Antecedents and Performance Outcomes of Entrepreneurial Orientation: a Comparative Cross-Country Study

Development of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) within a company is considered to be significant for firm performance in a contemporary market society with constantly changing environment. Considered as entrepreneurial, the firm is able to innovate, make risky investments and be proactive. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate factors which influence EO, the impact of EO on firm performance, and a mediating role of EO in developed and emerging market contexts. The empirical research is conducted quantitatively in a form of a survey in Russia and Finland. The results of the thesis have shown that the relationship between antecedents, EO and firm performance outcomes is different in developed and emerging contexts and can be explained by cultural differences and institutional development. The empirical research has both theoretical and practical novelty. It contributes to the existing literature on EO by the usage of comparative cross-country approach and a broader three-way interaction model between the variables. A general practical implication of the research is that managers may benefit from developing entrepreneurial strategic posture in particular contexts.

What we talk about when we talk about love

KORT REFERAT AV AVHANDLINGEN: Finns det skäl för att älska? Kan vi lova att älska någon hela livet? Är ovillkorlig kärlek endast ett ouppnåeligt ideal? Utgångspunkten för denna begreppsliga undersökning av kärlek är att många frågor som uppstår då vi börjar filosofera om begreppet är uttryck för förvirringar om vad vi talar om då vi talar om kärlek. Inspirerad av Ludwig Wittgensteins senare filosofi föreslår Kronqvist att många av dessa förvirringar kan upplösas genom att man reflekterar kring de olika samtal vi för om kärlek. Genom en sådan reflektion kan även vår förståelse för begreppet fördjupas. I avhandlingen behandlas olika frågor om kärlekens roll i vårt liv i ljuset av filosofiska diskussioner om (1) känslor (2) personlig identitet och (3) mening och moral. Diskussionen ger vid handen att många av de frågor vi ställs inför i reflektionen kring kärlek utmärks av att de inte kan ges ett för varje enskild människa giltigt, vetenskapligt svar. Istället ställer de oss inför en moralisk fråga: vilken plats är vi beredda att ge kärleken och andra människor i vårt eget liv? KORT FINSKT REFERAT AV AVHANDLINGEN: Voiko ihminen rakastaa, koska hänellä on siihen hyviä syitä? Voimmeko edes luvata elinikäistä rakkautta? Onko rakkaus ilman ennakkoehtoja vain saavuttamaton ihanne? Tämän rakkauden käsitteellisen tutkimuksen perusajatuksena on, että kysymykset, joita syntyy alkaessamme filosofoida rakkaudesta usein perustuvat väärinkäsityksiin siitä, mistä oikeastaan puhumme, kun puhumme rakkaudesta. Ludwig Wittgensteinin myöhäisfilosofian inspiroimana Kronqvist ehdottaa, että rakkautta koskevien erilaisten keskustelujemme reflektointi voi ratkaista monia näistä sekaannuksista. Tällainen tarkastelu voi myös syventää rakkauden ymmärrystämme. Väitöskirja tarkastelee eri puolilta rakkauden merkitystä elämässämme, vetäen yhteyksiä (1) tunteita (2) identiteettiä ja (3) merkitystä ja moraalia koskeviin filosofisiin keskusteluihin. Voidaan todeta, että monet rakkautta koskevissa tarkasteluissamme esiin nousevat kysymykset ovat luonteeltaan sellaisia, ettei niihin voi antaa jokaista ihmisyksilöä sitovaa, tieteellistä vastausta. Sensijaan ne asettavat meidät moraalisen kysymyksen eteen: minkä aseman olemme valmiita antamaan rakkaudelle ja toisille ihmisille omassa elämässämme?

The obstacles for cross-border transmission network investments in the Nordic electricity market: Case South-West link

The Nordic electricity market is often seen as an example of how to create a working, developed and integrated electricity market. Nevertheless, this thesis studies the obstacles of transmission network investments and the market integration challenges in the Nordic electricity market. The main focus is in the Nordic Transmission system operators (TSOs), which have a key role in grid development. This study introduces a case study of cancellation of South-West link, Western part, which was seen as essential grid investment in order to improve the Nordic electricity market functioning but ended up with cancellation in 2013. This study includes semi-structured theme interviews of the experts among Nordic electricity industry stakeholders. Despite the political will to create more equal prices for electricity in the Nordic market, the differing national regulation, mixed incentives created by bottleneck income and the focus moving from Nordic integration to European integration may create challenges to the Nordic electricity market integration in the future.

Development of agnostic mobile applications with cross-platform cloud computing platforms

Smart phones became part and parcel of our life, where mobility provides a freedom of not being bounded by time and space. In addition, number of smartphones produced each year is skyrocketing. However, this also created discrepancies or fragmentation among devices and OSes, which in turn made an exceeding hard for developers to deliver hundreds of similar featured applications with various versions for the market consumption. This thesis is an attempt to investigate whether cloud based mobile development platforms can mitigate and eventually eliminate fragmentation challenges. During this research, we have selected and analyzed the most popular cloud based development platforms and tested integrated cloud features. This research showed that cloud based mobile development platforms may able to reduce mobile fragmentation and enable to utilize single codebase to deliver a mobile application for different platforms.

Strategic management of value networks: how to create value in cross-sector collaboration and partnerships

Cross-sector collaboration and partnerships have become an emerging and desired strategy in addressing huge social and environmental challenges. Despite its popularity, cross-sector collaboration management has proven to be very challenging. Even though cross-sector collaboration and partnership management have been widely studied and discussed in recent years, their effectiveness as well as their ability to create value with respect to the problems they address has remained very challenging. There is little or no evidence of their ability to create value. Regarding all these challenges, this study aims to explore how to manage cross-sector collaborations and partnerships to be able to improve their effectiveness and to create more value for all partners involved in collaboration as well as for customers. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part comprises an overview of relevant literature (including strategic management, value networks and value creation theories), followed by presenting the results of the whole thesis and the contribution made by the study. The second part consists of six research publications, including both quantitative and qualitative studies. The chosen research strategy is triangulation, as the study includes four types of triangulation: (1) theoretical triangulation, (2) methodological triangulation, (3) data triangulation and (4) researcher triangulation. Two publications represent conceptual development, which are based on secondary data research. One publication is a quantitative study, carried out through a survey. The other three publications represent qualitative studies, based on case studies, where data was collected through interviews and workshops, with participation of managers from all three sectors: public, private and the third (nonprofit). The study consolidates the field of “strategic management of value networks,” which is proposed to be applied in the context of cross-sector collaboration and partnerships, with the aim of increasing their effectiveness and the process of value creation. Furthermore, the study proposes a first definition for the strategic management of value networks. The study also proposes and develops two strategy tools that are recommended to be used for the strategic management of value networks in cross-sector collaboration and partnerships. Taking a step forward, the study implements the strategy tools in practice, aiming to show and to demonstrate how new value can be created by using the developed strategy tools for the strategic management of value networks. This study makes four main contributions. (1) First, it brings a theoretical contribution by providing new insights and consolidating the field of strategic management of value networks, also proposing a first definition for the strategic management of value networks. (2) Second, the study makes a methodical contribution by proposing and developing two strategy tools for value networks of cross-sector collaboration: (a) value network mapping, a method that allows us to assess the current and the potential value network and (b) the Value Network Scorecard, a method of performance measurement and performance prediction in cross-sector collaboration. (3) Third, the study has managerial implications, offering new solutions and empirical evidence on how to increase the effectiveness of cross-sector collaboration and also allow managers to understand how new value can be created in cross-sector partnerships and how to get the full potential of collaboration. (4) And fourth, the study also has practical implications, allowing managers to understand how to use in practice the strategy tools developed in this study, providing discussions on the limitations regarding the proposed tools as well as general limitations involved in the study.

Radar cross-section measurement using the Doppler effect

In this Master Thesis we discuss issues related to the measurement of the effective scattering surface, based on the Doppler Effect. Modeling of the detected signal was made. Narrowband signal filtering using low-frequency amplifier was observed. Parameters of the proposed horn antennas were studied; radar cross section charts for three different objects were received.