Convergence in Industry Evolution

The objective of the thesis is to enhance understanding of the evolution of convergence. Previous research has shown that the technological interfaces between distinct industries are one of the major sources of new radical cross-industry innovations. Despite the fact that convergence in industry evolution has attracted a substantial managerial interest, the conceptual confusion within the field of convergence exists. Firstly, this study clarifies the convergence phenomenon and its impact to industry evolution. Secondly, the study creates novel patent analysis methods to analyze technological convergence and provide tools for anticipating the early stages of convergence. Overall the study combines the industry evolution perspective and the convergence view of industrial evolution. The theoretical background for the study consists of the industry life cycle theories, technology evolution, and technological trajectories. The study links several important concepts in analyzing industry evolution, technological discontinuities, path-dependency, technological interfaces as a source of industry transformation, and the evolutionary stagesof convergence. Based on reviewing the literature a generic understanding of industry transformation and industrial dynamics was generated. In the convergence studies, the theoretical basis is in the discussion of different convergence types and their impacts on industry evolution, and in anticipating and monitoring the stages of convergence. The study is divided in two parts. The first part gives a general overview, and the second part comprises eight research publications. Our case study is based historically on two very distinct industries of the paper and electronics companies as a test environment to evaluate the importance of emerging business sectors and technological convergence as a source of industry transformation. Both qualitative and quantitative research methodology are utilized. The results of this study reveal that technological convergence and complementary innovations from different fields have significant effect to the emerging new business sector formation. The patent-based indicators in the analysis of technological convergence can be utilized on analyzing technology competition, capability and competence development, knowledge accumulation, knowledge spill-overs, and technology-based industry transformation. The patent-based indicators can provide insights to the future competitive environment. Results and conclusions from empirical part seem not be in conflict with real observations in the industry.

Vöråfotografen Erik Hägglund

Kirja-arvio

Kulttuuriperintö itseisarvona ilman välinearvoa

Kirja-arvio

Burden of Influenza in Children

Background: Most children with influenza are treated as outpatients but, especially among young children, influenza-attributable illnesses often result in hospitalization. However, relatively scarce data exist on the clinical picture and the full disease burden of pediatric influenza. Prompt diagnosis of influenza could enable the institution of antiviral therapy and adequate cohorting of patients. Data are needed to help clinicians correctly suspect influenza at the time of hospital admission. Aims and methods: We conducted a prospective 2-year cohort study of respiratory infections in children aged ≤13 years to determine the incidence of influenza in outpatient children and to assess the clinical presentation of influenza in various age groups seen in primary care. We also determined the rates of different complications attributable to influenza and the absenteeism of the children and their parents due to the child’s influenza infection. We then conducted a further 16-year retrospective study of children ≤16 years of age, hospitalized with virologically confirmed influenza. We estimated the population-based rates of hospitalizations and determined the primary admission diagnoses of the hospitalized children in different age groups. Results: The average annual rate of influenza was highest (179 / 1000) among children <3 years old. In this age group, acute otitis media was diagnosed as a complication of influenza in 40% of children. High fever was the most prominent sign of influenza, and 20% of children <3 years of age had a fever ≥40oC. Most children had rhinitis already during the first days of the illness. The average annual incidence of influenzarelated hospitalization was highest (276 / 100,000) among infants <6 months of age, of whom 52% were primarily admitted due to sepsis-like illnesses. Respiratory symptoms accounted for 38% of the hospitalizations. Conclusions: Influenza causes a substantial burden of illness on outpatient children and their families. The clinical presentation of influenza is most severe in children <3 years of age. The high incidence of influenza-associated hospitalizations among infants aged <6 months calls for more effective ways to prevent influenza in this age group. The clinical manifestations of influenza vary widely in different age groups of children at the time of hospital admission. Awareness of this phenomenon is important for the early recognition of the illness and the potential initiation of effective antiviral treatment of these patients.

Luettelo vuotien säännöstelystä 11 päivänä toukokuuta 1945 annetun valtioneuvoston päätöksen 15 §:n edellyttämistä elinkeinoharjoittajista, joilla on oikeus harjoittaa vuotien valmistusta nahaksi tai turkikseksi (A) sekä luettelo turkisten säännöstelystä 22 p:nä joulukuuta 1942 annetun valtioneuvoston päätöksen edellyttämistä elinkeinonharjoittajista, joilla on oikeus harjoittaa turkisnahkain muokkausta (B)

14 x 21 cm

Förteckning över näringsidkare, vilka avses i § 15 i statsrådets beslut av den 11 maj 1945 om reglementering av hudar och vilka erhållit rättighet att bereda hudar till läder eller skinn (A) samt förteckning över näringsidkare, vilka avses i statsrådets beslut av den 22 december 1942 om reglementering av pälsskinn och vilka erhållit rättighet att bereda pälsskinn (B)

14 x 21 cm

Luettelo vuotien säännöstelystä 17 pnä joulukuuta 1942 annetun valtioneuvoston päätöksen 15 §:n edellyttämistä elinkeinonharjoittajista, joilla on oikeus harjoittaa vuotien valmistusta nahaksi tai turkikseksi

14 x 21 cm

Förteckning över näringsidkare, vilka avses i § 15 i statsrådets beslut av den 17 december 1942 om reglementering av hudar och vilka erhållit rättighet att bereda hudar till läder eller skinn

14 x 20 cm

From Persephone to Pan: D. H. Lawrence's mythopoeic vision of the integrated personality with special emphasis on the short fiction and other writings in the early nineteen twenties

This doctoral thesis was published in printed form in 1987. It was digitized from paper copy in 2013. Unfortunately on some pages the digitizaion process has not been complete, i.e there are some minor typographic erros on some pages.

Espoon Bodominjärven kunnostussuunnitelma

Espoon kuntakohtainen järvikunnostusohjelma aloitettiin 21 järven perustilan selvityksellä vuonna 2008. Vuonna 2009 jatkettiin kuntakohtaista järvikunnostusohjelmaa arvioimalla samojen 21 järven kunnostustarvetta. Espoon kaupungin ja Uudenmaan elinkeino-, liikenne- ja ympäristökeskuksen ympäristö j luonnonvarat -vastuualueen yhteistyötä jatkettiin vuonna 2010 laatimalla kunnostustarveraportissa suositeltu kunnostussuunnitelma Bodominjärvelle. Bodominjärvi sijaitsee Keski-Espoossa ja on pinta-alaltaan 412 ha. Se kuuluu Espoonjoen vesistöalueeseen. Järven valumaalueen pinta-ala on 31,7 km2. Bodominjärvi on rehevä järvi, ja siellä on esiintynyt suhteellisen usein levähaittoja. Järven kalasto on särkikalavaltaista. Kasvillisuus on vähäistä. Bodominjärveen kohdistuu laskennallisesti arvioituna paljon ulkoista kuormitusta. Järven kunnostuksessa on tärkeintä ulkoisen kuormituksen vähentäminen. Ulkoista kuormitusta tulee eniten peltoviljelystä, joten toimenpiteet pitää suunnata juuri maatalouden kuormituksen vähentämiseen. Hulevesien hallintaa kannattaa suunnitella asemakaava-alueella. Kalaston rakennetta voidaan muuttaa tehokalastamalla. Kasvillisuutta voidaan poistaa sen haitatessa virkistyskäyttöä suunnitelmassa annettujen kasvilajikohtaisten ohjeiden mukaan. Kasvillisuus ei kuitenkaan aiheuta paljoa ongelmia järvessä, joten kyseinen toimenpide on hyvin vähäinen ja paikallinen. Hapetus on varteenotettava kunnostusmenetelmä, etenkin kun Bodominjärvessä esiintyy sulkasääsken toukkia. Bodominjärvelle esitetään tehtäväksi tarkempi hapetussuunnitelma, mistä ilmenee juuri kyseiseen järveen teholtaan ja muilta ominaisuuksiltaan sopiva laitteisto, järven hapetustarve ja laitteen sijainti. Veden laadun seuranta on erittäin tärkeää, jotta eri menetelmien vaikutukset järven tilaan nähdään ajoissa. Tällöin on mahdollista tehostaa jotain toimintaa ja siirtyä johonkin vaihtoehtoiseen tapaan, jos tila esimerkiksi huononee

Use of fiber-reinforced composite framework and thermochromic pigment in maxillofacial prostheses

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the possibility to enhance certain qualities of facial prostheses. Polymethyl methacrylate is still being used as base mate¬rial or clip carrier material, but it is hard and heavy, and debonding of the silicone from the acrylic base material is a frequent problem. This thesis aims to evaluate the use of fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) as framework material for maxillofacial silicone prostheses. FRC has been used as reinforcement in removable and fixed partial dentures since the 1990s. This material is lightweight and can be fabricated to compress the margins of the prosthesis slightly, to keep it tightly against the skin during jaw movements and facial expressions. Additionally, the use of a thermochromic pigment, colorless in room temperature and red in a cold environment, was studied in order to evaluate the possibility of using this color changing pigment in facial prostheses to mimic the color change of facial skin in cold weather. The tensile bond strength between pre-impregnated, unidirectional FRC and maxillofacial silicone elastomer was studied. Three different bonding agents or primers were compared. Bond strength was improved by one of the primers and by roughening the surface. The effect of a skin compressing glass fiber-reinforced composite framework on facial skin blood flow was studied by using a face mask, constructed with a compression pad corresponding to the outer margin of a glass fiber-reinforced framework beam of a facial prosthesis. The skin blood flow of ten healthy volunteers, aged 23-25 years, was measured during touch, light, and moderate compression of the skin, by using laser Doppler imaging technique. None of the compressions showed any marked effects on local skin blood flow. There were no significant differences between blood flow during compression and at baseline. Maxillofacial silicone elastomer was colored intrinsically with conventional color pigments: a control group containing only conventional pigments was compared to two test groups with 0.2 wt% and 0.6 wt% thermochromic pigment added. The color of the material was measured with a spectrophotometer in room temperature and after storage in a freezer. The color stability of the maxillofacial silicone elastomer colored with thermo¬chromic pigment was evaluated by artificial aging. The color dif¬ference of the L* (lightness) and a* values (redness), comparing color after the samples were stored at room temperature and in a freezer (-19°C), was statistically significant for both 0.2 wt% and 0.6 wt% thermo¬chromic pigment groups. The differences in the b* values (yellowness) were statistically significant for the 0.6 wt% group. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation led to visually noticeable and statistically signifi¬cant color changes (ΔE) in all color values in both test groups. The specimens containing thermochromic pigment were very sensitive to UV radiation. In conclusion, a framework of fiber-reinforced composite can successfully be bonded to maxillofacial silicone elastomer, and a framework beam, compressing the facial skin, did not remarkably alter the skin blood flow on healthy, young adults. The thermochromic pigment showed color change in maxillofacial silicone elastomer. However, artificial aging showed that it was too sensitive to UV radiation to be used, as such, in maxillofacial prostheses.

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