Recension: Catrin Norrby & Gisela Håkansson (2007), Språkinlärning och språkanvändning. Svenska som andraspråk i och utanför Sverige.

Recension.

Kansainvälistymisen verkostomalli

This paper is a Bachelor's degree thesis considering the network model of internationalization. The paper is presented in the program of Industrial Management and International Marketing at Lappeenranta University of Technology. Globalization has increased the importance of internationalization process in which firms create business in networks. The internationalization of firms and establishment of business networks are known to be interconnected. For example, networks may help a firm to penetrate into new markets. The objective in this thesis is to make a literature study to clarify what is meant by the network model of internationalization in academic discussion. How business networks are related to firm's internationalization, what are the reasons why the model was born and how the network theory differs from the earlier theory? Furthermore, we would like to know what are the possible advantages and disadvantages of internationalizing via networks for small and medium-sized enterprises.

”Kui mää tääl asu?” asukasnäkökulmia kehittyvään lähiöön

Turun yliopiston maisemantutkimuksessa käynnistyi kesällä 2009 ympäristöministeriön ja Asumisen rahoitus- ja kehittämiskeskus ARAn rahoittama tutkimushanke porilaisista lähiömaisemista. Humanistit tutkivat lähiöasukkaiden paikkakokemuksia ja osallistamista asuinalueittensa kehittämiseen. Syksyllä hanke sai vielä lisärahoituksen neljää osahanketta varten, joissa käsiteltiin jokaisessa omalla tavallaan porilaislähiöiden yhteyttä muuhun kaupunkirakenteeseen. Osahankkeissa työskenteli kulttuurituotannon ja maisemantutkimuksen koulutusohjelman maisteriopiskelijoita. Pasi Salmen osuudessa tarkasteltiin kulttuuripalveluiden saavutettavuutta lähiössä kartoittamalla vapaita kerhotiloja, jotka soveltuisivat kulttuuritoiminnoille. Vuokko Kemppi toteutti yhdessä läänintaiteilija Hanna Elon kanssa Arkkitehtuurisillat-hankkeen, jossa keväällä 2010 pystytetyn näyttelyn avulla testattiin asukkaiden osallistamismenetelmää. Pormestarinluodon yhteyttä keskustaan tarkasteltiin Kaisu Ryynäsen ja Arja Sato-Ettalan puistovyöhykehankkeessa, jossa alueet yhdistävää rantapuistoa tutkittiin sekä historiallis-maisemallisena kokonaisuutena että asukasnäkökulmasta ja esitettiin suuntaviivoja sen kehittämiselle. Pihlavassa toteutettiin Jukka Vuorion osahankkeena asukaskysely, joka täydensi Vuokko Kempin päähankkeessa Pormestarinluodon asukkaille tekemää kyselyä. Turun yliopiston lähiöhankkeen lähtökohtana on ollut Porin lähiöiden erityisyys verrattuna suuriin kasvukeskuksiin, joissa lähiöiden asukasprofiilit, ikärakenne ja vaihtuvuus ovat toisenlaiset. Osahankkeet nostivat esiin sekä porilaislähiöiden keskinäiset erot että osallistamismenetelmien kirjon. Kaavoitukseen liittyvän ”virallisen” osallistamisen ongelmana on usein ollut asukkaiden heikko sitoutuminen. Osahankkeiden perusteella näkyy hyvin, miten tavoitteelliseen toimintaan liittyvä osallistaminen tavoittaa sellaisiakin ryhmiä, joilla ei riitä kiinnostusta esimerkiksi asukastilaisuuksiin tai kyselyihin vastaamiseen. Tämä osahankkeiden yhteisjulkaisu toimii lähiöhankkeen väliraporttina. Jatkossa hankkeessa kehitellään edelleen osallistamismenetelmiä ja seurataan, miten osallistamisen tulokset vaikuttavat suunnitteluprosessiin ja miten tämä vaikuttaa asukkaiden osallistumismotivaatioon. Hankkeen lopulliset tulokset julkaistaan sen päätyttyä vuoden 2011 lopussa. Toivottavasti myös jotkin osahankkeissa esitetyistä kehittämisideoista saavat tuulta siipien alle.

Customer knowledge processing in key account management

The ability of the supplier firm to generate and utilise customer-specific knowledge has attracted increasing attention in the academic literature during the last decade. It has been argued the customer knowledge should treated as a strategic asset the same as any other intangible assets. Yet, at the same time it has been shown that the management of customer-specific knowledge is challenging in practice, and that many firms are better at acquiring customer knowledge than at making use of it. This study examines customer knowledge processing in the context of key account management in large industrial firms. This focus was chosen because key accounts are demanding and complex. It is not unusual for a single key account relationship to constitute a complex web of relationships between the supplier and the key account – thus easily leading to the dispersion of customer-specific knowledge in the supplier firm. Although the importance of customer-specific knowledge generation has been widely acknowledged in the literature, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the processes through which firms generate, disseminate and use such knowledge internally for enhancing the relationships with their major, strategically important key account customers. This thesis consists of two parts. The first part comprises a theoretical overview and draws together the main findings of the study, whereas the second part consists of five complementary empirical research papers based on survey data gathered from large industrial firms in Finland. The findings suggest that the management of customer knowledge generated about and form key accounts is a three-dimensional process consisting of acquisition, dissemination and utilization. It could be concluded from the results that customer-specific knowledge is a strategic asset because the supplier’s customer knowledge processing activities have a positive effect on supplier’s key account performance. Moreover, in examining the determinants of each phase separately the study identifies a number of intra-organisational factors that facilitate the process in supplier firms. The main contribution of the thesis lies in linking the concept of customer knowledge processing to the previous literature on key account management. Moreover, given than this literature is mainly conceptual or case-based, a further contribution is to examine its consequences and determinants based on quantitative empirical data.

Design and Analysis of Forward Error Control Coding and Signaling for Guaranteeing QoS in Wireless Broadcast Systems

Broadcasting systems are networks where the transmission is received by several terminals. Generally broadcast receivers are passive devices in the network, meaning that they do not interact with the transmitter. Providing a certain Quality of Service (QoS) for the receivers in heterogeneous reception environment with no feedback is not an easy task. Forward error control coding can be used for protection against transmission errors to enhance the QoS for broadcast services. For good performance in terrestrial wireless networks, diversity should be utilized. The diversity is utilized by application of interleaving together with the forward error correction codes. In this dissertation the design and analysis of forward error control and control signalling for providing QoS in wireless broadcasting systems are studied. Control signaling is used in broadcasting networks to give the receiver necessary information on how to connect to the network itself and how to receive the services that are being transmitted. Usually control signalling is considered to be transmitted through a dedicated path in the systems. Therefore, the relationship of the signaling and service data paths should be considered early in the design phase. Modeling and simulations are used in the case studies of this dissertation to study this relationship. This dissertation begins with a survey on the broadcasting environment and mechanisms for providing QoS therein. Then case studies present analysis and design of such mechanisms in real systems. The mechanisms for providing QoS considering signaling and service data paths and their relationship at the DVB-H link layer are analyzed as the first case study. In particular the performance of different service data decoding mechanisms and optimal signaling transmission parameter selection are presented. The second case study investigates the design of signaling and service data paths for the more modern DVB-T2 physical layer. Furthermore, by comparing the performances of the signaling and service data paths by simulations, configuration guidelines for the DVB-T2 physical layer signaling are given. The presented guidelines can prove useful when configuring DVB-T2 transmission networks. Finally, recommendations for the design of data and signalling paths are given based on findings from the case studies. The requirements for the signaling design should be derived from the requirements for the main services. Generally, these requirements for signaling should be more demanding as the signaling is the enabler for service reception.

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