Impacts of increased levels of wind penetration on the Electric Power System of the Åland Islands

The application of VSC-HVDC technology throughout the world has turned out to be an efficient solution regarding a large share of wind power in different power systems. This technology enhances the overall reliability of the grid by utilization of the active and reactive power control schemes which allows to maintain frequency and voltage on busbars of the end-consumers at the required level stated by the network operator. This master’s thesis is focused on the existing and planned wind farms as well as electric power system of the Åland Islands. The goal is to analyze the wind conditions of the islands and appropriately predict a possible production of the existing and planned wind farms with a help of WAsP software program. Further, to investigate the influence of increased wind power it is necessary to develop a simulation model of the electric grid and VSC-HVDC system in PSCAD and examine grid response to different wind power production cases with respect to the grid code requirements and ensure the stability of the power system.

Doubly fed wind turbine performance in variable grid conditions

Wind turbines based on doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) become the most popular solution in high power wind generation industry. While this topology provides great performance with the reduced power rating of power converter, it has more complicated structure in comparison with full-rated topologies, and therefore leads to complexity of control algorithms and electromechanical processes in the system. The purpose of presented study is to present a proper vector control scheme for the DFIG and overall control for the WT to investigate its behavior at different wind speeds and in different grid voltage conditions: voltage sags, magnitude and frequency variations. The key principles of variable-speed wind turbine were implemented in simulation model and demonstrated during the study. Then, based on developed control scheme and mathematical model, the set of simulation is made to analyze reactive power capabilities of the DFIG wind turbine. Further, the rating of rotor-side converter is modified to not only generate active rated active power, but also to fulfill Grid Codes. Results of modelling and analyzing of the DFIG WT behavior under different speeds and different voltage conditions are presented in the work.

Screening of power to gas projects

The purpose of this thesis was the screening of power to gas projects worldwide and reviewing the technologies used and applications for the end products. This study focuses solely on technical solutions and feasibility, economical profitability is excluded. With power grids having larger penetrations of intermittent sources such as solar and wind power, the demand and production cannot be balanced in conventional methods. Technologies for storing electric power in times of surplus production are needed, and the concept called power to gas is a solution for this problem. A total of 57 projects mostly located in Europe were reviewed by going through publications, presentations and project web pages. Hydrogen is the more popular end product over methane. Power to gas is a viable concept when power production from intermittent sources needs to be smoothed and time shifted, when carbon free fuels are produced for vehicles and when chemical industry needs carbon neutral raw materials.

Teknologiaohjelma DENSY -Hajautetun energiantuotannon tulevaisuusskenaariot ja vaikutukset liiketoimintamalleihin

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää miten hajautettu energiantuotanto ja siihen liittyvä liiketoiminta tulee muuttumaan tulevaisuudessaja mitä mahdollisuuksia se voisi tarjota suomalaiselle osaamiselle. Työssä käydään läpi lyhyesti hajautetun energiantuotannon teknologian nykytilaa ja tehdään teknis-taloudellista vertailua eri tuotantoteknologioiden välillä. Tämän jälkeenon muodostettu asiantuntijoiden ja aktoreiden kanssa liiketoimin-taympäristöskenaarioita, jotka kuvaavat tulevaisuuden muutossuuntia hajautetun energian-tuotannon liiketoiminnassa. Skenaarioistunnoissa löydettiin muutosta ajavat voimat ja pohdittiin niiden vaikutusta alan kehitykseen. Työn tuloksena määriteltiin skenaarioiden kehitystä vahvimmin ohjaaviksi tekijöiksi infrastruktuurin kehittyneisyys ja toisaalta myös yhteiskunnan ohjaustoimet. Niiden pohjalta luotiin lopulliset neljä skenaariota ja niille kaikille liiketoimintakuvaukset. Skenaarioiden avulla suomalaisen toimijan näkökulmasta arvioitiin houkuttelevimmiksi markkina-alueiksi EU-15, Venäjä, Intia ja Kiina. Moninaisista liiketoimintaa estävistä te-kijöistä huolimatta markkinoilta löytyi suuri potentiaali hajautetun energiantuotannon jär-jestelmille. Potentiaalisimmiksi teknologioiksi suomalaisten yritysten kannalta nähtiin puolestaan diesel- ja kaasumoottorit, tuulivoima, pienvesivoima sekä bioenergia. Yhdessä markkina- ja teknologiatutkimuksien sekä skenaariotyön avulla luotiin uusia liiketoimin-takonseptikuvauksia tulevaisuuden hajautetun energiantuotannon markkinoille suomalai-sen toimijan näkökulmasta.

Utilization of a Time Domain Simulator in the Technical and Economic Analysis of a Wind Turbine Electric Drive Train

The amount of installed wind power has been growing exponentially during the past ten years. As wind turbines have become a significant source of electrical energy, the interactions between the turbines and the electric power network need to be studied more thoroughly than before. Especially, the behavior of the turbines in fault situations is of prime importance; simply disconnecting all wind turbines from the network during a voltage drop is no longer acceptable, since this would contribute to a total network collapse. These requirements have been a contributor to the increased role of simulations in the study and design of the electric drive train of a wind turbine. When planning a wind power investment, the selection of the site and the turbine are crucial for the economic feasibility of the installation. Economic feasibility, on the other hand, is the factor that determines whether or not investment in wind power will continue, contributing to green electricity production and reduction of emissions. In the selection of the installation site and the turbine (siting and site matching), the properties of the electric drive train of the planned turbine have so far been generally not been taken into account. Additionally, although the loss minimization of some of the individual components of the drive train has been studied, the drive train as a whole has received less attention. Furthermore, as a wind turbine will typically operate at a power level lower than the nominal most of the time, efficiency analysis in the nominal operating point is not sufficient. This doctoral dissertation attempts to combine the two aforementioned areas of interest by studying the applicability of time domain simulations in the analysis of the economicfeasibility of a wind turbine. The utilization of a general-purpose time domain simulator, otherwise applied to the study of network interactions and control systems, in the economic analysis of the wind energy conversion system is studied. The main benefits of the simulation-based method over traditional methods based on analytic calculation of losses include the ability to reuse and recombine existing models, the ability to analyze interactions between the components and subsystems in the electric drive train (something which is impossible when considering different subsystems as independent blocks, as is commonly done in theanalytical calculation of efficiencies), the ability to analyze in a rather straightforward manner the effect of selections other than physical components, for example control algorithms, and the ability to verify assumptions of the effects of a particular design change on the efficiency of the whole system. Based on the work, it can be concluded that differences between two configurations can be seen in the economic performance with only minor modifications to the simulation models used in the network interaction and control method study. This eliminates the need ofdeveloping analytic expressions for losses and enables the study of the system as a whole instead of modeling it as series connection of independent blocks with no lossinterdependencies. Three example cases (site matching, component selection, control principle selection) are provided to illustrate the usage of the approach and analyze its performance.

Tuulivoimateollisuuden tarkastelu patenttianalyysiä hyödyntäen

Työssä luodaan katsaus tuulivoiman käyttöön historiassa sekä tuulivoiman hyödyntämiseen sähköntuotantoon nykyaikaisessa yhteiskunnassa. Lisäksi esitellään modernin kolmilapaisen tuuliturbiinin tekniikkaa. Työssä tarkastellaan kolmen suuren tuulivoimaloita valmistavien yrityksien patentointiaktiivisutta aikavälillä 2000–2010 ja patenttien lukumäärässä, maantieteellisessä vaihtelussa, tyypissä ja luokissa esiintyviä trendejä. Näiden pohjalta luodaan kokonaiskuva tuulivoiman teollisuuden kehityksestä 2000-luvun alussa ja odotetuista tulevaisuuden näkymistä. Vuosituhannen vaihteen jälkeen patentointiaktiivisuus on kasvanut tuulivoimateknologiayrityksillä. Etenkin vuonna 2007 havaitaan piikki patenttien lukumäärässä. Patentointitoiminta on keskittynyt Eurooppaan, Pohjois-Amerikkaan sekä Kiinaan. Tuulivoimateknologian voidaan olettaa kehittyvän sekä koossa että kustannustehokkuudessa.

Commercialization of Modern Renewable Energy

The threat of global warming and its consequences are widely recognized, and the question of how to proceed with the long transition towards fossil fuel -neutral economies concerns many nations and people. At the same time the world’s primary energy use is predicted to increase significantly during the next decades as a result of global population and welfare increase. Improved energy efficiency and increased use of renewable energy sources in the world’s energy mix play important roles in the future energy production and consumption. The objective of this thesis is to study how novel renewable energy technologies, such as distributed small-scale bio-fueled combined heat and power production and wind power technologies could be commercialized efficiently. A wide array of attributes may contribute to the diffusion of new products. In general, the bioenergy and wind power technologies are in emerging phases, and the diffusion stage varies from country to country. The effects of firms’ technology choices, collaboration and alliances are studied in this thesis. Furthermore, the roles of national energy infrastructure and energy support schemes in the commercialization of new renewable energy products are explored. The empirical data is based on energy expert interviews, financial and patent data, and literature reviews of different case studies. The thesis comprises two parts. The first part provides an overview of the study, and the second part includes six research publications. The results reveal that small-scale bio-fueled combined heat and power production and wind power technologies are still in emerging phases in their life cycles, and energy support schemes are crucial in the market diffusion. The study contributes to earlier findings in the literature and industry by confirming that adequate energy policies and energy infrastructure are fundamental in the commercialization of novel renewable energy technologies. Firm-specific issues, including business relationships and new business models, and market-related issues will have a more significant role in the market penetration in the future, when the technologies mature and become competitive without political support schemes.

Metsäenergian liiketoimintojen kehittäminen ja käytön kasvun vaikutukset Kaakkois-Suomessa

Kaakkois-Suomen alueella uusiutuvan energian käyttö ja erityisesti metsäenergian käyttö on kasvanut merkittävästi 2000-luvulla. Tulevaisuudessa metsäenergia nähdään edelleen potenti-aalisimpana vaihtoehtona korvattaessa fossiilisia polttoaineita lämpö- ja voimalaitoskokoluo-kassa. Muita uusiutuvan energian vaihtoehtoja ovat mm. tuuli- ja aurinkovoima, biokaasu sekä erilaiset kiinteät ja nestemäiset polttoainejalosteet. Tulevaisuudessa alueella voi olla mahdollis-ta tuottaa niin kansalliseen kuin kansainväliseen vientiin esim. biopolttonesteitä, biokaasua ja biohiiltä. Tutkimushankkeen tavoitteena oli selvittää metsäenergia-alan alueelliset toimijat sekä metsä-energian soveltuvuus ja liiketoimintamahdollisuudet Kaakkois-Suomen alueen energian tuo-tannossa. Tutkimus koostui seuraavista osatehtävistä: metsäsektorin toimijakentän kartoitus, metsäenergian alueelliset liiketoimintamahdollisuudet, puuperäisten polttoainejalosteiden käyttö- ja liiketoimintamahdollisuudet, muiden uusiutuvien energialähteiden käyttömahdolli-suudet ja vaikutukset Kaakkois-Suomessa. Tutkimuksessa arvioitiin myös Kaakkois-Suomen metsäenergian hankinnan työllisyysvaikutuksia. Tutkimuksen ohjausryhmänä toimi Kaakkois-Suomen metsäenergianeuvottelukunta. Tutkimuksessa kyselytutkimuksella selvitettiin metsäenergian tuottajien ja käyttäjien mielipi-teitä ja kehittämiskohteita toimialalta. Kaakkois-Suomessa hyödynnettävistä uusiutuvista energialähteistä selvitettiin nykyinen käyttö sekä arvioitiin tulevaisuuden hyödyntämismah-dollisuuksia vuonna 2020. Nämä tulokset esitettiin Kaakkois-Suomen energiataseen avulla. Kaakkois-Suomessa uusiutuvista energialähteistä puupolttoaineilla on merkittävin rooli metsä-teollisuuden johdosta ja alueen metsäenergian käyttö voi kasvaa jopa 1,7 TWh:in, mikäli fos-siilisia energialähteitä korvataan edelleen voimalaitoksissa ja lämpökeskuksissa. Metsäenergian käytön kasvussa alueen kunnilla on merkittävä rooli. Viime vuosina erityisesti tuulivoiman tuotanto on kasvanut ja tulee kasvamaan edelleen. Samoin aurinkoenergian hyödyntäminen kiinteistökokoluokassa on lisääntynyt voimakkaasti. Lisäksi maakuntaan on suunnitteilla kiin-teiden, nestemäisten ja kaasumaisten polttoainejalosteiden tuotantolaitoksia. Toteutuessaan laitokset voivat lisätä metsäenergian käyttöä merkittävästi.

Lightweight, liquid-cooled, direct-drive generator for highpower wind turbines: motivation, concept, and performance

Thesis: A liquid-cooled, direct-drive, permanent-magnet, synchronous generator with helical, double-layer, non-overlapping windings formed from a copper conductor with a coaxial internal coolant conduit offers an excellent combination of attributes to reliably provide economic wind power for the coming generation of wind turbines with power ratings between 5 and 20MW. A generator based on the liquid-cooled architecture proposed here will be reliable and cost effective. Its smaller size and mass will reduce build, transport, and installation costs. Summary: Converting wind energy into electricity and transmitting it to an electrical power grid to supply consumers is a relatively new and rapidly developing method of electricity generation. In the most recent decade, the increase in wind energy’s share of overall energy production has been remarkable. Thousands of land-based and offshore wind turbines have been commissioned around the globe, and thousands more are being planned. The technologies have evolved rapidly and are continuing to evolve, and wind turbine sizes and power ratings are continually increasing. Many of the newer wind turbine designs feature drivetrains based on Direct-Drive, Permanent-Magnet, Synchronous Generators (DD-PMSGs). Being low-speed high-torque machines, the diameters of air-cooled DD-PMSGs become very large to generate higher levels of power. The largest direct-drive wind turbine generator in operation today, rated just below 8MW, is 12m in diameter and approximately 220 tonne. To generate higher powers, traditional DD-PMSGs would need to become extraordinarily large. A 15MW air-cooled direct-drive generator would be of colossal size and tremendous mass and no longer economically viable. One alternative to increasing diameter is instead to increase torque density. In a permanent magnet machine, this is best done by increasing the linear current density of the stator windings. However, greater linear current density results in more Joule heating, and the additional heat cannot be removed practically using a traditional air-cooling approach. Direct liquid cooling is more effective, and when applied directly to the stator windings, higher linear current densities can be sustained leading to substantial increases in torque density. The higher torque density, in turn, makes possible significant reductions in DD-PMSG size. Over the past five years, a multidisciplinary team of researchers has applied a holistic approach to explore the application of liquid cooling to permanent-magnet wind turbine generator design. The approach has considered wind energy markets and the economics of wind power, system reliability, electromagnetic behaviors and design, thermal design and performance, mechanical architecture and behaviors, and the performance modeling of installed wind turbines. This dissertation is based on seven publications that chronicle the work. The primary outcomes are the proposal of a novel generator architecture, a multidisciplinary set of analyses to predict the behaviors, and experimentation to demonstrate some of the key principles and validate the analyses. The proposed generator concept is a direct-drive, surface-magnet, synchronous generator with fractional-slot, duplex-helical, double-layer, non-overlapping windings formed from a copper conductor with a coaxial internal coolant conduit to accommodate liquid coolant flow. The novel liquid-cooling architecture is referred to as LC DD-PMSG. The first of the seven publications summarized in this dissertation discusses the technological and economic benefits and limitations of DD-PMSGs as applied to wind energy. The second publication addresses the long-term reliability of the proposed LC DD-PMSG design. Publication 3 examines the machine’s electromagnetic design, and Publication 4 introduces an optimization tool developed to quickly define basic machine parameters. The static and harmonic behaviors of the stator and rotor wheel structures are the subject of Publication 5. And finally, Publications 6 and 7 examine steady-state and transient thermal behaviors. There have been a number of ancillary concrete outcomes associated with the work including the following. X Intellectual Property (IP) for direct liquid cooling of stator windings via an embedded coaxial coolant conduit, IP for a lightweight wheel structure for lowspeed, high-torque electrical machinery, and IP for numerous other details of the LC DD-PMSG design X Analytical demonstrations of the equivalent reliability of the LC DD-PMSG; validated electromagnetic, thermal, structural, and dynamic prediction models; and an analytical demonstration of the superior partial load efficiency and annual energy output of an LC DD-PMSG design X A set of LC DD-PMSG design guidelines and an analytical tool to establish optimal geometries quickly and early on X Proposed 8 MW LC DD-PMSG concepts for both inner and outer rotor configurations Furthermore, three technologies introduced could be relevant across a broader spectrum of applications. 1) The cost optimization methodology developed as part of this work could be further improved to produce a simple tool to establish base geometries for various electromagnetic machine types. 2) The layered sheet-steel element construction technology used for the LC DD-PMSG stator and rotor wheel structures has potential for a wide range of applications. And finally, 3) the direct liquid-cooling technology could be beneficial in higher speed electromotive applications such as vehicular electric drives.

The role of nuclear power in the future energy system

Currently widely accepted consensus is that greenhouse gas emissions produced by the mankind have to be reduced in order to avoid further global warming. The European Union has set a variety of CO2 reduction and renewable generation targets for its member states. The current energy system in the Nordic countries is one of the most carbon free in the world, but the aim is to achieve a fully carbon neutral energy system. The objective of this thesis is to consider the role of nuclear power in the future energy system. Nuclear power is a low carbon energy technology because it produces virtually no air pollutants during operation. In this respect, nuclear power is suitable for a carbon free energy system. In this master's thesis, the basic characteristics of nuclear power are presented and compared to fossil fuelled and renewable generation. Nordic energy systems and different scenarios in 2050 are modelled. Using models and information about the basic characteristics of nuclear power, an opinion is formed about its role in the future energy system in Nordic countries. The model shows that it is possible to form a carbon free Nordic energy system. Nordic countries benefit from large hydropower capacity which helps to offset fluctuating nature of wind power. Biomass fuelled generation and nuclear power provide stable and predictable electricity throughout the year. Nuclear power offers better energy security and security of supply than fossil fuelled generation and it is competitive with other low carbon technologies.

Permanent magnet synchronous generator design solution for large directdrive wind turbines: Thermal behavior of the LC DD-PMSG

Wind is one of the most compelling forms of indirect solar energy. Available now, the conversion of wind power into electricity is and will continue to be an important element of energy self-sufficiency planning. This paper is one in a series intended to report on the development of a new type of generator for wind energy; a compact, high-power, direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generator (DD-PMSG) that uses direct liquid cooling (LC) of the stator windings to manage Joule heating losses. The main param-eters of the subject LC DD-PMSG are 8 MW, 3.3 kV, and 11 Hz. The stator winding is cooled directly by deionized water, which flows through the continuous hollow conductor of each stator tooth-coil winding. The design of the machine is to a large degree subordinate to the use of these solid-copper tooth-coils. Both steady-state and timedependent temperature distributions for LC DD-PMSG were examined with calculations based on a lumpedparameter thermal model, which makes it possible to account for uneven heat loss distribution in the stator conductors and the conductor cooling system. Transient calculations reveal the copper winding temperature distribution for an example duty cycle during variable-speed wind turbine operation. The cooling performance of the liquid cooled tooth-coil design was predicted via finite element analysis. An instrumented cooling loop featuring a pair of LC tooth-coils embedded in a lamination stack was built and laboratory tested to verify the analytical model. Predicted and measured results were in agreement, confirming the predicted satisfactory operation of the LC DD-PMSG cooling technology approach as a whole.

Economics of Power-to-Gas integration to wastewater treatment plant

Solar and wind power produce electricity irregularly. This irregular power production is problematic and therefore production can exceed the need. Thus sufficient energy storage solutions are needed. Currently there are some storages, such as flywheel, but they are quite short-term. Power-to-Gas (P2G) offers a solution to store energy as a synthetic natural gas. It also improves nation’s energy self-sufficiency. Power-to-Gas can be integrated to an industrial or a municipal facility to reduce production costs. In this master’s thesis the integration of Power-to-Gas technologies to wastewater treatment as a part of the VTT’s Neo-Carbon Energy project is studied. Power-to-Gas produces synthetic methane (SNG) from water and carbon dioxide with electricity. This SNG can be considered as stored energy. Basic wastewater treatment technologies and the production of biogas in the treatment plant are studied. The utilisation of biogas and SNG in heat and power production and in transportation is also studied. The integration of the P2G to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is examined mainly from economic view. First the mass flows of flowing materials are calculated and after that the economic impact based on the mass flows. The economic efficiency is evaluated with Net Present Value method. In this thesis it is also studied the overall profitability of the integration and the key economic factors.

GIS-based approach for optimization of onshore wind park infrastructure alignment in Finland

Wind power is a rapidly developing, low-emission form of energy production. In Fin-land, the official objective is to increase wind power capacity from the current 1 005 MW up to 3 500–4 000 MW by 2025. By the end of April 2015, the total capacity of all wind power project being planned in Finland had surpassed 11 000 MW. As the amount of projects in Finland is record high, an increasing amount of infrastructure is also being planned and constructed. Traditionally, these planning operations are conducted using manual and labor-intensive work methods that are prone to subjectivity. This study introduces a GIS-based methodology for determining optimal paths to sup-port the planning of onshore wind park infrastructure alignment in Nordanå-Lövböle wind park located on the island of Kemiönsaari in Southwest Finland. The presented methodology utilizes a least-cost path (LCP) algorithm for searching of optimal paths within a high resolution real-world terrain dataset derived from airborne lidar scannings. In addition, planning data is used to provide a realistic planning framework for the anal-ysis. In order to produce realistic results, the physiographic and planning datasets are standardized and weighted according to qualitative suitability assessments by utilizing methods and practices offered by multi-criteria evaluation (MCE). The results are pre-sented as scenarios to correspond various different planning objectives. Finally, the methodology is documented by using tools of Business Process Management (BPM). The results show that the presented methodology can be effectively used to search and identify extensive, 20 to 35 kilometers long networks of paths that correspond to certain optimization objectives in the study area. The utilization of high-resolution terrain data produces a more objective and more detailed path alignment plan. This study demon-strates that the presented methodology can be practically applied to support a wind power infrastructure alignment planning process. The six-phase structure of the method-ology allows straightforward incorporation of different optimization objectives. The methodology responds well to combining quantitative and qualitative data. Additional-ly, the careful documentation presents an example of how the methodology can be eval-uated and developed as a business process. This thesis also shows that more emphasis on the research of algorithm-based, more objective methods for the planning of infrastruc-ture alignment is desirable, as technological development has only recently started to realize the potential of these computational methods.

Wind turbine indirect ice detection and operational analysis

Wind energy is one of the most promising and fast growing sector of energy production. Wind is ecologically friendly and relatively cheap energy resource available for development in practically all corners of the world (where only the wind blows). Today wind power gained broad development in the Scandinavian countries. Three important challenges concerning sustainable development, i.e. energy security, climate change and energy access make a compelling case for large-scale utilization of wind energy. In Finland, according to the climate and energy strategy, accepted in 2008, the total consumption of electricity generated by means of wind farms by 2020, should reach 6 - 7% of total consumption in the country [1]. The main challenges associated with wind energy production are harsh operational conditions that often accompany the turbine operation in the climatic conditions of the north and poor accessibility for maintenance and service. One of the major problems that require a solution is the icing of turbine structures. Icing reduces the performance of wind turbines, which in the conditions of a long cold period, can significantly affect the reliability of power supply. In order to predict and control power performance, the process of ice accretion has to be carefully tracked. There are two ways to detect icing – directly or indirectly. The first way applies to the special ice detection instruments. The second one is using indirect characteristics of turbine performance. One of such indirect methods for ice detection and power loss estimation has been proposed and used in this paper. The results were compared to the results directly gained from the ice sensors. The data used was measured in Muukko wind farm, southeast Finland during a project 'Wind power in cold climate and complex terrain'. The project was carried out in 9/2013 - 8/2015 with the partners Lappeenranta university of technology, Alstom renovables España S.L., TuuliMuukko, and TuuliSaimaa.

Laitteen elinkaaritietoon perustuvien asiakasarvopohjaisten palveluiden kehittäminen

Työssä tutkitaan asiakasarvopohjaisten elinkaaritietoon perustuvien palveluiden kehittämistä. Tavoitteena on löytää asiakasarvo tuulivoimaliiketoiminnassa, selvittää mitä palveluja voidaan tuottaa elinkaaritietoon pohjautuen ja millainen kehitysprosessi palveluille ABB:n ympäristössä voidaan kuvata. Tutkimusongelmaa on tarkasteltuLCB-tutkimusprojektin tulosten ja kirjallisuuden pohjalta. Teoriat voidaan jakaa kolmeen osaan, asiakasarvoon, dataan ja kehitysprosessiin. Ensimmäisessä osassa keskitytään tarjoaman muutokseen, rooleihin liiketoimintaverkostossa ja asiakasarvon laskennalliseen määritykseen. Toisessa osassa keskitytään datan palveluksi jalostamiseen ja kolmannessa palvelun kehitysprosessin tutkimiseen. Tutkimustuloksia on verifioitu case-tutkimuksen avulla ja erästä asiakasta on lähestytty case-tapauksena haastattelun avulla. Asiakas on profiloitu haastattelun perusteella tavoitteena löytää asiakasarvo ja kiinnostus uusia palveluja kohtaan. Uusia palveluita on kehitetty sekä eksplisiittisen että hiljaisen tiedon pohjalta. Näiden pohjalta on luotu toimivia palvelukonsepteja ja ideointivaiheen kehitysprosessi on dokumentoitu. Työstä on tehty kaksi eri versiota, joista tämä on suppeampi.