Eristäjä Väinö Taivainen 27/12 1967

Kirje 27.12.1967

Materiaalitietokanta prosessilaitetoimituksen laitevalintojen tukena

In this master's thesis, material characteristics which includes material database will be developed, through which will be managed process device deliveries device selections. The analysed bulk materials exact values serve as basic data when choosing glass- and dried product industry raw material equipment solutions. In this study, the material database function structure will be divided into classified bulk materials characteristics and process device guidelines and planning which they are based on. In order to achieve the best possible advantage in use of the material database, the raw material handling with the process equipment has to be controlled with the help of database bulk material information. With the help of material database, the personnel of the company will find the needed material and device information to implement the processes. The structure of the database enables adding of information, and hence the database will be always kept updated. The material database uses free PhpOpenDatabase software programme, which adapts itself flexibly with the software and requirements of the company. The material frame and considered features of the material database were determined by the requirements of the company's device technology. National and international classifications were used as help. The collected material information was analysed and the correspondence between internal study results and found classifications were determined. As presented before, on the grounds of chosen and specified material features, also the controllability of device selecting and solutions was improved with device-specific screening and planning guidelines. As material frame of the material database was chosen ANSI/CEMA Standard 550. Its almost 1000 bulk materials form an extensive database frame. Over 600 of these raw materials have been determined according to classification. However, the most important ones are the materials of glass- and dried material plants, which consist of the last part of material frame. The analysis will be sustained and material information will be completed primarily of material part with test run in one's own material laboratory.

Value Processingin Organizations - Individual Perceptions in Three Case Companies

Values and value processes are said to be needed in every organization nowadays, as the world is changing and companies have to have something to "keep it together". Organizational values, which are approvedand used by the personnel, could be the key. Every organization has values. But what is the real value of values? The greatest and most crucial challenge is the feasibility of the value process. The main point in this thesis is tostudy how organizational members at different hierarchical levels perceive values and value processes in their organizations. This includes themes such as how values are disseminated, the targets of value processing, factors that affect the process, problems that occur during the value implementation and improvements that could be made when organizational values are implemented. These subjects are studied from the perspective of organizational members (both managers and employees); individuals in the organizations. The aim is to get the insider-perspective on value processing, from multiple hierarchical levels. In this research I study three different organizations (forest industry, bank and retail cooperative) and their value processes. The data is gathered from companies interviewing personnel in the head office and at the local level. The individuals areseen as members of organizations, and the cultural aspect is topical throughout the whole study. Values and cultures are seen as the 'actuality of reality' of organizations, interpreted by organizational members. The three case companies were chosen because they represented different lines of business and they all implemented value processing differently. Sincethe emphasis in this study is at the local level, the similar size of the local units was also an important factor. Values are in 'fashion' -but what does the fashion tell us about the real corporate practices? In annual reports companies emphasize the importance and power of official values. But what is the real 'point' of values? Values are publicly respected and advertised, but still it seems that the words do not meet the deeds. There is a clear conflict between theoretical, official and substantive organizational values: in the value processing from words to real action. This contradiction in value processing is studied through individual perceptions in this study. I study the kinds of perceptions organizationalmembers have when values are processed from the head office to the local level: the official value process is studied from the individual's perspective. Value management has been studied more during the 1990's. The emphasis has usually been on managers: how they consider the values in organizations and what effects it has on the management. Recent literature has emphasized values as tools for improving company performance. The value implementation as a process has been studied through 'good' and 'bad' examples, as if one successful value process could be copied to all organizations. Each company is different with different cultures and personnel, so no all-powerful way of processing values exists. In this study, the organizational members' perceptions at different hierarchical levels are emphasized. Still, managers are also interviewed; this is done since managerial roles in value dissemination are crucial. Organizational values cannot be well disseminated without management; this has been proved in several earlier studies (e.g. Kunda 1992, Martin 1992, Parker 2000). Recent literature has not sufficiently emphasized the individual's (organizational member's) role in value processing. Organizations consist of differentindividuals with personal values, at all hierarchical levels. The aim in this study is to let the individual take the floor. Very often the value process is described starting from the value definition and ending at dissemination, and the real results are left without attention. I wish to contribute to this area. Values are published officially in annual reports etc. as a 'goal' just like profits. Still, the results/implementationof value processing is rarely followed, at least in official reports. This is a very interesting point: why do companies espouse values, if there is no real control or feedback after the processing? In this study, the personnel in three different companies is asked to give an answer. In the empirical findings, there are several results which bring new aspects to the research area of organizational values. The targets of value processing, factors effecting value processing, the management's roles and the problems in value implementation are presented through the individual's perspective. The individual's perceptions in value processing are a recurring theme throughout the whole study. A comparison between the three companies with diverse value processes makes the research complete

Suodatuskalvojen toimivuuden arviointi paperiteollisuuden sovelluksissa

Työn tavoitteena oli etsiä vaihtoehtoja paperiteollisuuden kiertovesien ja pastapitoisten jätevesien suodatusprosesseissa tällä hetkellä käytössä oleville kalvoille. Työssä pyrittiin myös määrittämään tekijöitä, joiden avulla voitaisiin ennustaa polymeerikalvon käyttäytymistä erilaisissa paperiteollisuuden kalvosovelluksissa. Työn kirjallisessa osassa tarkasteltiin polymeerikalvojen ominaisuuksia, jotka vaikuttavat kalvojen käyttäytymiseen suodatusprosesseissa. Työssä esiteltiin myös tavallisimmat kalvomateriaalit ja polymeerikalvojen valmistustavat sekä paperiteollisuuden kalvosovelluksia. Paperiteollisuuden kalvosuodatussovellukset eroavat toisistaan huomattavasti toimintaolosuhteiltaan ja käyttötarkoituksiltaan. Tästä johtuen on hankalaa löytää yhteisiä tekijöitä, joiden perusteella voitaisiin ennustaa kalvon käyttäytymistä eri sovelluksissa. Kalvon hydrofiilisyyden todettiin kuitenkin vaikuttavan positiivisesti suodatustapahtumaan useissa sovelluksissa. Kokeellisessa osassa verrattiin erilaisten polymeerikalvojen ja referenssikalvojen toimintaa happaman kirkkaan suodoksen ja pastapitoisen veden suodatuksessa. Kirkkaan suodoksen suodatuskokeet tehtiin UPM-Kymmene Oy:n Kaukaan tehtailla. Pastapitoista jätevettä mallinnettiin syöttöpanoksilla, jotka tehtiin laimentamalla CTC:n valmistamaa LWC-pastaa. Suodatukset tehtiin CR 200/1- ja CR 550/10 -suodattimilla. Kirkkaan suodoksen suodatuksissa käytettiin referenssikalvona regeneroidusta selluloosasta ja pastapitoisen veden suodatuksessa aromaattisesta polyamidista valmistettua kalvoa. Kirkkaan suodoksen koesuodatusten perusteella todettiin, ettei minkään vertailtavan ultrasuodatuskalvon suodatuskapasiteetti ollut yhtä korkea kuin referenssikalvon. Referenssikalvon toiminta suodatuksessa oli myös vakaata syötön laadun muutoksista huolimatta. Todennäköisesti referenssikalvon erittäin hydrofiilinen luonne tekee siitä vertailtavia kalvoja sopivamman kirkkaan suodoksen suodatukseen. Pastapitoisen veden suodatustulosten perusteella referenssikalvolle löytyi useita potentiaalisia korvaajia. Näistä parhaan kalvon valitseminen edellyttää kuitenkin jatkotutkimuksia. SEM-analyysituloksista huomattiin, että tietyntyyppinen kalvorakenne parantaa kalvon toimintaa pastapitoisen veden suodatuksessa.

Gas-phase photocatalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds

Substances emitted into the atmosphere by human activities in urban and industrial areas cause environmental problems such as air quality degradation, respiratory diseases, climate change, global warming, and stratospheric ozone depletion. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major air pollutants, emitted largely by industry, transportation and households. Many VOCs are toxic, and some are considered to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic. A wide spectrum of VOCs is readily oxidized photocatalytically. Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) over titanium dioxide may present a potential alternative to air treatment strategies currently in use, such as adsorption and thermal treatment, due to its advantageous activity under ambient conditions, although higher but still mild temperatures may also be applied. The objective of the present research was to disclose routes of chemical reactions, estimate the kinetics and the sensitivity of gas-phase PCO to reaction conditions in respect of air pollutants containing heteroatoms in their molecules. Deactivation of the photocatalyst and restoration of its activity was also taken under consideration to assess the practical possibility of the application of PCO to the treatment of air polluted with VOCs. UV-irradiated titanium dioxide was selected as a photocatalyst for its chemical inertness, non-toxic character and low cost. In the present work Degussa P25 TiO2 photocatalyst was mostly used. In transient studies platinized TiO2 was also studied. The experimental research into PCO of following VOCs was undertaken: - methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) as the basic oxygenated motor fuel additive and, thus, a major non-biodegradable pollutant of groundwater; - tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) as the primary product of MTBE hydrolysis and PCO; - ethyl mercaptan (ethanethiol) as one of the reduced sulphur pungent air pollutants in the pulp-and-paper industry; - methylamine (MA) and dimethylamine (DMA) as the amino compounds often emitted by various industries. The PCO of VOCs was studied using a continuous-flow mode. The PCO of MTBE and TBA was also studied by transient mode, in which carbon dioxide, water, and acetone were identified as the main gas-phase products. The volatile products of thermal catalytic oxidation (TCO) of MTBE included 2-methyl-1-propene (2-MP), carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water; TBA decomposed to 2-MP and water. Continuous PCO of 4 TBA proceeded faster in humid air than dry air. MTBE oxidation, however, was less sensitive to humidity. The TiO2 catalyst was stable during continuous PCO of MTBE and TBA above 373 K, but gradually lost activity below 373 K; the catalyst could be regenerated by UV irradiation in the absence of gas-phase VOCs. Sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water were identified as ultimate products of PCO of ethanethiol. Acetic acid was identified as a photocatalytic oxidation by-product. The limits of ethanethiol concentration and temperature, at which the reactor performance was stable for indefinite time, were established. The apparent reaction kinetics appeared to be independent of the reaction temperature within the studied limits, 373 to 453 K. The catalyst was completely and irreversibly deactivated with ethanethiol TCO. Volatile PCO products of MA included ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and water. Formamide was observed among DMA PCO products together with others similar to the ones of MA. TCO for both substances resulted in the formation of ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water. No deactivation of the photocatalyst during the multiple long-run experiments was observed at the concentrations and temperatures used in the study. PCO of MA was also studied in the aqueous phase. Maximum efficiency was achieved in an alkaline media, where MA exhibited high fugitivity. Two mechanisms of aqueous PCO – decomposition to formate and ammonia, and oxidation of organic nitrogen directly to nitrite - lead ultimately to carbon dioxide, water, ammonia and nitrate: formate and nitrite were observed as intermediates. A part of the ammonia formed in the reaction was oxidized to nitrite and nitrate. This finding helped in better understanding of the gasphase PCO pathways. The PCO kinetic data for VOCs fitted well to the monomolecular Langmuir- Hinshelwood (L-H) model, whereas TCO kinetic behaviour matched the first order process for volatile amines and the L-H model for others. It should be noted that both LH and the first order equations were only the data fit, not the real description of the reaction kinetics. The dependence of the kinetic constants on temperature was established in the form of an Arrhenius equation.

Om det, som bör i achttagas, wid en stads anlägning

Julkaistu: Åbo : tryckt, hos directeruren och kongl. boktr. i Stor. förstendömet Finland, Jacob Merckell , [1753]

Alkuperäisen ulkoasutiedot: [1-2] 3-40 s. ; 4:o

Omistushistoria: Hh: A. R. Cederberg; H Reenpää: Ex libris Heikki Reenpää 1971

Populaarimusiikin tutkimuksen metodipotpuri

Kirjallisuutta

Kumpulan tiedekirjaston maantieteen monografiat

Maantieteen lainattavien monografioiden kokoelma sisältää 7288 (7.8.2007) nidettä. Kokoelma on luokiteltu UDK-luokituksen mukaisesti. Asiasanoituksessa on käytetty YSA:n asiasanoja sekä tarpeen vaatiessa vapaita asiasanoja. Kopioinnissa tulleita asiasanoja ei ole poistettu, vaan ne ovat käytössä (esim. Kongressin asiasanat). Monografiat ovat pääosin englannin-, suomen, saksan- ja ruotsinkielisiä. Kirjat ovat vapaasti käytettävissä ja lainattavissa. Laina-aika on 28 vuorokautta. Kokoelman kehittäjien tavoitteena on aina ollut korkeatasoinen maantieteen tieteellinen kokoelma, joka vastaa ainelaitoksen tutkijoiden, opettajien ja opiskelijoiden tarpeita. Laitoksen johto on pitänyt tärkeänä riittävää budjetointia hankinnan tarpeisiin. Hankintapäätökset on tehnyt tieteenalan asiantuntija, yleensä laitoksen johtaja yhteistyössä kirjaston kanssa. Käyttäjät ovat pääsääntöisesti olleet omalta ainelaitokselta, mutta tieteenalan luonteen vuoksi kokoelman käyttäjiä ovat myös lukuisten lähitieteiden tutkijat ja muut yksityishenkilöt. Maantieteen kokoelma sisältää myös laajan aluesuunnittelun kokoelman.

Kasvatustiede

Kartoituksessa mukana kasvatustieteen kaikki Tamcat-tietokantaan luetteloidut kokoelmat yliopiston kirjastossa; aihealueen hankintavastuu on Humanistis-kasvatustieteellisen osaston toimipaikoilla (Humanika ja Hämeenlinnan yksikkö). Kokoelmat kartoitettiin lukuunottamatta kurssikirjoja. Hämeenlinnan yksikössä on laajat kasvatustieteen ja didaktiikan monogratiakokoelmat (16060 nimekettä). Humanikan kokoelmassa (23120) painopistealueina ylin opetus (7108 nimekettä), opetussuunnitelmat ja didaktiikka (3523 nimekettä). Aikuiskasvatuksella (1689 nimekettä) historiallisesti tärkeä asema yliopistossa. Kokoelman pääkielet ovat suomi 46,6% ja englanti 34,8%. Julkaisuvuoden moodi molemmissa kokoelmissa 1980-1989 (29,5 %). Kokoelmasta 61 % julkaistu 1989 tai sitä ennen. Humanikan kokoelmasta oli 6.11.06 lainassa 14 % ja Hämeenlinnan yksikössä n. 10 %. Humanikan kokoelman nimekkeitä lainattu keskimäärin 2,16 kertaa (1991 jälkeen); Hämeenlinnan 1,57 kertaa. Hämeenlinnan yksikössä lainassa olevista didaktiikan kirjoista on 48 % v. 2000 jälkeen painettuja, vastaava luku Humanikassa on 37%. Humanikassa n. 550 nimekettä (pain. ennen v. 1960) on vain korttiluettelossa. Kokoelma sisältää kirjoja ja kausijulkaisuja, painopisten on painetussa aineistossa. Kokoelmaan hankitaan aineistoa kokoelmien kehittämisohjelman mukaisesti tutkimustasolla ja elektronista aineistoa priorisoiden. Kasvatustieteiden tiedekunnan tehtävänä on tutkia elinikäistä oppimista ja koulutusta ja tarjota siihen pohjautuvaa ylintä opetusta. Opetusalat: aikuiskasvatus (Suomen vanhin professuuri), kasvatustiede, varhaiskasvatus, aineenopettajankoulutus ja luokanopettajankoulutus. Laitokset: Kasvatustieteiden laitos, Tampereen yliopiston opettajankoulutuslaitos Tampereella ja Hämeenlinnassa. Hämeenlinnassa on kasvatustieteiden laitokseen kuuluva Ammattikasvatuksen tutkimus- ja koulutuskeskus, joka tuottaa myös tutkintoja.Tiedekunnan tutkinnot tohtorin, lisensiaatin ja maisterin tutkintojen lisäksi lastentarhanopettajan tutkinto. Opiskelijamäärä v. 2005 oli 1507 ( 9.5% kaikista); opettajamäärä 62 (3,4%).Tampereen opettajankoulutuslaitoksen Varhaiskasvatuksen yksikkö pitää yllä omaa laitoskirjastoa.

De lingvis igneis, qvam Christi redemtoris auxilio nixus

Invocatio: [Alpha et Omega].