101 resultados para Tie Line


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Abstract: Ulrike Meinhof's way to terrorism: the urban guerilla tactics as a means of political intervention

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Line converters have become an attractive AC/DC power conversion solution in industrial applications. Line converters are based on controllable semiconductor switches, typically insulated gate bipolar transistors. Compared to the traditional diode bridge-based power converters line converters have many advantageous characteristics, including bidirectional power flow, controllable de-link voltage and power factor and sinusoidal line current. This thesis considers the control of the lineconverter and its application to power quality improving. The line converter control system studied is based on the virtual flux linkage orientation and the direct torque control (DTC) principle. A new DTC-based current control scheme is introduced and analyzed. The overmodulation characteristics of the DTC converter are considered and an analytical equation for the maximum modulation index is derived. The integration of the active filtering features to the line converter isconsidered. Three different active filtering methods are implemented. A frequency-domain method, which is based on selective harmonic sequence elimination, anda time-domain method, which is effective in a wider frequency band, are used inharmonic current compensation. Also, a voltage feedback active filtering method, which mitigates harmonic sequences of the grid voltage, is implemented. The frequency-domain and the voltage feedback active filtering control systems are analyzed and controllers are designed. The designs are verified with practical measurements. The performance and the characteristics of the implemented active filtering methods are compared and the effect of the L- and the LCL-type line filteris discussed. The importance of the correct grid impedance estimate in the voltage feedback active filter control system is discussed and a new measurement-based method to obtain it is proposed. Also, a power conditioning system (PCS) application of the line converter is considered. A new method for correcting the voltage unbalance of the PCS-fed island network is proposed and experimentally validated.

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Diplomityön tavoitteena on rakentaa malli kohdeyrityksen yhden strategisen liiketoimintayksikön tuoteryhmänkohtaisten kannattavuuksien selvittämiseksi yli kokotoimitusketjun. Työssä on keskitytty vain välillisiin kustannuksiin ja välittömien kustannusten osalta on luotettu toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän antamiin tietoihin. Työn lähtökohtana ja teoreettisena viitekehikkona on toimintoperustainen kustannuslaskenta, jonka periaatteita noudattaen kannattavuusmalli rakennettiin. Mallin periaatteet on esitetty työssä mutta sen tuottamia tuloksia ei ole syvemmin analysoitu. Ongelma osoittautui haasteelliseksi ja tulosten verifiointi lähes mahdottomaksi käytettyjen subjektiivisten arvioiden ja ennalta odottamattomien välittömien tuotekustannusten suurten virheiden vuoksi. Työn johtopäätöksissä keskitytään sisäisen laskentatoimen kulttuurin kehittämiseen tuotekustannuslaskennan ja yleisen kustannusvalvonnan näkökulmasta kohdeyrityksessä.