Indoor Localization Solutions for a Marine Industry Augmented Reality Tool

In this report are described means for indoor localization in special, challenging circum-stances in marine industry. The work has been carried out in MARIN project, where a tool based on mobile augmented reality technologies for marine industry is developed. The tool can be used for various inspection and documentation tasks and it is aimed for improving the efficiency in design and construction work by offering the possibility to visualize the newest 3D-CAD model in real environment. Indoor localization is needed to support the system in initialization of the accurate camera pose calculation and auto-matically finding the right location in the 3D-CAD model. The suitability of each indoor localization method to the specific environment and circumstances is evaluated.

Interpreting marine benthic ecosystem functioning in coastal waters: validating the biological trait concept

Coastal areas harbour high biodiversity, but are simultaneously affected by rapid degradations of species and habitats due to human interactions. Such alterations also affect the functioning of the ecosystem, which is primarily governed by the characteristics or traits expressed by the organisms present. Marine benthic fauna is nvolved in numerous functions such as organic matter transformation and transport, secondary production, oxygen transport as well as nutrient cycling. Approaches utilising the variety of faunal traits to assess benthic community functioning have rapidly increased and shown the need for further development of the concept. In this thesis, I applied biological trait analysis that allows for assessments of a multitude of categorical traits and thus evaluation of multiple functional aspects simultaneously. I determined the functional trait structure, diversity and variability of coastal zoobenthic communities in the Baltic Sea. The measures were related to recruitment processes, habitat heterogeneity, large-scale environmental and taxonomic gradients as well as anthropogenic impacts. The studies comprised spatial scales from metres to thousands of kilometres, and temporal scales spanning one season as well as a decade. The benthic functional structure was found to vary within and between seagrass landscape microhabitats and four different habitats within a coastal bay, in papers I and II respectively. Expressions of trait categories varied within habitats, while the density of individuals was found to drive the functional differences between habitats. The findings in paper III unveiled high trait richness of Finnish coastal benthos (25 traits and 102 cateogries) although this differed between areas high and low in salinity and human pressure. In paper IV, the natural reduction in taxonomic richness across the Baltic Sea led to an overall reduction in function. However, functional richness in terms of number of trait categories remained comparatively high at low taxon richness. Changes in number of taxa within trait categories were also subtle and some individual categories were maintained or even increased. The temporal analysis in papers I and III highlighted generalities in trait expressions and dominant trait categories in a seagrass landscape as well as a “type organism” for the northern Baltic Sea. Some initial findings were made in all four papers on the role of common and rare species and traits for benthic community functioning. The findings show that common and rare species may not always express the same trait categories in relation to each other. Rare species in general did not express unique functional properties. In order to advance the understanding of the approach, I also assessed some issues concerning the limitations of the concept. This was conducted by evaluating the link between trait category and taxonomic richness using especially univariate measures. My results also show the need to collaborate nationally and internationally on safeguarding the utility of taxonomic and trait data. The findings also highlight the importance of including functional trait information into current efforts in marine spatial planning and biomonitoring.

Carte marine de la Mer Glaciale et la Sibérie septentrional

Kartta kuuluu A. E. Nordenskiöldin kokoelmaan

[Carte marine depuis le Cap de Bonne-Espérance jusqu'à Java]

Kartta kuuluu A. E. Nordenskiöldin kokoelmaan

Map illustrating the site of the harbours for the proposed Obi-railway : the soundings are all calculated in feet and are based upon the data of the Russian Marine Ministry : the underlined figures are soundings taken by the scooner Bakan, 1887

Kartta kuuluu A. E. Nordenskiöldin kokoelmaan

Plan du mouillage d'Onondar-Fiord (Islande) : dépôt général de la Marine

Kartta kuuluu A. E. Nordenskiöldin kokoelmaan

Value based pricing and marketing of marine engines

Objective of the thesis is to create a value based pricing model for marine engines and study the feasibility of implementing such model in the sales organization of a specific segment in the case company’s marine division. Different pricing strategies, concept of “value”, and how perceptions of value can be influenced through value based marketing are presented as theoretical background for the value based pricing model. Forbis and Mehta’s Economic Value to Customer (EVC) was selected as framework to create the value based pricing model for marine engines. The EVC model is based on calculating and comparing life-cycle costs of the reference product and competing products, thus showing the quantifiable value of the company’s own product compared to competition. In the applied part of the thesis, the components of the EVC model are identified for a marine diesel engine, the components are explained, and an example calculation created in Excel is presented. When examining the possibilities to implement in practice a value based pricing strategy based on the EVC model, it was found that the lack of precise information on competing products is the single biggest obstacle to use EVC exactly as presented in the literature. It was also found that sometimes necessary communication channels are missing and that there is simply a lack of interest from some clients and product end-users part to spend time on studying the life-cycle costs of the product. Information on the company’s own products is however sufficient and the sales force is capable to communicate to sufficiently high executive levels in the client organizations. Therefore it is suggested to focus on quantifying and communicating the company’s own value proposition. The dynamic nature of the business environment (variance in applications in which engines are installed, different clients, competition, end-clients etc.) means also that each project should be created its own EVC calculation. This is demanding in terms of resources needed, thus it is suggested to concentrate on selected projects and buyers, and to clients where the necessary communication channels to right levels in the customer organization are available. Finally, it should be highlighted that as literature suggests, implementing a value based pricing strategy is not possible unless the whole business approach is value based.

Sanaleikkien kääntäminen animaatiosarjassa South Park

Tässä tutkielmassa tarkastellaan sanaleikkien kääntämistä amerikkalaisen animaatiosarja South Parkin suomen- ja saksankielisissä DVD-tekstityksissä. Tutkielman tavoitteena on selvittää, miten hyvin sanaleikit säilyvät tekstityskäännöksessä, ja vaikuttaako tekstityskieli sanaleikkien säilymiseen. Tutkin, mitä eri sanaleikkityyppejä lähtö- ja kohdekielissä esiintyy, ja miten eri sanaleikkityyppejä on käännetty suomessa ja saksassa. Lisäksi vertailen, millaisia käännösstrategioita suomen- ja saksankielisissä tekstityksissä on käytetty sanaleikkien kääntämiseen. Tutkimusaineistona on South Parkin kolmelta tuotantokaudelta kerätyt englanninkieliset sanaleikit ja niiden suomen- ja saksankieliset käännökset. Tutkimuksen sanaleikit jaetaan kielellisten ominaisuuksien perusteella viiteen yläkategoriaan, jotka jakautuvat yhteensä neljääntoista alakategoriaan. Sanaleikit perustuvat joko fonetiikkaan (homofonia, paronymia ja foneettinen jäljittely), morfologiaan (yhdistellyt sanat, keksityt sanat, sananmukaisuus ja sanarajoilla leikittely), semantiikkaan (homonymia, polysemia, kaksikieliset sanaleikit ja sanojen väärinkäyttö), syntaksiin (syntaktinen homonymia) tai pragmatiikkaan (muunnellut alluusiot ja sanonnat sekä kuva tukee yhtä tulkintaa). Lisäksi osassa sanaleikeissä yhdistyy useampi sanaleikkityyppi. Englanninkielisestä tutkimusaineistosta löytyi yhteensä 58 sanaleikkiä, joista oli säilynyt suomenkieliseen tekstitykseen 36 ja saksankieliseen 34. Näin ollen alkuperäisestä sanaleikkimäärästä säilyi suomenkielisiin tekstityksiin 62,1 %, ja saksankielisiin 58,6 %. Oletuksenani oli, että sanaleikeistä häviäisi noin puolet, joten hypoteesini toteutui. Ero suomen ja saksan välillä on kuitenkin niin pieni, ettei sen perusteella voida vetää johtopäätöstä siitä, onko kohdekielellä ollut merkitystä sanaleikkien käännettävyyteen. Saksan ja englannin kielisukulaisuus ei vaikuttanut vastoin ennakko-odotuksia suuresti sanaleikkien säilymiseen, eikä myöskään sillä ollut merkitystä, mitä käännösmetodia – tekstitystä vai dubbausta – kohdekulttuurissa yleensä käytetään. Sitä vastoin sanaleikkityyppi vaikutti tutkituissa kohdekielissä sanaleikkien käännettävyyteen. Tutkimusaineistossa käytettyjä käännösstrategioita oli yhteensä kuusi. Tutkimuksestani selvisi, että strategioiden määrät ja suhteelliset osuudet jakaantuivat hyvin samalla tavalla molemmissa kielissä. Sekä suomessa että saksassa yleisin käännösstrategia oli sanaleikkityypin säilyttäminen, ja toiseksi eniten oli käytetty sanaleikin sivuuttamista. Kolmanneksi käytetyin käännösstrategia molemmissa kielissä oli sanaleikin korvaaminen retorisella tehokeinolla. Sanaleikin kopiointi oli saksassa neljänneksi ja suomessa viidenneksi yleisin käännösstrategia, ja sanaleikkityypin muuttaminen suomessa neljänneksi ja saksassa viidenneksi käytetyin käännösstrategia. Sanaleikkikohdan poisto oli suomenkielisissä tekstityksissä vähiten käytetty käännösstrategia, ja saksassa sitä ei ollut käytetty kertaakaan.

GIS-based approach for optimization of onshore wind park infrastructure alignment in Finland

Wind power is a rapidly developing, low-emission form of energy production. In Fin-land, the official objective is to increase wind power capacity from the current 1 005 MW up to 3 500–4 000 MW by 2025. By the end of April 2015, the total capacity of all wind power project being planned in Finland had surpassed 11 000 MW. As the amount of projects in Finland is record high, an increasing amount of infrastructure is also being planned and constructed. Traditionally, these planning operations are conducted using manual and labor-intensive work methods that are prone to subjectivity. This study introduces a GIS-based methodology for determining optimal paths to sup-port the planning of onshore wind park infrastructure alignment in Nordanå-Lövböle wind park located on the island of Kemiönsaari in Southwest Finland. The presented methodology utilizes a least-cost path (LCP) algorithm for searching of optimal paths within a high resolution real-world terrain dataset derived from airborne lidar scannings. In addition, planning data is used to provide a realistic planning framework for the anal-ysis. In order to produce realistic results, the physiographic and planning datasets are standardized and weighted according to qualitative suitability assessments by utilizing methods and practices offered by multi-criteria evaluation (MCE). The results are pre-sented as scenarios to correspond various different planning objectives. Finally, the methodology is documented by using tools of Business Process Management (BPM). The results show that the presented methodology can be effectively used to search and identify extensive, 20 to 35 kilometers long networks of paths that correspond to certain optimization objectives in the study area. The utilization of high-resolution terrain data produces a more objective and more detailed path alignment plan. This study demon-strates that the presented methodology can be practically applied to support a wind power infrastructure alignment planning process. The six-phase structure of the method-ology allows straightforward incorporation of different optimization objectives. The methodology responds well to combining quantitative and qualitative data. Additional-ly, the careful documentation presents an example of how the methodology can be eval-uated and developed as a business process. This thesis also shows that more emphasis on the research of algorithm-based, more objective methods for the planning of infrastruc-ture alignment is desirable, as technological development has only recently started to realize the potential of these computational methods.