Ammatillisen osaamisen tukeminen muuttuvissa toimintaympäristöissä : tutkimus ikääntyvien työntekijöiden näkökulmasta

The purpose of the study was to describe the experiences of received support of aging employees and their work related self-image in changing working environments. Firstly, theaim was to discover how the support from organisations and leaders was verified. Secondly, the aim was to get answers how employees experienced themselves as workers and as learners in the current work context. Thirdly, the aim was to compare different knowledge information stages and company cultures and how they have influenced the experiences of professional competence development among aging employees. In addition the education- and career backgrounds were investigated to gain more understanding of their role in experiencing support and relation to the occupational self-image. The theoretical frame of reference of this researchis multidisciplinary. The theoretical part focuses on the meaning of work for human being from a sociological, late-modern perspective. On the other hand it examines the ageing process from a physiological and also from a perspective of age discrimination and life control. The occupational selfimage and the strength of motivation has an effect on learning in working life which is crucial and firmpart individual trajectories. According to the theoretical review company culture, leadership and especially the managers' role as a creator of a learning atmosphere are increasingly critical for aging adults' learning when the role of informal work-based learning is increasing. The empirical data was collected with aquestionnaire and interviews, which were carried out in May to October 2001. The data consists of 263 respondents of which further eight persons were interviewed. All respondents were over the age of 45 and represented all levels of their organisations in an IT-technology firm and a chemical industry plant. The central findings in this research show that the aging adults have experienced that theemployers do care about the development of their occupational skills. On the other hand there are fewer concrete activities to reveal this support. There is anobvious disproportion between the expressed aims and the realisation of the activities. Signs of age discrimination are few. The style of management has becomemore supporting for self directed activities which are seen to support adults learning. Higher education and individual activity to seek possibilities to learnwere encouraging the development of occupational skills. Age itself was not a crucial aspect when comparing the experiences among younger (45-54 years) and older (55-64 years) groups. Job satisfaction and professional self esteem seemed tobe considerably strong. The individual characteristics were more important elements in developing occupational skills than the age. The degree of anxiety at work was low. In addition among the older group the strong feeling of coherence and the occupational self image were significant for supporting the professional competence. The motivation to learn was also stable. Among the seniors there was some slight evidence of declining motivation. In the IT-firm the support was experienced stronger for aging employees than in the chemical industry plant. Thosewho had experienced support in the chemical industry plant had higher educational background than the others. In IT-firm they also experienced more support from the manager than in the chemical industry plant. The results show that it is more likely that the differences are caused mostly by the stage of information intensity and the character of company culture which is determined by the activities. IT-business demands constantly accommodation to changes and the chemical industry plant which is representing more traditional business field, where the atmosphere of learning is determined by the traditions of company culture, the changes are carried out slowly.

Tuulivoimageneraattorin konseptisuunnittelu

Tämä diplomityö käsittelee tuulivoimageneraattorin konseptisuunnittelua. Työssä käydään läpi tuulivoimateollisuuden, -markkinoiden ja -turbiinien historiaa, nykyhetkeä ja tulevaisuuden ennusteita. Tuulivoimaturbiineista esitellään yleisimmät tyypit ja teknologiat, joita vertaillaan keskenään. Lisäksi selvitetään tarkemmin suoravetoisten tuuliturbiinigeneraattoreiden teknologiaa ja teknisiä rakenteita joita myös vertaillaan keskenään. Työn pääasiallisena tarkoituksena on luoda selkeä konseptisuunnitteluprojektin toimintamalli, jota noudattamalla projekti voidaan hoitaa johdonmukaisesti läpi. Lopuksi työssä vielä käydään läpi suoravetoisen kestomagneettigeneraattorin todellinen konseptisuunnitteluprojekti, jossa ei ole ollut käytössä selkeää toimintamallia.

Applications of augmented reality for sales in apparel industry in Russia

The sustainable growth of video interactivity technologies on different platforms in the lasts years opens good prospects for augmented reality technology adoption on different markets. In the end of 2011 there was an improvement in technology which allows building the 3D model of human body. Such an improvement could be used in apparel industry. The main goal of the study is to understand the level of acceptance of augmented reality as a technology on the Russian apparel market. For a more accurate investigation, a new model accounting for augmented reality characteristics, as well as for similarities and differences between online and offline customer behavior in apparel industry, was developed. As a result of the survey, the weights of different purchase intention factors for Russian consumer were found, and the information about Russian consumers’ preferences towards the augmented reality features in apparel market, especially in fitting time, real-time interaction and fitting quality peculiarities, was presented.

The nature of communication structures of university students in an international web-based computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) course

Communication, the flow of ideas and information between individuals in a social context, is the heart of educational experience. Constructivism and constructivist theories form the foundation for the collaborative learning processes of creating and sharing meaning in online educational contexts. The Learning and Collaboration in Technology-enhanced Contexts (LeCoTec) course comprised of 66 participants drawn from four European universities (Oulu, Turku, Ghent and Ramon Llull). These participants were split into 15 groups with the express aim of learning about computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL). The Community of Inquiry model (social, cognitive and teaching presences) provided the content and tools for learning and researching the collaborative interactions in this environment. The sampled comments from the collaborative phase were collected and analyzed at chain-level and group-level, with the aim of identifying the various message types that sustained high learning outcomes. Furthermore, the Social Network Analysis helped to view the density of whole group interactions, as well as the popular and active members within the highly collaborating groups. It was observed that long chains occur in groups having high quality outcomes. These chains were also characterized by Social, Interactivity, Administrative and Content comment-types. In addition, high outcomes were realized from the high interactive cases and high-density groups. In low interactive groups, commenting patterned around the one or two central group members. In conclusion, future online environments should support high-order learning and develop greater metacognition and self-regulation. Moreover, such an environment, with a wide variety of problem solving tools, would enhance interactivity.

Mitigating uncertainty in logistics outsourcing with ERP systems

Outsourcing is a common strategy for companies looking for cost savings and improvements in performance. This has been especially prevalent in logistics, where warehousing and transporting are typical targets for outsourcing. However, while the benefits from logistics outsourcing are clear on paper, there are several cases companies fail to reach these benefits. The most commonly cited reasons for this are poor information flow between the company and the third party logistics partner, and a lack of integration between the two partners. Uncertainty stems from lack of information, and it can cripple the whole outsourcing operation. This is where enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems step in, as they can have a significant role in improving the flow of information, and integration, which consequently mitigates uncertainty. The purpose of the study is to examine if ERP systems have an effect on a company's decision to outsource logistics operations. Along the rapid advancements in technology during the past decades, ERP systems have also evolved. Therefore, empirical research on the subject needs constant revision as it can quickly become outdated due to ERP systems having more advanced capabilities every year. The research was conducted using a qualitative single-case study of a Finnish manufacturing firm that had outsourced warehousing and transportation operations in the Swedish market. The empirical data was gathered with use of semi-structured interviews with three employees from the case company that were closely related to the outsourcing operation. The theoretical framework that was used to analyze the empirical data was based on Transaction Cost Economics theory. The results of the study were align with the theoretical framework, in that the ERP system of the case company was seen as an enabler for their logistics outsourcing operation. However, the full theoretical benefits from ERP systems concerning extended enterprise functionality and flexibility were not attained due to the case company having an older version of their ERP system. This emphasizes the importance of having up-to-date technology if you want to overcome the shortcomings of ERP systems in outsourcing situations.

Supporting employer branding by inbound marketing in Russia

The objective of this study is to understand how employer branding can be strategically supported by inbound marketing in Russia. Furthermore, the aim is to examine the special features of inbound marketing in Russia, as well as to learn what the most useful inbound marketing channels are in the Russian context. The theoretical background of this study is built from employer branding and inbound marketing literature. Inbound marketing is currently lacking a profound research on the topic and thus, this study contributes to the inbound marketing literature as well. The empirical data of this research is collected via three qualitative expert field interviews. The interviews were conducted between January and February 2014. Furthermore, a thematic content analysis was used in the process of analyzing the research results. Both the employer branding and inbound marketing are growing their importance in Russia. The results of this study suggest that a combination of employer branding and inbound marketing can bring companies competitive advantage over others in the Russian market. It is, however, crucial to first understand the peculiarities of the inbound marketing in Russia before taking it to the employer branding context. This study provides a framework for inbound marketing tools in Russia. The proposed framework takes into careful consideration the cultural factors affecting the selection of the inbound marketing tools in Russia. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest how inbound marketing could be successfully combined with employer branding in Russia in order to strengthen the employer brands in the Russian market. However, these results are mainly applicable in the Russian context. Therefore, additional research is needed in order to understand the relationship between the employer branding and inbound marketing in other cultural settings or in particular fields of business.

Management of Soft Information in Sales and Operations Planning

With a Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) process, a company aims to manage the demand and supply by planning and forecasting. The studied company uses an integrated S&OP process to improve the company's operations. The aim of this thesis is to develop this business process by finding the best possible way to manage the soft information in S&OP, whilst also understanding the importance and types (assumptions, risks and opportunities) of soft information in S&OP. The soft information in S&OP helps to refine future S&OP planning, taking into account the uncertainties that affect the balance of the long-term demand and supply (typically 12-18 months). The literature review was used to create a framework for soft information management process in S&OP. There were not found a concrete way how to manage soft information in the existing literature. In consequence of the poor literature available the Knowledge Management literature was used as the base for the framework creation, which was seen in the very same type of information management like the soft information management is. The framework created a four-stage process to manage soft information in S&OP that included also the required support systems. First phase is collecting and acquiring soft information in S&OP, which include also categorization. The categorization was the cornerstone to identify different requirements that needs to be taken into consideration when managing soft information in S&OP process. The next phase focus on storing data, which purpose is to ensure the soft information is managed in a common system (support system) in a way that the following phase makes it available to users in S&OP who need by help of sharing and applications process. The last phase target is to use the soft information to understand assumptions and thoughts of users behind the numbers in S&OP plans. With this soft management process the support system will have a key role. The support system, like S&OP tool, ensures that soft information is stored in the right places, kept up-to-date and relevancy. The soft information management process in S&OP strives to improve the relevant soft information documenting behind the S&OP plans into the S&OP support system. The process offers an opportunity to individuals to review, comment and evaluate soft information in S&OP made by their own or others. In the case company it was noticed that without a properly documented and distributed soft information in S&OP it was seen to cause mistrust towards the planning.

Influence of Pulsed-Electric Field Irradiation in Crystallization

The growing pharmaceutical interest, among others, in the polymorphic composition of the emerging solid end-products from production processes has been traced to the need for attainment of high product purity. This is more so as the presence of different polymorphs may constitute physical impurity of the product. Hence, the need for optimization of the yield of desired product component(s) through controlled crystallization kinetics for instance. This study was carried out to investigate the impact of pulsed electric field (PEF) irradiation on the crystal morphology of glycine obtained by cooling crystallization (without seeding) from commercial glycine sample in distilled deionized water solution. In doing so, three different pulse frequencies (294, 950 and 145 Hz) and a case without PEF were studied at three cooling rates (5, 10 and 20 ºC/h). The crystal products obtained were analyzed for polymorphic composition by powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy while the particles characterization was done on Morphologi G3. The results obtained from this study showed that pulsed electric field irradiation had significant impact on metastability of the aqueous solution as well as on the polymorphic composition of the end product. With increasing PEF frequency applied, nucleation started earlier and the γ-glycine polymorph content of the product crystals increased. These were found to have been aided by cooling rate, as the most significant effect was observed at 5 ºC/h. It was also discovered that PEF application had no measurable impact on the pH of the aqueous solution as well as the size distribution of the particles. Cooling on the contrary was believed to be responsible for the broadening of the particle size distribution with a downward shift of the lower limit of the raw material from about 100 μm to between 10 and 50 μm.

Contemporary marketing in the high-tech industry: Perceptions of Finnish IT marketing professionals

Over the last 30 years, new technologies and globalization have radically changed the way in which marketing is conducted. However, whereas their effects on business in general have been widely discussed, the focus of the effects on marketing remains without clear recognition. Global research has been made to shed light onto the issue, but it has widely concentrated on the views of executives as well as the consumer markets. In addition, a research gap is existent in applying the concept of marketing change in a specific business-to-business (B2B) industry. Therefore, the main research question this study seeks to answer is: “How is contemporary marketing conducted in the high-technology industry?” In this research, the researcher considers the specific industry of high-technology. However, as the industry is comprised of differing markets, the focus will be given to one of the industry’s prime sectors – the information technology (IT) markets, where companies offer other firms products or services manufactured with advanced technology. The growing IT-market is considered of critical importance in the economies of technologically ready countries such as Finland, where this research is also conducted. Through multiple case studies the researcher aims to describe how the changes in technology, customer engagement and future trends have shaped the way in which successful high-tech marketing is conducted in today’s marketplace. Then, results derived from the empirical research are presented to the reader with links to existing literature. As a conclusion, a generalized framework is constructed to depict and ideal marketer-customer relationship, with emphasis on dynamic, two-way communication and its supporting elements of customer analytics, change adaptation, strategic customer communication and organizational support. From a managerial point of view, the research may provide beneficial information as contemporary marketing can yield profitable outcomes if managed correctly. As a new way to grasp competitive advantage, strategic marketing is much more data-driven and customer-focused than ever before. The study can also prove to be relevant for the academic communities, while its results may act as inspiring for new focus on the education trends of future marketers. This study was limited to the internal activities done at the high-tech industry, leaving out the considerations for co-marketing, marketing via business partners or marketing at other B2B-industries.

Generative Part-Based Gabor Object Detector

Object detection is a fundamental task of computer vision that is utilized as a core part in a number of industrial and scientific applications, for example, in robotics, where objects need to be correctly detected and localized prior to being grasped and manipulated. Existing object detectors vary in (i) the amount of supervision they need for training, (ii) the type of a learning method adopted (generative or discriminative) and (iii) the amount of spatial information used in the object model (model-free, using no spatial information in the object model, or model-based, with the explicit spatial model of an object). Although some existing methods report good performance in the detection of certain objects, the results tend to be application specific and no universal method has been found that clearly outperforms all others in all areas. This work proposes a novel generative part-based object detector. The generative learning procedure of the developed method allows learning from positive examples only. The detector is based on finding semantically meaningful parts of the object (i.e. a part detector) that can provide additional information to object location, for example, pose. The object class model, i.e. the appearance of the object parts and their spatial variance, constellation, is explicitly modelled in a fully probabilistic manner. The appearance is based on bio-inspired complex-valued Gabor features that are transformed to part probabilities by an unsupervised Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). The proposed novel randomized GMM enables learning from only a few training examples. The probabilistic spatial model of the part configurations is constructed with a mixture of 2D Gaussians. The appearance of the parts of the object is learned in an object canonical space that removes geometric variations from the part appearance model. Robustness to pose variations is achieved by object pose quantization, which is more efficient than previously used scale and orientation shifts in the Gabor feature space. Performance of the resulting generative object detector is characterized by high recall with low precision, i.e. the generative detector produces large number of false positive detections. Thus a discriminative classifier is used to prune false positive candidate detections produced by the generative detector improving its precision while keeping high recall. Using only a small number of positive examples, the developed object detector performs comparably to state-of-the-art discriminative methods.

Customer Discovery and Customer Validation in Lean Software Startups

The traditional business models and the traditionally successful development methods that have been distinctive to the industrial era, do not satisfy the needs of modern IT companies. Due to the rapid nature of IT markets, the uncertainty of new innovations‟ success and the overwhelming competition with established companies, startups need to make quick decisions and eliminate wasted resources more effectively than ever before. There is a need for an empirical basis on which to build business models, as well as evaluate the presumptions regarding value and profit. Less than ten years ago, the Lean software development principles and practices became widely well-known in the academic circles. Those practices help startup entrepreneurs to validate their learning, test their assumptions and be more and more dynamical and flexible. What is special about today‟s software startups is that they are increasingly individual. There are quantitative research studies available regarding the details of Lean startups. Broad research with hundreds of companies presented in a few charts is informative, but a detailed study of fewer examples gives an insight to the way software entrepreneurs see Lean startup philosophy and how they describe it in their own words. This thesis focuses on Lean software startups‟ early phases, namely Customer Discovery (discovering a valuable solution to a real problem) and Customer Validation (being in a good market with a product which satisfies that market). The thesis first offers a sufficiently compact insight into the Lean software startup concept to a reader who is not previously familiar with the term. The Lean startup philosophy is then put into a real-life test, based on interviews with four Finnish Lean software startup entrepreneurs. The interviews reveal 1) whether the Lean startup philosophy is actually valuable for them, 2) how can the theory be practically implemented in real life and 3) does theoretical Lean startup knowledge compensate a lack of entrepreneurship experience. A reader gets familiar with the key elements and tools of Lean startups, as well as their mutual connections. The thesis explains why Lean startups waste less time and money than many other startups. The thesis, especially its research sections, aims at providing data and analysis simultaneously.

Globalization of pharmaceutical R&D. Pharmaceutical R&D governance forms in People's Republic of China

Yrityksen selviytyminen ja menestyminen ovat riippuvaisia sen kyvystä innovoida, luoda tietoa ja hyödyntää tietämystä ja keksintöjä (Dunk ja Kilgore 2001). Yrityksen menestyminen erityisesti korkean teknologian alalla on siten suoraan riippuvainen sen T&T:stä, johon tehdyt investoinnit tuovat merkittäviä taloudellisia etuja yritykselle uusien tuotteiden, palveluiden ja prosessien muodossa (McEvily ja Chakravarthy 1999). Teknologinen etumatka ja sen tuotteistaminen innovatiivisiksi tarjoamiksi mahdollistaa monopolististen etujen saavuttamisen yrityksen kansainvälisessä kilpailussa (Lall 1977). Tämä kaltainen kilpailuetu voidaan saavuttaa yrityksen kyvyllä yhdistää maantieteellisesti hajautettu T&T:nsä tehokkaaksi verkostoksi (Porter 1986). Boehen (2008) mukaan T&T:n globalisoitumista voidaan johtaa eri hallintömuodoilla: T&T:n kansainvälistymisellä, T&T:n ulkomaille sijoittamisella ja T&T ulkomaille ulkoistamisella. T&T:n globalisoituminen on osa 2000-luvun taloudellista muutosta, ja sille on esitetty useita vaikuttavia tekijöitä, kuten kustannuserot, työvoimaresurssit, erityisosaamiskeskukset, paikallinen teknologia osaaminen ja kohdemarkkinoiden potentiaali (bardhan 2006; Norwood, ym. 2006; von Zedtwitz ja Gassmann 2002). Tutkimuksen on osoitettu eroavan tuotekehityksestä ja eri tekijöiden on osoitettu vaikuttavan niihin (von Zedtwitz ja Gassmann 2002; Leifer ja Triscari 1987). Samoin T&T on osoitettu olevan jatkumo perustavanlaatuisesta soveltavaan ja lääkekehityksen muodostavan vastaavan T&T jatkumon (Lall 1980; Iansiti 1993), jonka yksittäiset osat vaikuttavat sen hallintomuotoon. Tutkimus esittää eri tekijöitä voivan hyödyntää hallintomuodosta riippuen. Tätä tutkimusta varten tutkija haastatteli lääketeollisuuden johtajia Kiinassa vahvistaakseen tai hylätäkseen eri tekijöitä ja niiden suhdetta lääketeollisen T&T:n hallintomuotoihin. Markkinoiden todettiin olevan ensisijainen tekijä mutta myös kustannuserojen, insentiivien, työvoimaresurssien ja erityisosaamiskeskusten merkitys T&T:n globalisoitumiseen vaikuttavina tekijöinä vahvistettiin yhdessä perusvaatimusten ja riskitekijöiden kanssa. Tutkimuksessa vahvistetaan myös lääketeollisen T&T-jatkumon vaikutus ja esitetään viitekehys hallintomuodoille.

Globalization of pharmaceutical R&D Pharmaceutical R&D governance forms in People's Republic of China

Firm's survival and success, which are dependent on its ability to innovate, to create knowledge and to capitalize on inventions and know-how, is in essence directly linked to its R&D process (Dunk and Kilgore 2001). Especially in technology driven industries, such as the pharmaceuticals, there are significant positive returns to R&D investments through introduction of new or improved products and services (McEvily and Chakravarthy 1999). Technological lead and its transformation to innovative products as fruits of corporate R&D can be seen as monopolistic advantage that helps enterprises to compete in today’s market (Lall 1977). This competitive advantage can be derived from corporation's ability to integrate its activities across geographic locations (Porter 1986). According to Boehe (2008) globalization of R&D can executed with different governance forms: R&D internationalization, R&D offshoring or R&D offshore outsourcing. Globalization of R&D is intervened with the changes in global economy of the 21st century. Some studies argue for its influencing factors to be access to vast skilled labor pools and centers of excellence (Bardhan 2006). Other studies indicate the R&D cost differentials between countries to be the major expected benefit (Norwood et al. 2006). Von Zedtwitz and Gassmann (2002) presented benefits as divided to accessing markets and customers or to accessing local science and technology. This study proposes that based on governance form distinct factor derived benefits can be capitalized. To corroborate or refute factors and their relations on R&D globalization governance forms, an empirical study based on expert interviews of pharmaceutical directors was conducted in the People's Republic of China. The market was found to be the major influencing factor. Local requirements and adaptation were corroborated as factors connected with markets. Furthermore, influencing factors, such as labour, centers of excellence, cost, financial incentives were corroborated together with conditional and risk factors. Furthermore this research argues that the globalization of pharmaceutical R&D is dependent on the financial, scientific and operational requirements of the drug discovery stage. And thus establishes the influence of drug discovery's stages continuum on pharmaceutical R&D globalization. Finally, a R&D globalization governance form decision framework is proposed based on the frameworks presented in literature and author's corroborated empirical findings.

MULTIMEDIATIETOPANKKI VERKOSSA

Työ käsittelee multimediatietopankin tietosisällön hallintaa ja kehittämistä. Multimediatietopankki verkossa –projektissa multimediatietopankilla tarkoitetaan vuorovaikutteista ja sisältörikasta liikkuvan ja staattisen kuvan (video, animaatio, valokuvat, 3D, grafiikka), äänten (musiikki ja muut äänet) ja tietokantojen yhdistelmää. Sisällön eri osa-alueet ja vuorovaikutteisuus tukevat kokonaisuutta, jolla on oma viestinnällinen tarkoituksensa. Tätä kokonaistoteutusta levitetään www:n, digitaalitelevision ja mobiililaitteiden välityksellä loppukäyttäjälle. Multimedia- ja matkaviestinteknologioiden nopea kehitys antaa mahdollisuuden kehittää uusia palveluja. Erilaisiin päätelaitteisiin ja vaihteleviin ympäristöihin tarkoitettujen helppokäyttöisten multimedia- ja mobiilipalvelujen kysyntä on jatkuvassa kasvussa. Multimediatietopankkiprojektissa esitetään kuinka multimediapalveluita voidaan toteuttaa integroidussa ympäristössä. Integroidulla ympäristöllä tässä työssä tarkoitetaan Internetin, mobiilien palvelujen, WAP:in, kämmentietokoneen, digitaalisen television sekä uusien multimediakännyköiden käyttöä multimediatietopankin tarjoamien palvelujen välittämisessä. Projekti on jaettu yksittäisiin lukuihin, joissa tarkoituksena on syventää multimediatietopankin yksityiskohtia sisällön tuottamisessa teknologian näkökannalta. Multimediatietokannan toteutuksessa mallinnetaan palvelun sisältö tietokantaan XHTML-muodossa mediaolioiden sisään sekä tallennetaan tietopankin metatietoa multimediarelaatiotietokantaan, josta on mahdollista hakea tietoa minkä tahansa päätelaitteen kyselyjen avulla.Tässä työssä keskitytään multimediatietokannan hallintajärjestelmän tehtäviin ja rakenteeseen, siihen miten multimediadata tallennetaan tietokantaan sekä siihen miten tietokannassa olevaa metatietoa haetaan käyttäen tietokannassa kehitettyjä hakumenetelmiä.

Projektisalkkunäkymät teknologiaohjelman päätöksenteon tukena

Tämän diplomityön tavoitteena on kuvata Teknologian kehittämiskeskuksen (Tekes) teknologiaohjelmien päätöksentekoa sekä kehittää teknologiaohjelman päätöksentekoa tukevia tiedon esittämistapoja eli projektisalkkunäkymiä. Työssä käytettiin laadullista tutkimusotetta. Työn toteuttamisessa noudatettiin osallistuvan havainnoinnin toiminta-tutkimuksen periaatteita. Siinä tutkija itse osallistuu havaitun tutkimusongelman ratkaisuun yhdessä tutkimuskohteensa kanssa. Tämän työn empiirinen aineisto kerättiin vuoden 2002 ja 2003 aikana toteutetun teknologiaohjelman ohjaustyökalun pilotointiprojektin yhteydessä. Pilotointiprojektin aikana tehdyt havainnot ja kehittämistyön kuvaus ja tulokset on koottu työn empiriassa esiteltyihin analyyseihin, johtopäätöksiin sekä jatkotoimenpide-ehdotuksiin. Työn tutkimustuloksina voidaan esittää, että teknologiaohjelman päätöksenteko perustuu ohjelman nykytilaan, tulevaisuuteen, projektien hyödyntämispotentiaaliin, haastavuuteen sekä verkottumiseen liittyvien tietojen tarkasteluun. Päätöksenteko jakaantuu ohjelmaorganisaation edustajien johtoryhmän, ohjelmapäällikön ja teknologia-asiantuntijan kesken. Heillä on päätöksentekoon, kommentointiin, esittelyyn sekä tiedoksisaantiin liittyviä rooleja. Nykyisin teknologiaohjelmien päätöksentekokäytännöt vaihtelevat ohjelmittain hyvinkin paljon. Päätöksentekoon kaivataan systematiikkaa sekä objektiivisuutta. Pilotointiprojektissa saatujen kokemusten perusteella visualisoidut projektisalkkunäkymät antavat teknologiaohjelmien päätöksenteolle kaivattua tukea. Salkkunäkymien avulla voidaan tarkastella ohjelman nykytilaa, tulevaisuutta, verkottumista, riskejä sekä tuotto-odotuksia. Salkkunäkymien tuottamisen helpottamiseksi tulisi edelleen kehittää projektikohtaisen tiedon keräämistapoja sekä projektisalkun hallinta-prosesseja.