THE ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN CREATING SUSTAINABILITY VALUE FOR FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2020 : a scenario planning approach

The growing importance of global sustainability issues has been causing many changes to the financial services industry. Facts such as climate change, social development and the financial crisis in 2008 have been making banks reconsider the manner that they consider environmental, social and economic factors in their decision-making process. At the same time, information technology (IT) has been transforming the financial service industry and its fast development has casted doubts on the way it should be managed within an organization. This current changing environment brings a number of uncertainties to the future that cannot be addressed using traditional forecasting techniques. This research investigates how IT can bring value to sustainability in the financial service industry in 2020. Through the use of a scenario planning technique, we analyzed how trends in the current environment (considering the relation between sustainability, financial institutions an IT) can lead to four different future scenarios. Then, we discussed how IT can improve a bank’s sustainability performance, considering the limitations of each scenario.

Improving alumni administration by self-built information system : building IMMIT connected' to enhance alumni connection

Alumni are considered as precious resource of the institutions, thus improving alumni adminis-tration is critical. In information era, alumni administration is assisted by widespread information technology, such as social network sites. This paper aims to discover if a self-built information sys-tem would enhance alumni connection in the IMMIT context, and what kind of attributes would be helpful applying to the special context. The current online alumni services at other universities and at the IMMIT host university are analyzed, and then social media is introduced. After illustrating the social capital existing in IM-MIT, the type of the self-built information system is suggested, following an interpretation of the prototype. Two research models are utilized in this article: TAM and intentional social action model. The second model is adjusted with proposed parameters. Afterwards, a survey and an interview protocol are designed under the guidance of the models. The results are analyzed in several groups, and the proposed parameters are tested. A conclusion is drawn to indicate how to improve alumni‟s intention to use and how to achieve a better-accepted design.

Finna - Opening Access to Cultural Heritage and Scientific Information

Aki Lassilan esitys Europeana työpajassa 20.11.2012 Helsingissä.

Kokemäenjoki-LIFE : Sosioekonominen selvitys vuonna 2012

LIFE Luonto-tukea maksetaan hankkeille, joilla ennallistetaan ja suojellaan uhanalaisia luontotyyppejä ja suojellaan kasvi- ja eläinlajeja Euroopan unionin alueella. LIFE Luonto -ohjelman tavoite on edistää lintudirektiivin ja luontodirektiivin täytäntöönpanoa. Siinä keskitytään koko EU:n kattavan Natura 2000 -verkoston alueella esiintyviin luontotyyppeihin ja lajeihin. EU:n LIFE Luonto rahaston puoliksi rahoittama Kokemäenjoki-LIFE on Varsinais-Suomen ELY-keskuksen vetämä Kokemäenjoen varressa sijaitsevien arvokkaiden luontokohteiden kunnostus- ja hoitohanke. Hankealueina ovat Satakunnassa sijaitsevat Pirilänkoski, Vanhakoski, Puurijärvi-Isosuo, Preiviikinlahti ja Kokemäenjoen suisto. Hanke keskittyy näiden Natura 2000 –verkostoon kuuluvien alueiden kunnostamiseen, hoitoon ja suojelun suunnitteluun vuosina 2006-2012. Tarkoituksena on edistää alueiden luontoarvojen säilymistä ja parantaa niiden virkistyskäyttömahdollisuuksia. Tässä julkaisussa vertaillaan alueella asuvien ja toimivien henkilöiden vuoden 2007 odotuksia siihen, miten nämä odotukset ovat viiden vuoden aikana toteutuneet. Ensimmäisellä kerralla kyselyyn vastasi 119 henkilöä ja toisella 84 henkilöä. Kysymykset oli suunniteltu ensimmäisellä kerralla siten, että ne voitiin nyt toistaa lähes sellaisinaan. Kysely lähetettiin toisella kerralla samojen intressi- ja harrastusryhmien edustajille kuin vuonna 2007. Vain muutama vastaaja ilmoitti vuoden 2012 kyselyssä hyötyvänsä taloudellisesti jostain Kokemäenjoki-LIFE hankealueesta tai muusta Kokemäenjoen alueella sijaitsevasta suojelualueesta. Vastaajien suosituimmat harrastukset kaikilla alueilla olivat jo aikaisemmassa tutkimuksessa luonnon tarkkailu ja siellä oleilu sekä vesillä ja luonnossa liikkuminen. Suosituimmat harrastukset vuonna 2012 olivat samat kuin vuonna 2007 ja ne voidaan käytännössä jakaa kahteen suurempaan ryhmään, virkistäytyjiin ja hyödyntäjiin. Verrattuna vuoden 2007 kyselyyn on hyödyntäjien prosenttiosuus hieman kasvanut (27 % vuonna 2007 vs. 37% nykyisin). Virkistäytyjät näkivät selvästi hankkeiden parantaneen heidän henkilökohtaisia harrastusmahdollisuuksiakun taas hyödyntäjät olivat sitä mieltä, että hankkeilla oli harrastusmahdollisuuksia rajoittava vaikutus. Hankepaikkakuntien talouteen ja työllisyyteen hankkeella ei juurikaan katsottu olevan sellaista suoraa vaikutusta, joka olisi ollut helposti todennettavissa. Yleisesti ottaen vastaajat kuitenkin olivat sitä mieltä, että hankkeella oli hankepaikkakunnilla hieman enemmänmyönteisiä kuin kielteisiä vaikutuksia. Yli puolet vastaajista oli sitä mieltä, ettei hankkeella ollut juurikaan vaikutusta hankepaikkakuntien yhteishenkeen ja yhteistyöhön. Vastaajien asenteet luonnonsuojelua kohtaan olivat pääsääntöisesti myönteisiä, eikä muutoksia vuoden 2007 näkemyksiin ole juurikaan havaittavissa. Vastauksissa kuvastuu selvästi tiedon ja tiedottamisen tarve, vain vajaa viidesosa vastanneista oli tyytyväinen nykyiseen. Tutkimuksia ei enää katsottu tarpeelliseksi lisätä. Intressiryhmien ja ylemmän tason toimijoiden haastatteluissa korostuu luontoalueiden virkistyskäyttö. Natura-alueet koetaan ensisijaisesti paikallisten virkistäytymisalueina, ei niinkään taloudellista hyötyä tuottavina matkailukohteina. Natura-prosessi on ollut pitkä eikä suojelun syitä ole maanomistajien mukaan selitetty perusteellisesti. Myös ympäristöviranomaisten tapaan olla yhteydessä maanomistajiin kaivataan parannusta. Henkilökohtaista yhteydenottoa ja kontaktia arvostetaan ja pidetään kirjettä parempanalähestymistapana. Kaikkien kunnanjohtajien mukaan yksi tärkeä syy lähteä mukaan Kokemäenjoki-LIFE -hankkeeseen on se, että kuntien varat yksinään eivät riitä suurien hankkeiden toteuttamiseen.

The case of web based information environment in web based weight management services

Abstrakti

Self-assessment report for international accreditation - Bachelor's and Master's degree programmes in Information Technology

Lappeenrannan teknillisen yliopiston Tietotekniikan kandidaatin ja maisterin tutkinto-ohjelmien itsearviointi toteutettiin v. 2012 kansainvälistä akkreditointia varten. Itsearviointiraportissa kuvataan tutkinto-ohjelmien tavoitteet, toteutus ja arviointimenettelyt sekä tulokset.

Open Environmental Information Upon Disclosure Request in China: The Paradox of Legal Mobilization

Taking a realist view that law is one form of politics, this dissertation studies the roles of citizens and organizations in mobilizing the law to request government agencies to disclose environmental information in China, and during this process, how the socio-legal field interacts with the political-legal sphere, and what changes have been brought about during their interactions. This work takes a socio-legal approach and applies methodologies of social science and legal analysis. It aims to understand the paradox of why and how citizens and entities have been invoking the law to access environmental information despite the fact that various obstacles exist and the effectiveness of the new mechanism of environmental information disclosure still remains low. The study is largely based on the 28 cases and eight surveys of environmental information disclosure requests collected by the author. The cases and surveys analysed in this dissertation all occurred between May 2008, when the OGI Regulations and the OEI Measures came into effect, and August 2012 when the case collection was completed. The findings of this study have shown that by invoking the rules of law made by the authorities to demand government agencies disclosing environmental information, the public, including citizens, organizations, law firms, and the media, have strategically created a repercussive pressure upon the authorities to act according to the law. While it is a top-down process that has established the mechanism of open government information in China, it is indeed the bottom-up activism of the public that makes it work. Citizens and organizations’ use of legal tactics to push government agencies to disclose environmental information have formed not only an end of accessing the information but more a means of making government agencies accountable to their legal obligations. Law has thus played a pivotal role in enabling citizen participation in the political process. Against the current situation in China that political campaigns, or politicization, from general election to collective actions, especially contentious actions, are still restrained or even repressed by the government, legal mobilization, or judicialization, that citizens and organizations use legal tactics to demand their rights and push government agencies to enforce the law, become de facto an alternative of political participation. During this process, legal actions have helped to strengthen the civil society, make government agencies act according to law, push back the political boundaries, and induce changes in the relationship between the state and the public. In the field of environmental information disclosure, citizens and organizations have formed a bottom-up social activism, though limited in scope, using the language of law, creating progressive social, legal and political changes. This study emphasizes that it is partial and incomplete to understand China’s transition only from the top-down policy-making and government administration; it is also important to observe it from the bottom-up perspective that in a realistic view law can be part of politics and legal mobilization, even when utterly apolitical, can help to achieve political aims as well. This study of legal mobilization in the field of environmental information disclosure also helps us to better understand the function of law: law is not only a tool for the authorities to regulate and control, but inevitably also a weapon for the public to demand government agencies to work towards their obligations stipulated by the laws issued by themselves.

Fragmenta Membranea Project 2009 – 2012

Reports and Studies 1 / 2014

Datenherrschaft – an Ethically Justified Solution to the Problem of Ownership of Patient Information

Patient information systems are crucial components for the modern healthcare and medicine. It is obvious that without them the healthcare cannot function properly – one can try to imagine how brain surgery could be done without using information systems to gather and show information needed for an operation. Thus, it can be stated that digital information is irremovable part of modern healthcare. However, the legal ownership of patient information lacks a coherent and justified basis. The whole issue itself is actually bypassed by controlling pa- tient information with different laws and regulations how patient information can be used and by whom. Nonetheless, the issue itself – who owns the patient in- formation – is commonly missed or bypassed. This dissertation show the problems if the legislation of patient information ownership is not clear. Without clear legislation, the outcome can be unexpected like it seems to be in Finland, Sweden and United Kingdom: the lack of clear regulation has come up with unwanted consequences because of problematic Eu- ropean Union database directive implementation in those countries. The legal ownership is actually granted to the creators of databases which contains the pa- tient information, and this is not a desirable situation. In healthcare and medicine, we are dealing with issues such as life, health and information which are very sensitive and in many cases very personal. Thus, this dissertation leans on four philosophical theories form Locke, Kant, Heidegger and Rawls to have an ethically justified basis for regulating the patient infor- mation in a proper way. Because of the problems of property and ownership in the context of information, a new concept is needed and presented to replace the concept of owning, that concept being Datenherrschaft (eng. mastery over in- formation). Datenherrschaft seems to be suitable for regulating patient infor- mation because its core is the protection of one’s right over information and this aligns with the work of the philosophers whose theories are used in the work. The philosophical argumentation of this study shows that Datenherrschaft granted to the patients is ethically acceptable. It supports the view that patient should be controlling the patient information about themselves unless there are such specific circumstance that justifies the authorities to use patient information to protect other people’s basic rights. Thus, if the patients would be legally grant- ed Datenherrschaft over patient information we would endorse patients as indi- viduals who have their own and personal experience of their own life and have a strong stance against any unjustified paternalism in healthcare. Keywords: patient information, ownership, Datenherrschaft, ethics, Locke, Kant, Heidegger, Rawls