Urheiluelämäämme on saatava keskinäinen sopu ja rauhallisen työn mahdollisuudet

Urho Kekkosen haast.

Nationella samlingspartiets 29.11.1975 Herr Ordförande

Kirje

J. K. Paasikivelle

Puhe J.K. Paasikiven 80 -vuotispäivillä 27.11.1950

Fil. tri Raoul Palmgren 17/5 1966

Kirje 17.5.1966

Kangasniemi 7.3.1940

Kirje

Development of a Ceramic Membrane Filtration Equipment and Its Applicability for Different Wastewaters

In this thesis the membrane filtration equipment for plate type ceramic membranes was developed based on filtration results achieved with different kinds of wastewaters. The experiments were mainly made with pulp and board mill wastewaters, but some experiments were also made with a bore well water and a stone cutting mine wastewater. The ceramicmembranes used were alpha-alumina membranes with a pore size of 100 nm. Some ofthe membranes were coated with a gamma-alumina layer to reduce the membrane pore size to 10 nm, and some of them were modified with different metal oxides in order to change the surface properties of the membranes. The effects of operationparameters, such as cross-flow velocity, filtration pressure and backflushing on filtration performance were studied. The measured parameters were the permeateflux, the quality of the permeate, as well as the fouling tendency of the membrane. A dynamic membrane or a cake layer forming on top of the membrane was observed to decrease the flux and increase separa-tion of certain substances, especially at low cross-flow velocities. When the cross-flow velocities were increased the membrane properties became more important. Backflushing could also be used to decrease the thickness of the cake layer and thus it improved the permeate flux. However, backflushing can lead to a reduction of retentions in cases where the cake layer is improving them. The wastewater quality was important for the thickness of the dynamic membrane and the membrane pore size influenced the permeate flux. In general, the optimization of operation conditions is very important for the successful operation of a membrane filtration system. The filtration equipment with a reasonable range of operational conditions is necessary, especiallywhen different kinds of wastewaters are treated. This should be taken into account already in the development stage of a filtration equipment.

Jousi-Mies : W. v. Wright

Tukhulmissa : Painettu M. G. Lundbergin Kirja-pajassa 1831

Sanojen ja puhunnosten minimikoosta

Keskustelun alku: Suomi // Virittäjä 2006, s. 260-263 ; jatkuu: Karlsson // Virittäjä 2006, s. 264

Turve, puu ja heinä yhdessä paras vaihtoehto

Keskustelua

Tranquillo

Soitinnus: piano, 4-kät.

De usu musices morali

Invocatio: I.N.J.

Historian opetuksen määrästä ja laadusta koulussa 1900-luvun jälkipuoliskolla : keskustelua

Keskustelua. Edelliset artikkelit: Historiallinen aikakuskirja. 98 (2000) : 2, s. 158 ; 98 (2000) : 3, s. 264.

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