245 resultados para Järviö, Nina


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Background: Approximately two percent of Finns have sequels after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and many TBI patients are young or middle-aged. The high rate of unemployment after TBI has major economic consequences for society, and traumatic brain injury often has remarkable personal consequences, as well. Structural imaging is often needed to support the clinical TBI diagnosis. Accurate early diagnosis is essential for successful rehabilition and, thus, may also influence the patient’s outcome. Traumatic axonal injury and cortical contusions constitute the majority of traumatic brain lesions. Several studies have shown magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to be superior to computed tomography (CT) in the detection of these lesions. However, traumatic brain injury often leads to persistent symptoms even in cases with few or no findings in conventional MRI. Aims and methods: The aim of this prospective study was to clarify the role of conventional MRI in the imaging of traumatic brain injury, and to investigate how to improve the radiologic diagnostics of TBI by using more modern diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) techniques. We estimated, in a longitudinal study, the visibility of the contusions and other intraparenchymal lesions in conventional MRI at one week and one year after TBI. We used DWI-based measurements to look for changes in the diffusivity of the normal-appearing brain in a case-control study. DTI-based tractography was used in a case-control study to evaluate changes in the volume, diffusivity, and anisotropy of the long association tracts in symptomatic TBI patients with no visible signs of intracranial or intraparenchymal abnormalities on routine MRI. We further studied the reproducibility of different tools to identify and measure white-matter tracts by using a DTI sequence suitable for clinical protocols. Results: Both the number and extent of visible traumatic lesions on conventional MRI diminished significantly with time. Slightly increased diffusion in the normal-appearing brain was a common finding at one week after TBI, but it was not significantly associated with the injury severity. Fractional anisotropy values, that represent the integrity of the white-matter tracts, were significantly diminished in several tracts in TBI patients compared to the control subjects. Compared to the cross-sectional ROI method, the tract-based analyses had better reproducibility to identify and measure white-matter tracts of interest by means of DTI tractography. Conclusions: As conventional MRI is still applied in clinical practice, it should be carried out soon after the injury, at least in symptomatic patients with negative CT scan. DWI-related brain diffusivity measurements may be used to improve the documenting of TBI. DTI tractography can be used to improve radiologic diagnostics in a symptomatic TBI sub-population with no findings on conventional MRI. Reproducibility of different tools to quantify fibre tracts vary considerably, which should be taken into consideration in the clinical DTI applications.

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Nina Hyvösen esitys Kuvailun tiedotuspäivillä Helsingissä 21.3.2013.

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Kirjallisuusarvostelu

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Väestön ikääntyminen pakottaa yhteiskunnan ja julkisen terveydenhuollon muutoksiin. Jotta ikääntyvien ihmisten kotona asuminen voidaan mahdollistaa, palvelujärjestelmän pitää mukautua muuttuvaan tilanteeseen. Tämän diplomityön tarkoituksena on tunnistaa asiakaslähtöisiä lähellä asiakasta tarjottavia palvelukokonaisuuksia. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehys muodostuu asiakasarvon luomisesta ja palvelutarjoamista. Tarkasteluryhmänä on Etelä-Karjalan alueen 60–90-vuotiaat ja käytetty aineisto on kerätty vastaajilta postitse lähetetyllä kyselyllä. Tutkimus on eksploratiivinen ja tulosten tulkinnassa on hyödynnetty määrällisen tutkimuksen ja verkostoanalyysin menetelmiä. Työn keskeisimmät tulokset ovat tunnistetut asiakassegmentit ja heidän tarpeidensa pohjalta muodostetut palvelupaketit. Tulokset indikoivat asiakkaiden tarpeita ja tuloksia on analysoitu myös tuottajan näkökulmasta. Empiiristen tulosten lisäksi teoriaviitekehystä on kehitetty eteenpäin, jotta palvelukeskeiset teoriat voidaan ymmärtää yritysten näkökulman lisäksi asiakkaan näkökulmasta.

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Kirjallisuusarvostelu

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Uudenmaan ympäristökeskus teki yhteistyössä Kirkkonummen kunnan kanssa Kalljärven perustilan selvityksen vuonna 2007. Projektia jatkettiin vuonna 2009 tekemällä kuormitusselvitys sekä siihen ja perustilan selvitykseen pohjautuva kunnostussuunnitelma. Kalljärvi on rehevä järvi, jonka ulkoinen kuormitus on alle kriittisen mutta yli sallitun tason. Kalljärvessä on myös sisäistä kuormitusta, happipitoisuus on talvisin alhainen ja kalasto on särkikalavaltainen. Lisäksi vesikasvillisuus aiheuttaa haittaa virkistyskäytölle. Ulkoista kuormitusta pitäisi vähentää, jotta järvessä tehtävät toimenpiteet tuottaisivat tulosta pitemmällä aikavälillä. Kalljärveen tulevasta laskennallisesta ulkoisesta fosforikuormituksesta suurin osa aiheutuu peltoviljelystä.Kalljärvelle suositellaan kalaston vinoutuneen rakenteen korjaamiseksi tehokalastuksen jatkamista ja kalastuksen säätelyä tarpeeksi suuren solmuvälin omaavilla verkoilla. Samoin kuhia voidaan istuttaa, jotta petokalakanta vahvistuisi. Kalljärven happipitoisuus on ollut 2000-luvulla talvisin alhainen. Kalljärvestä ehdotetaan otettavaksi lopputalvella happinäytteet, joiden avulla voidaan piirtää happiprofiili ja laskea mahdollinen hapetustarve. Tulosten perusteella voidaan varmistaa tarkempi hapetussuunnitelman tarve. Suunnitelmassa valitaan Kalljärvelle sopivin hapetuslaite ominaisuuksiensa ja hintansa perusteella, sekä valitaan hapettimen sijoituspaikka ja hapetusaika. Lisäksi suositellaan happimittarin hankintaa. Virkistyskäytön edistämiseksi Kalljärven vesikasvillisuutta voidaan niittää ottaen huomioon jokaiselle lajille annetut tarkemmat poisto-ohjeet. Vesikasvien niittäminen ei kuitenkaan ole suositeltavaa suuremmassa mittakaavassa, koska kasvillisuus vaimentaa tuulen ja aallokon järven pohjaa sekoittavaa vaikutusta.

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The aim of this dissertation is to bridge and synthesize the different streams of literature addressing ecosystem architecture through a multiple‐lens perspective. In addition, the structural properties of and processes to design and manage the architecture will be examined. With this approach, the oft‐neglected actor‐structure duality is addressed and both the position and structure, and action and process are under scrutiny. Further, the developed framework and empirical evidence offer valuable insights on how firms collectively create value and individually appropriate value. The dissertation is divided into two parts. The first part comprises a literature review, as well as the conclusions of the whole study, and the second part includes six research publications. The dissertation is based on three different reasoning logics: abduction, induction and deduction; related qualitative and quantitative methodologies are utilized in the empirical examination of the phenomenon in the information and communication technology industry. The results suggest firstly that there are endogenous and exogenous structural properties of the ecosystem architecture. Out of these, the former ones can be more easily influenced by a particular actor whereas the latter ones are taken more or less for granted. Secondly, the exogenous ecosystem design properties influence the value creation potential of the ecosystem whereas the endogenous ecosystem design properties influence the value appropriation potential of a particular actor in the ecosystem. Thirdly, the study suggests that there is a relationship between endogenous and exogenous structural properties in that the endogenous properties can be leveraged to create and reconfigure the exogenous properties whereas the exogenous properties prose opportunities and restrictions on the use of endogenous properties. In addition, the study suggests that there are different emergent and engineered processes to design and manage ecosystem architecture and to influence both the endogenous and exogenous structural properties of ecosystem architecture. This study makes three main contributions. First, on the conceptual level, it brings coherence and direction to the fast growing body of literature on novel inter‐organizational arrangements, such as ecosystems. It does this by bridging and synthetizing three different streams of literature, namely the boundary, design and orchestration conception. Secondly, it sets out a framework that enhances our understanding of the structural properties of ecosystem architecture; of the processes to design and manage ecosystem architecture; and of their influence on the value creation potential of the ecosystem and the value capture potential of a particular firm. Thirdly, it offers empirical evidence of the structural properties and processes.

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