64 resultados para Poland-China swine.
em Iowa Publications Online (IPO) - State Library, State of Iowa (Iowa), United States
Resumo:
In the decade of the 1990s, China’s feed sector became increasingly privatized, more feed mills opened, and the scale of operation expanded. Capacity utilization remained low and multi-ministerial supervision was still prevalent, but the feed mill sector showed a positive performance overall, posting a growth rate of 11 percent per year. Profit margin over sales was within allowable rates set by the government of China at 3 to 5 percent. Financial efficiency improved, with a 20 percent quicker turnover of working capital. Average technical efficiency was 0.805, as more efficient feed mills increasingly gained production shares. This study finds evidence that the increasing privatization explains the improved performance of the commercial feed mill sector. The drivers that shaped the feed mill sector in the 1990s have changed with China’s accession to the World Trade Organization. With the new policy regime in place, the study foresees that, assuming an adequate supply of soy meal and an excess capacity in the feed mill sector, it is likely that China will allow corn imports up to the tariff rate quota (TRQ) of 7.2 mmt since the in-quota rate is very low at 1 percent. However, when the TRQ is exceeded, the import duty jumps to a prohibitive out-quota rate of 65 percent. With an import duty for meat of only 10 to 12 percent, China would have a strong incentive to import meat products directly rather than bringing in expensive corn to produce meat domestically. This would be further reinforced if structural transformation in the swine sector would narrow the cost differential between domestic and imported pork.
Resumo:
This study tests the theory of rationing, examining changes in household consumption behavior during the transition to a market economy in Poland, 1987–92. A model of consumption under rationing is developed and fitted to prereform quarterly data from the Polish Household Budget Survey. Virtual prices, prices at which consumers would have voluntarily chosen the rationed levels of goods, are derived for food and housing. The prereform Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model with rationing is estimated. Estimates from the virtual AIDS yield plausible values for price and income elasticities. The AIDS model (without rationing) is also fitted to postreform quarterly household survey data for comparison and evaluation. When the two sets of results are compared, the impacts of rationing are consistent with the theory. Own-price elasticities for nonrationed goods are larger after the reform, and there is increased complementarity and decreased substitutability for the nonrationed goods. The results for Poland show a 75 percent decline in real household welfare over the transition and this welfare loss is one-third the value obtained using reported prices.
Resumo:
The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.
Resumo:
The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.
Resumo:
The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.
Resumo:
The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.
Resumo:
The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.
Resumo:
The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.
Resumo:
The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.
Resumo:
The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.
Resumo:
The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.
Resumo:
The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.
Resumo:
The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.
Resumo:
The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.
Resumo:
The imported swine court report monthly by the Department of Agricultural.
