L'éthique protestante dans la crise de la modernité. Généalogie, critique, reconstruction

L'éthicien Denis Müller présente ici une généalogie, une critique et une reconstruction théologique de l'éthique protestante. Dans un premier moment, l'auteur réfléchit à la transformation considérable qui semble affecter aujourd'hui la situation de l'éthique théologique. Dans un deuxième temps est abordée la problématique de la post-modernité dans sa dynamique de déconstruction qui affecte évidemment les modèles éthiques antérieurs. Dans une troisième partie, coeur de l'ouvrage, Denis Müller propose un modèle de reconstruction de l'éthique théologique où sont abordées des questions centrales pour toute sensibilité protestante et chrétienne: la tradition, la signification de l'herméneutique, l'usage de la Bible.

La Bible, une pomme de discorde?

(Résumé de l'ouvrage) Le protestantisme a-t-il un avenir? A-t-il toujours les moyens de ses ambitions fondatrices - réformer l'Eglise et faire résonner des accents prophétiques au-delà de ses frontières ? Le présent volume a pour but de dresser un état de la situation, d'examiner l'identité protestante sous l'angle de ses forces et de ses faiblesses, de se demander comment cette identité est susceptible de trouver sa place dans la situation actuellement en devenir. Le protestantisme n'est en effet plus ni ne peut plus être exactement ce qu'il était. Le monde autour de lui n'a cessé de changer et lui-même est passé par plusieurs mutations. Le problème de l'identité protestante s'esquisse désormais sur fond de modernité, voire de post-modernité - des étapes culturelles d'autant plus importantes que le protestantisme a directement participé à leur formation ou s'est constamment soucié d'en comprendre les incidences les plus décisives. Quels sont alors les risques, mais aussi les chances, de la tradition théologique et culturelle dont il est issu? Les contributions rassemblées ici explorent quelques aspects parmi les plus importants de cette problématique: la précarité, la morale, le rapport à la tradition, l'oecuménisme, le défi des images, etc.

Le protestantisme et son avenir

Le protestantisme a-t-il un avenir? A-t-il toujours les moyens de ses ambitions fondatrices - réformer l'Eglise et faire résonner des accents prophétiques au-delà de ses frontières ? Le présent volume a pour but de dresser un état de la situation, d'examiner l'identité protestante sous l'angle de ses forces et de ses faiblesses, de se demander comment cette identité est susceptible de trouver sa place dans la situation actuellement en devenir. Le protestantisme n'est en effet plus ni ne peut plus être exactement ce qu'il était. Le monde autour de lui n'a cessé de changer et lui-même est passé par plusieurs mutations. Le problème de l'identité protestante s'esquisse désormais sur fond de modernité, voire de post-modernité - des étapes culturelles d'autant plus importantes que le protestantisme a directement participé à leur formation ou s'est constamment soucié d'en comprendre les incidences les plus décisives. Quels sont alors les risques, mais aussi les chances, de la tradition théologique et culturelle dont il est issu? Les contributions rassemblées ici explorent quelques aspects parmi les plus importants de cette problématique: la précarité, la morale, le rapport à la tradition, l'oecuménisme, le défi des images, etc.

Multi-phase post-mortem CT angiography: development of a standardized protocol.

The objective of this work was to develop an easily applicable technique and a standardized protocol for high-quality post-mortem angiography. This protocol should (1) increase the radiological interpretation by decreasing artifacts due to the perfusion and by reaching a complete filling of the vascular system and (2) ease and standardize the execution of the examination. To this aim, 45 human corpses were investigated by post-mortem computed tomography (CT) angiography using different perfusion protocols, a modified heart-lung machine and a new contrast agent mixture, specifically developed for post-mortem investigations. The quality of the CT angiographies was evaluated radiologically by observing the filling of the vascular system and assessing the interpretability of the resulting images and by comparing radiological diagnoses to conventional autopsy conclusions. Post-mortem angiography yielded satisfactory results provided that the volumes of the injected contrast agent mixture were high enough to completely fill the vascular system. In order to avoid artifacts due to the post-mortem perfusion, a minimum of three angiographic phases and one native scan had to be performed. These findings were taken into account to develop a protocol for quality post-mortem CT angiography that minimizes the risk of radiological misinterpretation. The proposed protocol is easy applicable in a standardized way and yields high-quality radiologically interpretable visualization of the vascular system in post-mortem investigations.

Pelvic floor dysfunction 6 years post-anal sphincter tear at the time of vaginal delivery.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: This study aims to estimate fecal, urinary incontinence, and sexual function 6 years after an obstetrical anal sphincter tear. METHODS: Among 13,213 women who had a vaginal delivery of a cephalic singleton at term, 196 women sustained an anal sphincter tear. They were matched to 588 controls. Validated questionnaires grading fecal and urinary incontinence, and sexual dysfunction were completed by the participants. RESULTS: Severe fecal incontinence was more frequently reported by women who had sustained an anal sphincter tear compared to the controls. Women with an anal sphincter tear had no increased risk of urinary incontinence, but reported significantly more pain, difficulty with vaginal lubrication, and difficulty achieving orgasm compared to the controls. A fetal occiput posterior position during childbirth was an independent risk factor for both severe urinary incontinence and severe sexual dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Fecal incontinence is strongly associated with an anal sphincter tear. A fetal occiput posterior position represents a risk factor for urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction.

Establishing an association between a peri-operative perfusion score system (PerfSCORE) and post-operative patient morbidity/mortality during CPB cardiac surgery.

BACKGROUND: To date, there is no quality assurance program that correlates patient outcome to perfusion service provided during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). A score was devised, incorporating objective parameters that would reflect the likelihood to influence patient outcome. The purpose was to create a new method for evaluating the quality of care the perfusionist provides during CPB procedures and to deduce whether it predicts patient morbidity and mortality. METHODS: We analysed 295 consecutive elective patients. We chose 10 parameters: fluid balance, blood transfused, Hct, ACT, PaO2, PaCO2, pH, BE, potassium and CPB time. Distribution analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilcoxon test. This made up the PerfSCORE and we tried to find a correlation to mortality rate, patient stay in the ICU and length of mechanical ventilation. Univariate analysis (UA) using linear regression was established for each parameter. Statistical significance was established when p < 0.05. Multivariate analysis (MA) was performed with the same parameters. RESULTS: The mean age was 63.8 +/- 12.6 years with 70% males. There were 180 CABG, 88 valves, and 27 combined CABG/valve procedures. The PerfSCORE of 6.6 +/- 2.4 (0-20), mortality of 2.7% (8/295), CPB time 100 +/- 41 min (19-313), ICU stay 52 +/- 62 hrs (7-564) and mechanical ventilation of 10.5 +/- 14.8 hrs (0-564) was calculated. CPB time, fluid balance, PaO2, PerfSCORE and blood transfused were significantly correlated to mortality (UA, p < 0.05). Also, CPB time, blood transfused and PaO2 were parameters predicting mortality (MA, p < 0.01). Only pH was significantly correlated for predicting ICU stay (UA). Ultrafiltration (UF) and CPB time were significantly correlated (UA, p < 0.01) while UF (p < 0.05) was the only parameter predicting mechanical ventilation duration (MA). CONCLUSIONS: CPB time, blood transfused and PaO2 are independent risk factors of mortality. Fluid balance, blood transfusion, PaO2, PerfSCORE and CPB time are independent parameters for predicting morbidity. PerfSCORE is a quality of perfusion measure that objectively quantifies perfusion performance.

Post-translational modifications regulate distinct functions of CARMA1 and BCL10.

Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB is essential for the normal functioning of the immune system. Deregulated NF-kappaB signalling in lymphocytes can lead to immunodeficiency, but also to autoimmunity or lymphomas. Many of the signalling components controlling NF-kappaB activation in lymphocytes are now known, but it is less clear how distinct molecular components of this pathway are regulated. Here, we summarize recent findings on post-translational modifications of intracellular components of this pathway. Phosphorylation of the CARMA1 and BCL10 proteins and ubiquitylation of BCL10 affect the formation and stability of the CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) complex, and also control negative feedback regulation of the NF-kappaB signalling pathway. Moreover, the study of BCL10 phosphorylation isoforms has revealed a new mechanism controlling BCL10 nuclear translocation and an unexpected role for BCL10 in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton.

Changing the awareness of low vitamin D status in a rheumatology population: a pre/post-study.

INTRODUCTION: In 2009 hypovitaminosis D was highly prevalent in a population of Swiss rheumatology patients (86%). We aimed to evaluate the evolution of vitamin D status in the same population two years later, after the results of the first study were disseminated to local physicians and patients, in order to determine the evolution of the problem and the impact of physician information. METHOD: Patients in our rheumatology clinic were screened for 25-OH vitamin D. Results were categorised as: deficient (<10 ng/ml or <25 nmol/l), insufficient (10 to 30 ng/ml or 25 to 75 nmol/l) or normal (>30 ng/ml or >75 nmol/l). We also used another cut-off of 20 ng/ml (50 nmol/l). We evaluated the evolution of 25-OH vitamin D dosages and vitamin D3 prescriptions between 2008 and 2011 in our institution and the number of publications on vitamin D in three important medical journals of the French speaking part of Switzerland. RESULTS: Compared with 2009, significantly more patients had normal results in 2011. Fifty-two percent of patients had levels >20 ng/ml in 2009 and 66% in 2011, difference statistically significant (p = 0.001). During the years separating the two study periods the number of 25-OH vitamin D dosages and the prescription of high doses of vitamin D3 increased in our hospital. In addition the number of publications on vitamin D increased between 2008 and 2011. CONCLUSION: We concluded that lower prevalence in hypovitaminosis D is certainly related to better adherence to daily supplements, and to better information and awareness of the physicians about hypovitaminosis D.