L'autopsie moléculaire de la mort subite cardiaque: de la salle d'autopsie au cabinet du praticien [Molecular autopsy of sudden cardiac death: from postmortem to clinical approach]

Sudden cardiac death is one of the most prevalent cause of death in developed countries. Its aetiology varies according to the age. Some cardiac diseases may explain sudden death with minimal or no anatomic findings. However, many cardiac diseases, as for example channelopathies and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have a genetic basis. Therefore genetic analyses (molecular autopsy) are becoming a useful tool in forensic medicine to identify the cause of sudden cardiac death and to improve the early diagnosis of asymptomatic carriers among relatives.

La mort subite: de l' épidémiologie à la prévention [Sudden cardiac death: epidemiology and modern therapy].

Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) has become an important public health challenge in the Western World. In Switzerland near 10,000 people suffer each year from SCD. The survival from SCD to hospital discharge is discouraging (near 5%). Large majority of events occur unexpectedly in the out-of-hospital environment and are not predicted with great accuracy by risk profiling. Because the majority of SCD occur by the mechanism of ventricular fibrillation, community-based defibrillation strategies have emerged as one approach to SCD problem. Newer strategies of defibrillation designed to respond faster to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, including public access defibrillation, as well as aggressive primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease appears as the best approach for successful management of SCD.

Pédiatrie. 2. Traitement de la bronchiolite aiguë du nourrisson [Pediatrics. New treatment options for viral bronchiolitis].

The combination of nebulized epinephrine and high dose dexamethasone, or nebulized hypertonic saline, are promising new therapeutic strategies for viral bronchiolitis in the young infant. However, further research is needed before a general recommendation can be given.

Mort subite cardiaque dans la famille : quel bilan chez les proches ?

La mort subite est fréquemment d'origine génétique, en particulier lorsqu'elle touche les sujets jeunes. Il existe dans ces situations un risque accru pour les proches, qui devraient bénéficier d'un bilan cardiologique et d'un conseil génétique, dans la mesure où des mesures thérapeutiques et/ou préventives sont disponibles. Les analyses génétiques post-mortem, ou autopsie moléculaire, permettent de préciser le diagnostic dans un certain nombre de cas. Ces nouvelles possibilités sont susceptibles d'améliorer le dépistage des sujets à risque, même si leur mise en oeuvre suscite nombre de questions éthiques, majorées par des cicronstances psychologiques difficiles. Des protocoles spécifiques d'évaluation et une information des professionnels doivent être développés.