Prévalence de la dénutrition chez 143 adultes en bilan prétransplantation hépatique. Experience lausannoise de 1997 a 2005 [Prevalence of undernutrition in 143 patients before liver transplantation. The Lausanne experience between 1997 and 2005]

The prevalence of undernutrition was prospectively studied in 143 patients before liver transplantation between 1997 and 2005. Nutritional assessment is a particularly tricky problem in cirrhosis and mid-arm muscle circumference is considered as the best reliable anthropometric tool. In this prospective study, prevalence rate is very high (61%) and undernutrition is more frequent in alcoholic cirrhotic patients. In conclusion, these patients should benefit from an early dietician intervention before liver transplantation.

Influence of the primary cleft palate closure on the future need for orthognathic surgery in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients.

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the dissection of the palate during primary surgery and the type of orthognathic surgery needed in cases of unilateral total cleft. The review concerns 58 children born with a complete unilateral cleft lip and palate and treated between 1994 and 2008 at the appropriate age for orthognathic surgery. This is a retrospective mixed-longitudinal study. Patients with syndromes or associated anomalies were excluded. All children were treated by the same orthodontist and by the same surgical team. Children are divided into 2 groups: the first group includes children who had conventional primary cleft palate repair during their first year of life, with extensive mucoperiosteal undermining. The second group includes children operated on according to the Malek surgical protocol. The soft palate is closed at the age of 3 months, and the hard palate at 6 months with minimal mucoperiosteal undermining. Lateral cephalograms at ages 9 and 16 years and surgical records were compared. The need for orthognathic surgery was more frequent in the first than in the second group (60% vs 47.8%). Concerning the type of orthognathic surgery performed, 2- or 3-piece Le Fort I or bimaxillary osteotomies were also less required in the first group. Palate surgery following the Malek procedure results in an improved and simplified craniofacial outcome. With a minimal undermining of palatal mucosa, we managed to reduce the amount of patients who required an orthognathic procedure. When this procedure was indicated, the surgical intervention was also greatly simplified.

Un protocole de nutrition suffit-il à garantir des pratiques "evidence based" (EBM) - réalité clinique et propositions : P5

Le support nutritionnel en soins intensifs est désormais basé sur des études de niveau A et B. La participation du SMIA au «Nutrition Day 2008» avait mis en évidence des déviations par rapport aux recommandations. Cette étude a pour objectif de réaliser une analyse approfondie sur un mois. Méthodes: Analyse des patients sortis ayant séjourné plus de 3 jours en mars 2008 dans un service de 32 lits bénéficiant d'une diététicienne à 60% et du Protocole NUTSIA depuis 2006. Extraction de la database: variables démographiques, nutrition risk score (NRS), jours de démarrage et voie de nutrition, bilan calorique cumulé. Résultats: 69 patients âgés de 60 ± 17 ans ont séjourné 9 ± 10 jours. Le NRS est réalisé tardivement dans 29% des cas. A 48h, le support nutritionnel est défini chez 67% des patients avec 43% de nutrition artificielle, une prédominance de NE (73%) sur PN (27%). Seuls 3 patients ont un bilan cumulé < -10000 kcal. La couverture des séjours par la diététicienne est de 50%. Conclusion: Comparé à l'EBM, les pratiques nutritionnelles sont globalement satisfaisantes, mais l'évaluation systématique est insuffisante. L'introduction de la NE est tardive et sa progression trop lente comparé au protocole. Les remèdes proposés sont une administration de NE par défaut, une augmentation de la présence de la diététicienne et son «empowerment» sur la prescription.

Pioglitazone improves fat distribution, the adipokine profile and hepatic insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic end-stage renal disease subjects on maintenance dialysis: a randomized cross-over pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Fat redistribution, increased inflammation and insulin resistance are prevalent in non-diabetic subjects treated with maintenance dialysis. The aim of this study was to test whether pioglitazone, a powerful insulin sensitizer, alters body fat distribution and adipokine secretion in these subjects and whether it is associated with improved insulin sensitivity. TRIAL DESIGN: This was a double blind cross-over study with 16 weeks of pioglitazone 45 mg vs placebo involving 12 subjects. METHODS: At the end of each phase, body composition (anthropometric measurements, dual energy X-ray absorptometry (DEXA), abdominal CT), hepatic and muscle insulin sensitivity (2-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp with 2H2-glucose) were measured and fasting blood adipokines and cardiometabolic risk markers were monitored. RESULTS: Four months treatment with pioglitazone had no effect on total body weight or total fat but decreased the visceral/sub-cutaneous adipose tissue ratio by 16% and decreased the leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio from 3.63×10-3 to 0.76×10-3. This was associated with a 20% increase in hepatic insulin sensitivity without changes in muscle insulin sensitivity, a 12% increase in HDL cholesterol and a 50% decrease in CRP. CONCLUSIONS/LIMITATIONS: Pioglitazone significantly changes the visceral-subcutaneous fat distribution and plasma L/A ratio in non diabetic subjects on maintenance dialysis. This was associated with improved hepatic insulin sensitivity and a reduction of cardio-metabolic risk markers. Whether these effects may improve the outcome of non diabetic end-stage renal disease subjects on maintenance dialysis still needs further evaluation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrial.gov NCT01253928.