1 resultado para credible commitments.
em Université de Lausanne, Switzerland
Filtro por publicador
- Aberdeen University (1)
- Abertay Research Collections - Abertay University’s repository (2)
- Aberystwyth University Repository - Reino Unido (1)
- Academic Archive On-line (Jönköping University; Sweden) (1)
- Academic Archive On-line (Stockholm University; Sweden) (1)
- Academic Research Repository at Institute of Developing Economies (2)
- AMS Tesi di Dottorato - Alm@DL - Università di Bologna (6)
- AMS Tesi di Laurea - Alm@DL - Università di Bologna (2)
- Andina Digital - Repositorio UASB-Digital - Universidade Andina Simón Bolívar (2)
- Aquatic Commons (2)
- Archimer: Archive de l'Institut francais de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (1)
- Archive of European Integration (65)
- Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación - Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad del País Vasco (5)
- Aston University Research Archive (20)
- Avian Conservation and Ecology - Eletronic Cientific Hournal - Écologie et conservation des oiseaux: (2)
- Biblioteca de Teses e Dissertações da USP (1)
- Biblioteca Digital | Sistema Integrado de Documentación | UNCuyo - UNCUYO. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CUYO. (1)
- Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual da Universidade de São Paulo (3)
- Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual da Universidade de São Paulo (BDPI/USP) (2)
- Biblioteca Digital de la Universidad Católica Argentina (2)
- Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações Eletrônicas da UERJ (9)
- Bioline International (1)
- Blue Tiger Commons - Lincoln University - USA (1)
- BORIS: Bern Open Repository and Information System - Berna - Suiça (37)
- Boston University Digital Common (2)
- Brock University, Canada (8)
- Bucknell University Digital Commons - Pensilvania - USA (3)
- Bulgarian Digital Mathematics Library at IMI-BAS (1)
- CaltechTHESIS (2)
- Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database (2)
- CentAUR: Central Archive University of Reading - UK (49)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal (15)
- Cochin University of Science & Technology (CUSAT), India (1)
- Collection Of Biostatistics Research Archive (1)
- Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e o Caribe (CEPAL) (61)
- CORA - Cork Open Research Archive - University College Cork - Ireland (3)
- Corvinus Research Archive - The institutional repository for the Corvinus University of Budapest (5)
- Dalarna University College Electronic Archive (7)
- Deakin Research Online - Australia (134)
- Department of Computer Science E-Repository - King's College London, Strand, London (1)
- Digital Archives@Colby (1)
- Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (3)
- Digital Commons @ DU | University of Denver Research (5)
- Digital Commons at Florida International University (14)
- Digital Peer Publishing (2)
- DigitalCommons@The Texas Medical Center (7)
- DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln (1)
- Doria (National Library of Finland DSpace Services) - National Library of Finland, Finland (3)
- DRUM (Digital Repository at the University of Maryland) (6)
- Duke University (7)
- Ecology and Society (1)
- eResearch Archive - Queensland Department of Agriculture; Fisheries and Forestry (3)
- FUNDAJ - Fundação Joaquim Nabuco (2)
- Glasgow Theses Service (1)
- Helda - Digital Repository of University of Helsinki (15)
- Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship Repository (3)
- Indian Institute of Science - Bangalore - Índia (6)
- Institutional Repository of Leibniz University Hannover (1)
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (2)
- Instituto Politécnico de Viseu (1)
- Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal (7)
- Lume - Repositório Digital da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (1)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1)
- Memoria Académica - FaHCE, UNLP - Argentina (12)
- Ministerio de Cultura, Spain (1)
- Nottingham eTheses (3)
- Plymouth Marine Science Electronic Archive (PlyMSEA) (5)
- Portal de Revistas Científicas Complutenses - Espanha (6)
- Publishing Network for Geoscientific & Environmental Data (1)
- QSpace: Queen's University - Canada (2)
- QUB Research Portal - Research Directory and Institutional Repository for Queen's University Belfast (48)
- Queensland University of Technology - ePrints Archive (114)
- RCAAP - Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (4)
- ReCiL - Repositório Científico Lusófona - Grupo Lusófona, Portugal (3)
- Repositorio Académico de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (1)
- Repositório Científico da Universidade de Évora - Portugal (2)
- Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa - Portugal (1)
- Repositorio de la Universidad de Cuenca (1)
- Repositório digital da Fundação Getúlio Vargas - FGV (35)
- Repositório Digital da UNIVERSIDADE DA MADEIRA - Portugal (1)
- Repositório Institucional da Universidade de Aveiro - Portugal (6)
- Repositório Institucional da Universidade de Brasília (2)
- Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de São Paulo - UNESP (1)
- Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga (1)
- Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (34)
- Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Medellín (2)
- Research Open Access Repository of the University of East London. (2)
- RUN (Repositório da Universidade Nova de Lisboa) - FCT (Faculdade de Cienecias e Technologia), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Portugal (4)
- Savoirs UdeS : plateforme de diffusion de la production intellectuelle de l’Université de Sherbrooke - Canada (1)
- SerWisS - Server für Wissenschaftliche Schriften der Fachhochschule Hannover (1)
- Universidad de Alicante (2)
- Universidad del Rosario, Colombia (19)
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (7)
- Universidade Complutense de Madrid (1)
- Universidade de Lisboa - Repositório Aberto (5)
- Universidade Federal do Pará (4)
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) (10)
- Universidade Metodista de São Paulo (5)
- Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (1)
- Universitat de Girona, Spain (3)
- Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, Universität Kassel, Germany (2)
- Université de Lausanne, Switzerland (1)
- Université de Montréal (3)
- Université de Montréal, Canada (35)
- Université Laval Mémoires et thèses électroniques (2)
- University of Canberra Research Repository - Australia (1)
- University of Connecticut - USA (5)
- University of Michigan (10)
- University of Queensland eSpace - Australia (8)
- University of Southampton, United Kingdom (1)
- University of Washington (3)
- WestminsterResearch - UK (7)
- Worcester Research and Publications - Worcester Research and Publications - UK (2)
Resumo:
One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age-standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are affecting the number of adults with diabetes. We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue. We used data from 751 studies including 4,372,000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-7.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target. Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults affected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. Wellcome Trust.