Comparison of magnetic resonance enterography and video capsule endoscopy in evaluating small bowel disease.

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to compare magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) and video capsule endoscopy (VCE) in suspected small bowel disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen patients with suspected small bowel disease participated in a prospective clinical comparison of MRE versus VCE. Both methods were evaluated separately and in conjunction with respect to a combined diagnostic endpoint based on clinical, laboratory, surgical, and histopathological findings. The Fisher's exact and j tests were used in comparing MRE and VCE. RESULTS: Small bowel pathologies were found in 15 out of 19 patients: Crohn's disease (n= 5), lymphoma (n= 4), lymphangioma (n= 1), adenocarcinoma (n= 1), postradiation enteropathy (n= 1), NSAID-induced enteropathy (n =1), angiodysplasia (n= 1), and small bowel adhesions (n= 1). VCE and MRE separately and in conjunction showed sensitivities of 92.9, 71.4, and 100% and specificities of 80, 60, and 80% (kappa= 0.73 vs. kappa = 0.29; P= 0.31/kappa = 0.85), respectively. In four patients, VCE depicted mucosal pathologies missed by MRE. MRE revealed 19 extraenteric findings in 11 patients as well as small bowel adhesions not detected on VCE (n= 1). CONCLUSION: VCE can readily depict and characterize subtle mucosal lesions missed at MRE, whereas MRE yields additional mural, perienteric, and extraenteric information. Thus, VCE and MRE appear to be complementary methods which, when used in conjunction, may better characterize suspected small bowel disease.

Common variation in PHACTR1 is associated with susceptibility to cervical artery dissection.

Cervical artery dissection (CeAD), a mural hematoma in a carotid or vertebral artery, is a major cause of ischemic stroke in young adults although relatively uncommon in the general population (incidence of 2.6/100,000 per year). Minor cervical traumas, infection, migraine and hypertension are putative risk factors, and inverse associations with obesity and hypercholesterolemia are described. No confirmed genetic susceptibility factors have been identified using candidate gene approaches. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in 1,393 CeAD cases and 14,416 controls. The rs9349379[G] allele (PHACTR1) was associated with lower CeAD risk (odds ratio (OR) = 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.69-0.82; P = 4.46 × 10(-10)), with confirmation in independent follow-up samples (659 CeAD cases and 2,648 controls; P = 3.91 × 10(-3); combined P = 1.00 × 10(-11)). The rs9349379[G] allele was previously shown to be associated with lower risk of migraine and increased risk of myocardial infarction. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying this pleiotropy might provide important information on the biological underpinnings of these disabling conditions.

"Locus Ecclesiae" : Passion du Christ et renouveaux ecclésiastiques dans la peinture murale des Pyrénées françaises : les styles picturaux (XIIe s.)

RESUME FRANCAIS Le premier chapitre de la thèse prend en considération le style des peintures murales du XIIe siècle à Toulouse, en Comminges, en Couserans, en Carcassonnais et en Roussillon. Chaque oeuvre est analysée de manière comparative avec les autres oeuvres de la même région. Dans la conclusion, on propose de reconnaître l'existence d'au moins trois - peut-être quatre - centres de production de peinture murale, qui exercent leur influence sur la production de la région. La ville de Toulouse se présente comme une véritable capitale régionale en matière de peinture murale. La découverte d'une inscription qui permet de dater une partie des décors de Saint-Sernin à l'année près constitue l'acquis majeur de cette partie. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à l'analyse de l'iconographie de la Passion du Christ dans les peintures de Saint-Sernin de Toulouse, Saint-Plancard et Montgauch. L'on étudie ici lés valeurs ecclésiales et le thème de la rénovation dans l'iconographie de la Passion. L'étude explore aussi la notion de «lieu rituel » et la fonction spatiale des peintures dans l'édifice. Elle propose d'identifier des réaménagements du lieu selon l'exhibition d'un discours portant sur l'identité religieuse et l'autorité temporelle de l'Église, en coïncidence avec différentes facettes de la Réforme au XIIe siècle, dont l'étude a retrouvé certaines sources écrites. La troisième partie de la thèse est occupée par « le corpus des oeuvres », base documentaire de notre travail comportant les données historiques, architecturales, techniques, épigraphiques et bibliographiques de chaque oeuvre. RESUME ANGLAIS The first chapter of the dissertation takes into consideration the style of mural painting in Toulouse, Comminges, Couserans, Carcassonnais and Roussillon. Each work is studied in a comparative way with the other paintings of the same region. In the conclusion, we propose to recognise the existence of at least three - maybe four - centres of production of mural painting, influencing the production of the region. The city of Toulouse represents a real capital for the region in terms of mural painting. The discovery of an inscription that dates a part of the paintings of Saint-Sernin is the major result of this part. The second chapter is devoted to the analysis of the iconography of Christ's Passion in the mural paintings of Saint-Sernin of Toulouse, Saint-Plancard and Montgauch. The enquiry explores the ecclesiastical values and the theme of renovatio in this iconography, as well as the notion of "ritual place" and the spatial function of the paintings in the building. It identifies the redevelopment of places according to the exhibition of a speech on the religious identity and the temporal authority of the Church. These meanings coincide with different aspects of the XIIth century Reform, evidenced by unpublished sources. The third part of the dissertation is the "corpus", a documentary base for the whole enquiry composed by information on the historical background, the architecture, the paintings' techniques, and the epigraphic data of each work.