Frontière d'empire, du nord à l'est : soldats coloniaux et immigrations des Suds

Les régions Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Lorraine, Alsace, Picardie, Champagne-Ardenne et Franche-Comté, de Lille à Strasbourg, ont tissé une relation unique avec les voyageurs, travailleurs, artistes, soldats, réfugiés, rapatriés et " sans-papiers " venus des Suds. Depuis le dernier tiers du XIXe siècle, le Nord-Est est une véritable frontière d'empire : il a reçu plus d'un million de combattants et travailleurs coloniaux lors des trois conflits qui opposèrent la France à l'Allemagne. Parallèlement, des dizaines d'expositions coloniales et ethnographiques contribuent à la formation d'une culture coloniale et accompagnent un premier flux d'originaires des colonies vers la métropole, notamment dans les mines du Nord. Durant tout le XXe siècle, venus des quatre coins de l'empire et du monde, recrutés et dockers chinois, soldats et étudiants d'Afrique noire, combattants, travailleurs et militants du Maghreb, migrants et ouvriers turcs, mobilisés indochinois et rapatriés vietnamiens ou d'Algérie, militants et enfants des deuxième et troisième générations, passent ou se fixent dans ces régions... Ce livre raconte leurs parcours et s'attache également au regard posé sur ces centaines de milliers de migrants, aujourd'hui composante importante de la société locale. A travers des images exceptionnelles et inédites, c'est l'histoire " aux confins d'un empire " qui se révèle ici. Histoire longue, complexe et étonnante, toujours en mouvement, constitutive en partie des mémoires et des identités locales.

Obesity markers and blood pressure in a sample of Portuguese children and adolescents.

Little information exists regarding the effect of several obesity markers on blood pressure (BP) levels in youth. Transverse study including 2494 boys and 2589 girls. Height, weight and waist were measured according to the international criteria and body fat (BF) by bioimpedance. BP was measured by an automated device. Hypertension was defined using sex-specific, age-specific and height-specific observation-points. Body mass index (BMI) and waist were positively related with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate in both sexes, whereas the relationships with BF were less consistent. Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that BMI was positively related with SBP and DBP in both sexes, whereas BF was negatively related with SBP in both sexes and with heart rate in boys only; finally, waist was positively related with SBP in boys and heart rate in girls. Age and heart rate-adjusted values of SBP and DBP increased with BMI: for SBP, 117+/-1, 123+/-1 and 124+/-1 mmHg in normal, overweight and obese boys, respectively; corresponding values for girls were 111+/-1, 114+/-1 and 116+/-2 mmHg (mean+/-SE, P<0.001). Overweight and obese boys had an odds ratio for being hypertensive of 2.26 (95% confidence interval: 1.79-2.86) and 3.36 (2.32-4.87), respectively; corresponding values for girls were 1.58 (confidence interval 1.25-1.99) and 2.31 (1.53-3.50). BMI, not BF or waist, is consistently and independently related to BP levels in children; overweight and obesity considerably increase the risk of hypertension.

Is thinness more prevalent than obesity in Portuguese adolescents?

There is little information regarding the prevalence of thinness in European adolescents. This was assessed in a convenience sample of children and adolescents from the Lisbon area (Portugal). Cross-sectional study including 2494 boys and 2519 girls aged 10-18 years. Body mass index (BMI), waist and hip were measured using standardized methods; thinness was defined using international criteria. Body fat was assessed by bioelectrical impedance. In girls, prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity were 5.6%, 19.7% and 4.7%, respectively, whereas the corresponding numbers in boys were 3.9%, 17.4% and 5.3%. Prevalence of thinness increased whereas obesity decreased with age: from 1.5% to 7.6% for thinness and from 9.2% to 3.8% for obesity in girls aged 10 and 18, respectively. In boys, the corresponding trends were from 0% to 7.3% for thinness and from 10.6% to 3% for obesity. After adjusting for age, differences were found between BMI groups for weight, body fat percentage, fat mass, lean mass, waist and hip, while no differences regarding height were found between thin and normal weight participants. The prevalence of thinness is more frequent than obesity after age 14 in girls and 16 years in boys. Thinness is associated with a decreased body weight and body fat, whereas no consistent effect on height was noted.