4 resultados para Northeast. Semiarid. Native Goats. Production System. Productive Performance
em Université de Lausanne, Switzerland
Resumo:
Au cours des dernières décennies, les recherches articulant sport et travail se sont beaucoup développées. Elles portent sur un large ensemble de questions comme le fonctionnement des organisations sportives, les carrières des sportifs de haut niveau, la croissance d'un secteur économique et de métiers de l'intervention sportive, les migrations internationales des sportifs, les discriminations sexuelles ou raciales dans l'accès aux marchés du travail sportif, etc. Ici nous mettons l'accent sur une dimension, centrale, des activités sportives : la compétition. Et notre objectif est d'analyser les mécanismes de production de la performance sportive. Nous considérons celle-ci comme le résultat d'un travail qui n'engage pas les seuls sportifs, avec leurs aptitudes, qualités ou capacités individuelles. Nous la définissons comme une activité collective, qui mobilise une pluralité d'acteurs, institutions, organisations. À travers une variété d'opérations de jugement, d'évaluation, de reconnaissance, de qualification, de cotation, de sélection, ces acteurs contribuent, de manière directe et décisive, à produire la performance sportive. En présentant des travaux empiriques qui argumentent cette problématique et la mobilisent dans des domaines variés (cyclisme, rugby, judo, etc.), nous invitons au développement de recherches sur le travail sportif. In recent decades, there has been much development in research connecting sport and work. It covers a wide range of questions such as how sports organisations operate, the careers of top-level athletes, the growth of an economic sector and its specific jobs, the international migrations of athletes, sexual or racial discrimination in access to the labour market in sport, etc. Here, we place the emphasis on one central dimension of sports activities : competition. Our objective is to analyse the mechanisms of production of sports performance. We consider this to be the outcome of work that does not only involve athletes, with their individual skills, qualities or capacities. We define it as a collective activity that marshals multiple actors, institutions, organisations. Through a variety of activities of judgement, evaluation, recognition, qualification, classification and selection, these actors contribute directly and decisively to producing sports performance. By presenting empirical work that discusses this issue and applies it in varied domains (cycling, rugby, judo, etc.), we call for the development of research into work in sport.
Resumo:
Since the mid 90's, international actors as well as governmental actors have raised their interest into the development of irrigation's potential that is still largely unexploited in Niger. It seems all the more interesting as it could answer the needs of a fast growing population (3.3% per year). However, if everyone agrees on the need to development this system, the current implementation triggers questions on the process itself and its side effects. National and international policies on this matter were build upon an historical process through colonial, post-colonial and then the late 1980's neoliberal structures, leading to a business model that reveals a discrepancy between the state logic and the farming one. This business model asks for a high capacity of mobilization of resources unachievable for many, especially when they want to address small-scale irrigation (area
Resumo:
La médiatisation des affaires de dopage a rendu accessibles au public les coulisses de la production de la performance des cyclistes. Confrontées à des contraintes de visibilité de leurs pratiques, les équipes doivent désormais produire des performances crédibles tout en affirmant une identité professionnelle acceptable. Les équipes du cyclisme professionnel sont inégalement armées pour faire face à cette nouvelle donne. Celles qui disposent de ressources technoscientifiques importantes, sont adossées à des sponsors aux visées mondiales, et sont moins liées à leurs ancrages territoriaux, s'y adaptent plus facilement. Certaines de ces équipes mondialisées font évoluer les normes de production de la performance ; elles contribuent ainsi à réduire l'autonomie du travail des autres équipes et modifient ce que signifie être une équipe professionnelle.
Resumo:
The anaerobically inducible arcDABC operon encodes the enzymes of the arginine deiminase pathway in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Upon induction, the arcAB mRNAs and proteins reach high intracellular levels, because of a strong anaerobically controlled promoter and mRNA processing in arcD, leading to stable downstream transcripts. We explored the usefulness of this system for the construction of expression vectors. The lacZ gene of Escherichia coli was expressed to the highest levels when fused close to the arc promoter. Insertion of lacZ further downstream into arcA or arcB did not stabilize the intrinsically unstable lacZ mRNA. On the contrary, lacZ mRNA appeared to be a vulnerable endonuclease target destabilizing arcAB mRNAs in the 5'-to-3' direction in P. aeruginosa. The native arc promoter was modified for optional expression in the -10 sequence and in the -40 region, which is a binding site for the anaerobic regulator ANR. In P. aeruginosa grown either anaerobically or with oxygen limitation in unshaken cultures, this promoter was stronger than the induced tac promoter. The P. aeruginosa lipAH genes, which encode extracellular lipase and lipase foldase, respectively, were fused directly to the modified arc promoter in an IncQ vector plasmid. Semianaerobic static cultures of P. aeruginosa PAO1 carrying this recombinant plasmid overproduced extracellular lipase 30-fold during stationary phase compared with the production by strain PAO1 without the plasmid. Severe oxygen limitation, in contrast, resulted in poor lipase productivity despite effective induction of the ANR-dependent promoter, suggesting that secretion of active lipase is blocked by the absence of oxygen. In conclusion, the modified arc promoter is useful for driving the expression of cloned genes in P. aeruginosa during oxygen-limited growth and stationary phase.