16 resultados para Honneth, Alex

em Université de Lausanne, Switzerland


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Background: In ∼5% of advanced NSCLC tumours, ALK tyrosine kinase is constitutively activated after translocation of ALK. ALK+ NSCLC was shown to be highly sensitive to the first approved ALK inhibitor, crizotinib. However, all pts eventually relapse on crizotinib mainly due to secondary ALK mutations/amplification or CNS metastases. Alectinib is a highly selective, potent, oral next-generation ALK inhibitor. Clinical phase II alectinib data in 46 crizotinib-naïve pts with ALK+ NSCLC reported an objective response rate (ORR) of 93.5% and a 1-year progression-free rate of 83% (95% CI: 68-92) (Inoue et al. J Thorac Oncol 2013). CNS activity was seen: of 14 pts with baseline brain metastasis, 11 had prior CNS radiation, 9 of these experienced CNS and systemic PFS of >12 months; of the 3 pts without prior CNS radiation, 2 were >15 months progression free. Trial design: Randomised, multicentre, phase III, open-label study in pts with treatment-naïve ALK+ advanced, recurrent, or metastatic NSCLC. All pts must provide pretreatment tumour tissue to confirm ALK rearrangement (by IHC). Pts (∼286 from ∼180 centres, ∼30 countries worldwide) will be randomised to alectinib (600mg oral bid, with food) or crizotinib (250mg oral bid, with/without food) until disease progression (PD), unacceptable toxicity, withdrawal of consent, or death. Stratification factors are: ECOG PS (0/1 vs 2), race (Asian vs non-Asian), baseline CNS metastases (yes vs no). Primary endpoint: PFS by investigators (RECIST v1.1). Secondary endpoints: PFS by Independent Review Committee (IRC); ORR; duration of response; OS; safety; pharmacokinetics; quality of life. Additionally, time to CNS progression will be evaluated (MRI) for the first time in a prospective randomised NSCLC trial as a secondary endpoint. Pts with isolated asymptomatic CNS progression will be allowed to continue treatment beyond documented progression until systemic PD and/or symptomatic CNS progression, according to investigator opinion. Time to CNS progression will be retrospectively assessed by the IRC using two separate criteria, RECIST and RANO. Further details: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02075840). Disclosure: T.S.K. Mok: Advisory boards: AZ, Roche, Eli Lilly, Merck Serono, Eisai, BMS, AVEO, Pfizer, Taiho, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, GSK Biologicals, Clovis Oncology, Amgen, Janssen, BioMarin; board of directors: IASLC; corporate sponsored research: AZ; M. Perol: Advisory boards: Roche; S.I. Ou: Consulting: Pfizer, Chugai, Genentech Speaker Bureau: Pfizer, Genentech, Boehringer Ingelheim; I. Bara: Employee: F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd; V. Henschel: Employee and stock: F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; D.R. Camidge: Honoraria: Roche/Genentech. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

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PURPOSE: To identify cancer-linked genes, Sjöblom et al. and Wood et al. performed a genome-wide mutation screening in human breast and colorectal cancers. 140 CAN-genes were found in breast cancer, which in turn contained overall 334 mutations. These mutations could prove useful for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. METHODS: We used a MALDI-TOF MS 40-plex assay for testing 40 loci within 21 high-ranking breast cancer CAN-genes. To confirm mutations, we performed single-plex assays and sequencing. RESULTS: In general, the mutation rate of the analyzed loci in our sample cohort was very low. No mutation from the 40 loci analyzed could be found in the 6 cell lines. In tissue samples, a single breast cancer tissue sample showed heterozygosity at locus c.5834G>A within the ZFYVE26 gene (Zinc finger FYVE domain-containing gene 26). CONCLUSIONS: Sjöblom et al./Wood et al. already showed that the vast majority of CAN-genes are mutated at very low frequency. Due to the fact that we only found one mutation in our cohort, we therefore assume that at the selected loci, mutations might be low-frequency events and therefore, more rarely detectable. However, further evaluation of the CAN-gene mutations in larger cohorts should be the aim of further studies.

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Résumé en français Après un examen critique de la théorie des médias et de la culture développée par l'Ecole de Francfort, abordée ici principalement au travers des oeuvres de T.W. Adorno et de Jürgen Habeimas, ce travail en propose une reconstruction en s'inspirant de la théorie de la reconnaissance d'Axel Honneth. Envisagée sous un angle narratif, la communication publique est vue comme un processus engageant à la fois des relations de reconnaissance et leur négation sous la double forme de la réification et du mépris. La recherche développe une approche des médias sensible à ces tensions et conflits ainsi qu'aux luttes pour la reconnaissance qui travaillent la scène publique, y compris dans sa dimension esthétique. Title and abstract in english « Public sphere, mediations, recognition. Reconstruction elements of a critical theory of communication ». After a critical discussion of media and culture theory developped by the Frankfurt School presented here mainly through the works of T.W. Adorno and Jürgen Habermas, this research proposes to reconstruct it on the basis of the theory of recognition developed by Axel Honneth. Considered through the perspective of narrative, public communication in is seen as a process implying at the same time recognition relations and their negation through the double process of reification and disrespect. The research develops an approach of media which is attentive to those tensions and conflicts and to the struggles for recognition that forms public sphere, also in his aesthetic dimension.

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Ce livre, publié grâce aux soutiens logistiques et financiers du Lausanne Underground Film and Music Festival et du Groupe de la Riponne, est le premier de la collection Rip on / off. Textes édités et traduits (de l'anglais) par Christian Indermuhle et Thibault Walter dans le cadre des activités éditoriales du Groupe de la Riponne à l'occasion du Lausanne Underground Film and Music Festival 2008. Avec des collaborations de Nikola Mounoud, Boris Wlassof, Fernando Sixto, Guy-Marc Hinant, Naut Humon pour les textes ; de Julien Notter et Sébastien Vigne pour le graphisme. Un CD original, Form & Disposition, composé et masterisé par Zbigniew Karkowski, joué aux percussions par Daniel Buess et enregistré par Alex Buess en septembre 2008 aux studios 2.8.1 à Bâle, est offert avec ce livre. "Ces textes ne sont pas des compléments à l'oeuvre musicale de Zbigniew Karkowski, ils n'en sont ni une théorie, ni une explication. La musique se suffit à elle-même, elle déploie ses propres régimes d'intelligence et de conceptualités. Il s'agit donc ici de dire autre chose. Et de permettre à zk de rendre compte de sa pratique et de sa longue expérimentation de la matérialité des sons et de leur puissance. Quand nous avons choisi d'éditer, de traduire ces textes et de les enrichir de matériaux nouveaux, nous savions que nous ne pouvions nous dispenser des réseaux souterrains multipliés qu'un tel projet suppose. Ainsi, et suite à plusieurs rencontres, notamment dans le cadre de concerts donnés depuis 2005 sur la scène du luff, nous avons demandé à zk d'écrire ce livre, de rassembler ses textes d'il y a vingt ans ceux-là mêmes qui flottaient à la dérive du web, et de les compléter en enrichissant les entretiens qu'il avait eus en 2002 avec Boris Wlassof, dont les textes avaient initialement été publiés dans le numéro 59 de Revue et Corrigée. Nous avons choisi par ailleurs d'aider ou de perdre le lecteur en lui proposant, pour se guider un peu, en fin de parcours, deux glossaires reprenant quelques uns des termes musicaux et des personnages évoqués dans ce livre, et aussi d'inviter Fernando Sixto et Naut Humon à nous donner l'écho de deux oreilles ayant entendu l'oeuvre de zk, afin que ce livre multipliât les accès à ses univers musicaux, et qu'il ne soit pas le marbre qui refermât leur tombeau. Le bruit est vivant, c'est cette vitalité qu'il s'agit ici d'écouter."

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Social identity is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, identifying with a social group is a prerequisite for the sharing of common norms and values, solidarity, and collective action. On the other hand, in-group identification often goes together with prejudice and discrimination. Today, these two sides of social identification underlie contradictory trends in the way European nations and European nationals relate to immigrants and immigration. Most European countries are becoming increasingly multicultural, and anti-discrimination laws have been adopted throughout the European Union, demonstrating a normative shift towards more social inclusion and tolerance. At the same time, racist and xenophobic attitudes still shape social relations, individual as well as collective behaviour (both informal and institutional), and political positions throughout Europe. The starting point for this chapter is Sanchez-Mazas' (2004) interactionist approach to the study of racism and xenophobia, which in turn builds on Axel Honneth's (1996) philosophical theory of recognition. In this view, the origin of attitudes towards immigrants cannot be located in one or the other group, but in a dynamic of mutual influence. Sanchez-Mazas' approach is used as a general framework into which we integrate social psychological approaches of prejudice and recent empirical findings examining minority-majority relations. We particularly focus on the role of national and European identities as antecedents of anti-immigrant attitudes held by national majorities. Minorities' reactions to denials of recognition are also examined. We conclude by delineating possible social and political responses to prejudice towards immigrants.

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La thématique de la médicalisation de la vie et de la société remonte au début du siècle passé lorsque la génialité de Jules Romains fait dire au docteur Knock que "les biens portants ne sont que des malades qui s'ignorent", successivement en 1976, lors d'un interview à la revue économique Fortune, Henry Gadsen, CEO de MSD, déclara que son rêve était de produire des médicaments pour les biens portants (rêve aujourd'hui déjà abondamment réalisé), plus récemment un "incipit" d'un article paru sur le British Medical Journal du 13 avril 2002 nous rappelait qu'on peut faire beaucoup d'argent si l'on arrive a convaincre les bienportants qu'en réalité ils sont des malades. En Suisse, en 1996 déjà, Alex Müller, président de l'Académie Suisse des Sciences Médicales, constatait que "nous souffrons en Suisse d'une surmédicalisation; les contradictions d'une société surmédicalisée rendent nécessaire une redéfinition des objectifs qui passe par la triple révision des pratiques, du développement scientifique et des valeurs de la santé". [Auteur]

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Ex vivo analysis of virus-specific CD8 T cell populations by anchored PCR has shown that the CD8 TCR repertoire was less oligoclonal (seven to nine clonotypes per individual epitope) than previously thought. In the current study, TCR diversity was investigated by assessing both the overall TCR β-chain variable regions usage as well as the CDR3 regions in ex vivo-isolated CMV- and EBV-specific CD8 T cells from 27 healthy donors. The average number of clonotypes specific to most single viral epitopes comprised between 14 and 77. Changes in the CD8 TCR repertoire were also longitudinally assessed under conditions of HIV-1 chronic infection (i.e., in patients with suppressed virus replication and after treatment interruption and Ag re-exposure). The results showed that a large renewal (≤80%) of the TRB repertoire occurred after Ag re-exposure and was eventually associated with an increased T cell recognition functional avidity. These results demonstrate that the global CD8 TCR repertoire is much more diverse (≤9-fold) than previously estimated and provide the mechanistic basis for supporting massive repertoire renewal during chronic virus infection and Ag re-exposure.

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BACKGROUND: Controlled clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease (CD), but there is, however, only limited long-term experience with adalimumab in daily practice. AIM: To assess the long-term effectiveness and safety of adalimumab in a multicenter cohort of practice-based patients with moderate-to-severe CD. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of CD patients who received adalimumab over a 3-year period. Disease severity was scored using the Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI). Remission was defined as an HBI of <or=4 and response as a reduction in the HBI of >3 points at evaluation compared to the baseline. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictive variables associated with response. RESULTS: The charts of 55 patients were reviewed; remission and response rates observed at weeks 4-6 were 52.7 and 83.6%, respectively. Remission was maintained at weeks 12, 24 and 52 in 89.6, 72.4 and 44.7% of patients, respectively. Remission and response rates were not influenced by smoking status, disease location or duration, the first month total dose, or previous infliximab therapy. The remission rate at weeks 4-6 was significantly higher in patients intolerant of infliximab as compared to those who lost response to this drug. Adalimumab was well tolerated overall. CONCLUSION: Adalimumab can be considered a suitable option in patients with moderate-to-severe CD, demonstrating sustained long-term effectiveness.

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L'épreuve « factuelle » et physique de la brûlure grave des grands brûlés de la face fait l'objet d'une analyse sociologique systématique : alors qu'un accident peut, en quelques secondes, provoquer une véritable rupture biographique, l'acceptation du nouveau statut et la « reconstruction » d'un rapport à soi et aux autres prend beaucoup de temps. Les modalités de cette reconstruction et les tentatives pour retrouver une impossible « apparence normale » dans la vie publique sont ici analysées. Tout en étant attentive aux modalités de l'interaction, la présente étude relève d'une démarche sociologique compréhensive menée à partir d'observations et d'entretiens conduits avec ces personnes, amenant dans le giron de la sociologie une expérience éprouvanteencore peu connue, celle des grands brûlés de la face. Le registre discursif adossé à cette dernière vient compléter certaines représentations véhiculées par les médias, les fictions et qui influent sur la perception et la visibilité de ceux-ci. A l'aune du concept d'épreuve issu de la « sociologie pragmatique », le parcours du grand brûlé peut être examiné en prêtant une attention particulière au moment initial du parcours post¬brûlure : l'accident. La mise en récit de cette première épreuve est révélatrice des tentatives pour le grand brûlé de maintenir un lien entre un avant et un après l'accident. S'ensuit un continuum d'épreuves intervenant dès le moment où les grands brûlés se présentent physiquement face à autrui dans l'espace public suscitant des réactions de gêne et de malaise. Dans le prolongement des travaux d'Erving Goffman, on peut les concevoir comme des motifs d'« inconfort interactionnel ». Cette mise en évidence de l'inconfort interactionnel montre la nécessité de ne pas se limiter à une sociologie de la brûlure grave qui s'attarderait seulement sur les ajustements des interactions. A partir des travaux d'Axel Honneth sur la reconnaissance, il est possible de lire cette gestion des situations d'interaction dans une autre optique, celle qui, pour le grand brûlé, consiste à se préserver du mépris. Ce travail met l'accent sur des habiletés interactionnelles, des compétences qui fonctionnent comme des ressorts et permettent au grand brûlé de gérer des situations susceptibles de conduire au mépris. En s'appuyant sur des situations d'interaction racontées, deux formes de lutte individuelle, de quête de reconnaissance, peuvent être dégagées : d'une part, la « lutte contre » la trop grande visibilité et contre la prégnance de certains préjugés et, d'autre part, la « lutte pour » faire connaître des aspects invisibles ou moins visibles de la brûlure grave. - This thesis analyzes the "factual" and physical ordeal of a severe burn as experienced by victims of severe facial burns. In a few seconds, an accident provokes a biographical rupture and persons involved need time to integrate their new status. This thesis concentrates on the "reconstruction" modes of the relationship with oneself and with others, and on attempts to find an impossible "normal appearance" in public life. While being attentive to the modalities of interaction, the study uses comprehensive sociology based on observations and interviews. This thesis brings into sociology litde known views of those suffering severe facial burns. These views supplement certain media representations that influence perceptions and visibility of the people involved. Applying the concept of test, a key concept of pragmatic sociology, the progression of a severely burned person can be described by focusing on the initial moment: the accident. The recounting of this first challenge reveals the severely burned person's efforts to link the "before" and "after" the accident. A continuum of challenges follows. These tests occur when the severely burned person physically faces others in a public space and when visible discomfort and embarrassment show, reactions which we consider, following Erving Goffman's works, as situations of "interactional discomfort." Emphasis on interactional discomfort shows the necessity of expanding the sociology of severe burns to more than just adjustments to interactions. Based on Axel Honneth's works, we can read the management of interactions from another point of view, in which the severely burned person tries to avoid contempt. This work emphasizes interactional aptitudes, skills that act like rebounding springs, and allow the severely burned person to manage situations that might lead to contempt. Starting with descriptions of interactions, we have determined two forms of individual struggle that appear to be a search for recognition: on one hand, the "struggle against" too much visibility and against the strength of certain prejudices, and, on the other hand, a "struggle for" making known rtain invisible or less visible aspects of a severe burn.