Sectes, médias, fin des temps

(Résumé de l'ouvrage) Durant toute l'Europe, et au-delà, on a assisté ces dernières années à un grand débat sur les sectes, leur nature, leur nombre, leur influence, leur rôle. Des événements tragiques comme les suicides collectifs ont confirmé dans leurs convictions ceux qui pensent que les sectes sont un fléau pour la société qui les tolère et pour les individus qui s'y engagent. D'autres, au contraire, mettent en garde contre la nouvelle « chasse aux sorcières » qu'on risque de déclencher et en appellent au respect du droit à la liberté religieuse. Ne faut-il pas compléter les analyses classiques de Max Weber et d'Ernst Troeltsch, qui distinguent entre le type « Église » et le type « Secte » ? Plusieurs études sur des groupes controversés (le tristement célèbre Ordre du Temple Solaire, les Témoins de Jéhovah, la Soka Gakkaï, les Loubavitch... ou les mouvances accusées de dérives sectaires) illustrent les évolutions contrastées du paysage religieux aujourd'hui. On assiste d'ailleurs à une mondialisation de ces phénomènes. Les auteurs reviennent longuement sur le débat de société autour des sectes, sur leur nocivité réelle ou supposée, sur leur stigmatisation légitime ou irraisonnée dans les médias et l'opinion publique. Les sectes interrogent la laïcité de l'État et le droit : entrent-elles dans le droit commun des religions ou faut-il créer une législation « anti-sectes » spécifiques ?

Salvation goods and Canonization Logic : On two Popular Cults of Southern Italy

(Summary of the production) The idea that religion has to succeed in a «market», selling «salvation goods», has proved to be extremely attractive to scholars in sociology and the study of religion. Max Weber used the term «salvation good» to compare different religious traditions. Pierre Bourdieu employed the term in order to analyze «religious economy». And recently, an American group of researchers advocating «rational choice of religion» put the theme at the forefront of current debates. This book - the fruit of an International Congress in Lausanne in April 2005 - brings together leading specialists in the fields of sociology and the study of religion who discuss the terms «salvation goods» (or religious goods) and «religious market». The authors test the applicability of these concepts by using specific examples and they either deliberately advocate or criticize Weberian, Bourdieusian or rational-choice perspectives.

What Price Salvation? The Exchange of Salvation goods between India and the West

Does Weber's notion of salvation goods, along with the connected one of the religious market, apply to the modern history of yoga? The case study chosen here (the yoga of Pattabhi Jois) clearly shows that these notions highlight many aspects of the expansion of yoga into a global market product. However, the notion of salvation goods resists the new hermeneutical situation of encounter and has to be adapted to the present situation of religious "patchwork". The notion of religious market lacks depth to describe the various understandings and appropriations of yoga in precise historical situations. Other aspects of the current global status of yoga may be highlighted by applying the concept of pilgrimage. La notion de bien de salut que nous lègue Max Weber et la notion de marché religieux qui en découle peuvent-elles s'appliquer à l'histoire moderne du yoga? L'étude de cas que nous consacrons au yoga de Pattabhi Jois montre que ces notions éclairent bien certains aspects de l'expansion du yoga en tant que produit d'un marché globalisé. Cependant la notion de bien de salut résiste à une réflexion de type herméneutique sur les processus de rencontres et doit être adaptée à la situation contemporaine, ou` les religions se présentent comme des ensembles composites. La notion de marché religieux ne permet pas d'expliquer les diverses compréhensions et appropriations du yoga dans des situations historiques précises. D'autres aspects de la situation du yoga sont mieux explicités si on prend le concept de pèlerinage comme point de référence.

Integration or individuation : are the salvation goods promised by first-century Christian preaching still attractive ?

(Résumé de l'ouvrage) The idea that religion has to succeed in a «market», selling «salvation goods», has proved to be extremely attractive to scholars in sociology and the study of religion. Max Weber used the term «salvation good» to compare different religious traditions. Pierre Bourdieu employed the term in order to analyze «religious economy». And recently, an American group of researchers advocating «rational choice of religion» put the theme at the forefront of current debates. This book - the fruit of an International Congress in Lausanne in April 2005 - brings together leading specialists in the fields of sociology and the study of religion who discuss the terms «salvation goods» (or religious goods) and «religious market». The authors test the applicability of these concepts by using specific examples and they either deliberately advocate or criticize Weberian, Bourdieusian or rational-choice perspectives.

European Integration Without EU Membership : Models, Experiences, Perspectives

At the beginning of the 1990s, the concept of "European integration" could still be said to be fairly unambiguous. Nowadays, it has become plural and complex almost to the point of unintelligibility. This is due, of course, to the internal differentiation of EU membership, with several Member States pulling out of key integrative projects such as establishing an area without frontiers, the "Schengen" area, and a common currency. But this is also due to the differentiated extension of key integrative projects to European non-EU countries - Schengen is again a case in point. Such processes of "integration without membership", the focus of the present publication, are acquiring an ever-growing topicality both in the political arena and in academia. International relations between the EU and its neighbouring countries are crucial for both, and their development through new agreements features prominently on the continent's political agenda. Over and above this aspect, the dissemination of EU values and standards beyond the Union's borders raises a whole host of theoretical and methodological questions, unsettling in some cases traditional conceptions of the autonomy and separation of national legal orders. This publication brings together the papers presented at the Integration without EU Membership workshop held in May 2008 at the EUI (Max Weber Programme and Department of Law). It aims to compare different models and experiences of integration between the EU, on the one hand, and those European countries that do not currently have an accession perspective on the other hand. In delimiting the geographical scope of the inquiry, so as to scale it down to manageable proportions, the guiding principles have been to include both the "Eastern" and "Western" neighbours of the EU, and to examine both structured frameworks of cooperation, such as the European Neighbourhood Policy and the European Economic Area, and bilateral relations developing on a more ad hoc basis. These principles are reflected in the arrangement of the papers, which consider in turn the positions of Ukraine, Russia, Norway, and Switzerland in European integration - current standing, perspectives for evolution, consequences in terms of the EU-ization of their respective legal orders1. These subjects are examined from several perspectives. We had the privilege of receiving contributions from leading practitioners and scholars from the countries concerned, from EU highranking officials, from prominent specialists in EU external relations law, and from young and talented researchers. We wish to thank them all here for their invaluable insights. We are moreover deeply indebted to Marise Cremona (EUI, Law Department, EUI) for her inspiring advice and encouragement, as well as to Ramon Marimon, Karin Tilmans, Lotte Holm, Alyson Price and Susan Garvin (Max Weber Programme, EUI) for their unflinching support throughout this project. A word is perhaps needed on the propriety and usefulness of the research concept embodied in this publication. Does it make sense to compare the integration models and experiences of countries as different as Norway, Russia, Switzerland, and Ukraine? Needless to say, this list of four evokes a staggering diversity of political, social, cultural, and economic conditions, and at least as great a diversity of approaches to European integration. Still, we would argue that such diversity only makes comparisons more meaningful. Indeed, while the particularities and idiosyncratic elements of each "model" of integration are fully displayed in the present volume, common themes and preoccupations run through the pages of every contribution: the difficulty in conceptualizing the finalité and essence of integration, which is evident in the EU today but which is greatly amplified for non-EU countries; the asymmetries and tradeoffs between integration and autonomy that are inherent in any attempt to participate in European integration from outside; the alteration of deeply seated legal concepts, and concepts about the law, that are already observable in the most integrated of the non-EU countries concerned. These issues are not transient or coincidental: they are inextricably bound up with the integration of non-EU countries in the EU project. By publishing this collection, we make no claim to have dealt with them in an exhaustive, still less in a definitive manner. Our ambition is more modest: to highlight the relevance of these themes, to place them more firmly on the scientific agenda, and to provide a stimulating basis for future research and reflection.

" Ich habe viele namen " : Polyphonie und Dialogizität im autobiographischen Spätwerk Max Frischs und Friedrich Dürrenmatts

Zusammenfassung: Max Frisch und Friedrich Dürrenmatt, als Dioskuren der Schweizer Literatur zeitlebens aneinandergekettet, haben auf der Suche nach ihrem Selbst immer auch den anderen im Blick. Aus ihrer pointierten, gelegentlich polemischen wechselseitigen Abgrenzung entsteht ein künstlerisch höchst produktiver, impliziter Dialog. Er wird hier erstmals explizit gemacht. Unter den Gesichtspunkten von Polyphonie und Dialogizität wird die Konstruktion und Auflösung des autobiographischen Subjekts untersucht. Diese Fallstudien an einzelnen, repräsentativen Texten der beiden Autoren stellen neue Fragen, die für die gesamte Autobiographiediskussion relevant sind: Bei Dürrenmatts großem ,,Stoffe"-Komplex wird, unter Einbezug der textgenetischen Perspektive, der autobiographische Prozess als das Anprobieren von multiplen Ichs analysiert. Das Problem des Subjekts radikalisiert sich als Problem der Sprache, der "vielen Namen", mit denen sich das Subjekt selbst tauft. Bei Frisch deckt die Studie mit ihrem neuen Ansatz die architektonischen und musikalischen Kompositionsverfahren in "Montauk" und "Holozän" auf, eine Textarchitektur in der Zeit und im Medium der Sprache. Dabei werden bisher unbekannte Entwürfe zu diesen wichtigen Spätwerken Frischs erstmals genutzt und publiziert.