Calcification des grandes artères et risque de fracture ostéoporotique [Aortic calcification and the risk of osteoporotic fractures].

Osteoporosis and atherosclerosis seem to be epidemiologically correlated. Several medical conditions are risk factors for both osteoporosis and atheromatosis (i.e. age, diabetes, end stage renal disease, sedentarity, smoking), but a common pathogenic link may be present beyond this. The burden of cardiovascular events and of osteoporotic fracture is considerable for the health care system in term of costs and resources. However, both diseases are rarely managed together. This article is a review of the recent studies in this new field.

IRM cardiaque en évolution: de grandes études multicentriques en 2012 [Cardiac MR in development: the large multicenter CMR studies in 2012].

The results of several large multicenter CMR studies were reported in 2012, thus, constantly corroborating the evidence on CMR performance. In this review, we present results of the MR-IMPACT programme and the CE-MARC study, which demonstrated the superiority of perfusion-CMR over gated SPECT for the workup of suspected CAD, the currently available data from the European CMR registry, comprising almost 30,000 patients from 57 participating centers in 15 European countries, and finally, the results of the Advisa-MRI study, which documented the safety of a MRI-compatible pacemaker system. These large trials and others set the basis for the recommendations in the new European guidelines on heart failure to use CMR as a first line method if echocardiographic quality is inadequate or the etiology of heart failure is unclear.

Elites nationales ou globalisées ? Les dirigeants des grandes entreprises suisses entre standardisation et spécificités helvétiques (1980-2000)

La globalisation croissante du monde économique suscite un vif débat dans la sociologie des élites. Certains postulent l'émergence d'une classe capitaliste transnationale homogène, tandis que d'autres affirment la persistance de spécificités nationales dans le processus de formation des dirigeants d'entreprises. Pour situer le cas suisse dans ce débat, cet article compare le profil des dirigeants des 110 plus grandes firmes helvétiques en 1980 et en 2000. Les résultats montrent un fort processus d'internationalisation (hausse du nombre d'étrangers) et une modification des profils de formation (augmentation des Masters in Business Administration). La globalisation ne signifie pas pour autant une standardisation des profils puisqu'on observe une grande diversité des parcours professionnels et la persistance de formes de légitimité spécifiques au contexte helvétique.