The Outlaw Pirate Heroine, An Analysis of a Durgā Figure in a 1935 Prabhat Film

(Résumé de l'ouvrage) She kills and destroys. She causes illness and disaster. The wild goddess evokes fear and terror. People worship her with blood-sacrifices and alcohol in order to appease her rage, but also in order to participate in her power for she is at once a force of destruction and a force of regeneration, of life, and of sexuality. Her creative violence reflects the ambivalent power of nature. The idea of frightening goddesses is preserved in regionally different forms throughout South Asia. The Institute for the Science of Religions, University of Berne, and the Museum of Anthropology of the University of Zurich, coordinated a symposium on wild goddesses in India and Nepal. The papers and reports on ongoing research presented at this symposium are published in this volume.

Integrating sexuality into gynaecological consultations: gynaecologists' perspectives

There are currently few studies exploring doctors' personal perspectives on integrating sexuality into medical consultations. This study focuses on the views of gynaecologists on introducing, or not introducing, sexuality into their work. A total of 30 semistructured interviews were conducted with gynaecologists in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. The thematic content analysis and computer-assisted lexical analysis (Alceste) on the interview transcripts highlighted four categories: perceptions and description of sexuality, patient's sexological history, training in sexology and perceived difficulties. It is observed that, above all, the 'medical dimension' characterises gynaecologists' perceptions. Of greater interest is our observation of disparities in gynaecologists' discussion of their practice, which is often the product of lay knowledge based on common sense and/or personal experience. Finally, the decision to integrate questions relating to sexuality seems to depend on non-medical factors such as the personal experience, interest or gender of the doctor.

Accessory tendinous slips arising from the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendon: MRI appearance, prevalence and association with ECU tenosynovitis and tendinopathy

Purpose: To report the MRI features of ECU accessory tendinous slips, assess their observable prevalence and evaluate a potential link between this anatomical variation and ECU tenosynovitis or tendinopathy. Methods and materials: Institutional review board approved this retrospective study, with waiver of patient informed consent. One hundred sixty wrist MRI studies from 158 patients (85 females, 73 males, mean age 45.6 years, range 14-86) performed between March 2008 and February 2009 on a 1.5-T unit were included. MR images were analyzed by two radiologists in consensus. The observable prevalence of ECU accessory tendinous slips was assessed and their origin, diameter and insertion sites were noted. The presence of ECU tenosynovitis and/or tendinopathy was also evaluated. Results: The observable prevalence of ECU accessory tendinous slips was 21.9% (35/160). The origin was always seen: 8 were at the level of, and 27 distal to the ECU subsheath. The slip median diameter was 0.67 mm (range 0.43-0.88). The insertion was seen in 17.1% (6/35): 2 were on the fifth metacarpal bone, 4 on the extensor apparatus of the fifth finger. ECU tenosynovitis (20%), tendinopathy (5.7%) as well as concomitant tenosynovitis and tendinopathy (25.7%) were more frequently encountered in the patients with the anatomical variation than in the control patients group (0.8%, 3.2% and 9.6% respectively). Differences were statistically significant for tenosynovitis (p = 0.0001) and concomitant tenosynovitis and tendinopathy (p = 0.02) of the ECU. Conclusion: ECU accessory tendinous slips are frequent and visible on 1.5-T wrist MRI studies. ECU tenosynovitis and tendinopathy are more frequent in patients bearing this anatomical variation.

L'intégration de la sexualité en consultation gynécologique : discordances entre les perceptions des femmes et celles des gynécologues.

Dès les années 2000, l'Office Fédéral de la Santé Publique recommande aux médecins de premier recours, dont les gynécologues, d'aborder activement la sexualité en consultation, en raison notamment de l'augmentation des infections sexuellement transmissibles asymptomatiques (1ST). Dans le même sens, comme le montrent nombre d'études, plus de 70% des patientes souhaiteraient être interrogées au sujet de leur sexualité en consultation gynécologique. Or, il semble que peu de médecins intègrent systématiquement des questions de sexualité dans leur anamnèse. La revue de la littérature relève que les recherches réalisées à ce jour ont été menées principalement à l'aide de questionnaire selon une perspective naturaliste, qui étudie la sexualité de manière décontextualisée et qui la conçoit comme un invariant biologique et par conséquent universel. Notre objectif est de saisir en profondeur les perceptions et le vécu des gynécologues et des femmes, face à l'intégration de la sexualité en consultation gynécologique. Nous avons adopté une perspective critique en psychologie de la santé (Santiago-Delefosse & Chamberlain, 2008 ; Murray, 2004a ; Lyons & Chamberlain, 2006) qui permet de privilégier d'une part, l'étude de la signification que les sujets donnent à la sexualité dans leur contexte socio-historique et, d'autre part, une vision de l'être humain comprenant des dimensions corporelles, psychologiques et sociétales (Santiago-Delefosse, 2011). Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé un dispositif de méthodes mixtes en deux phases. Dans la première phase, nous avons mené 21 entretiens semi directifs avec des gynécologues hommes et femmes. Puis, nous avons réalisé 3 groupes focalisés (N=16) avec des femmes âgées de 23 à 65 ans. La seconde phase a consisté à créer un questionnaire, élaboré à partir des résultats de la première phase, afin d'élargir l'expérience de l'intégration de la sexualité en consultation, à une population plus diversifiée de femmes (N=421). Les données récoltées par le biais de ces trois méthodes nous ont permis d'esquisser un modèle présentant les processus en jeu dans la situation de non intégration de la sexualité en consultation gynécologique. Celui-ci relève non seulement des lacunes dans le cursus universitaire de médecine en matière de sexualité, mais également d'importantes discordances entre les gynécologues et les femmes interviewés concernant le rôle du gynécologue, la perception de l'intime, la perception d'introduire le sujet de la sexualité en consultation, ainsi que de la définition même de la sexualité. Nos résultats ouvrent sur des perspectives pratiques pour la consultation gynécologique, ainsi que sur des pistes pour des recherches futures dans l'étude de la sexualité, selon une perspective plus intégrative. -- Since the 2000's, the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health recommended primary care physicians, including gynaecologists, to actively address sexuality issues in consultation, namely because of the increasing incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI). In line with this, studies have shown that more than 70% of patients would like to be asked about their sexuality by their gynaecologist. However, physicians do not take systematically sexual histories from their patients. Literature in the field has highlighted that most research has been restricted to using questionnaires following a naturalist theoretical perspective according to which sexual behaviour is defined as biologically invariant, hence, universal. Our objective is to deepen understand perceptions from gynaecologists and women with regard to the integration of sexuality in consultations. A critical health psychology approach allows us to consider on the one hand sexuality as a construct that is inseparable from a given socio-historical context. On the other hand, this approach takes into consideration an embodied, social and psychological definition of human beings. Therefore, we used a mixed methods design that included two main research steps : First, we conducted 21 semi-structured interviews with male and female gynaecologists. In this phase, we also led 3 focus groups made up of 16 women aged from 21 to 65. Second, a survey was implemented (N= 421) based on findings stemming from the first phase. This allowed us to further analyse experiences on the integration of sexuality and to extend findings to a more diversified population of women. The data analysis allowed us to create a model that highlights the processes involved in the non integration of sexuality during gynaecological consultation. It shows a lack of training in sexology within medical programs. Moreover, it emphasises the mismatches on perceptions between gynaecologists and women concerning the gynaecologist's role ; intimacy, the issue of whether introducing sexuality topics, and finally, on the actual definition of sexuality itself. Our findings open new research perspectives for the study of sexuality by proposing a more integrative approach. They also provide practical and clinical perspectives concerning consultations in gynaecology.

Extensor carpi ulnaris accessory tendinous slips (ECUATS): MRI features at 3.0T and correlation with tendinosis : 49

Purpose: To assess the visibility and the features of ECUATS on 3.0-T MRI studies, and evaluate their correlation with tendinosis. Methods and materials: Our retrospective study was approved by IRB, with waiver of informed consent. Fifty wrist MRI and 48 MR arthrographies from 98 patients (55 males, 43 females, mean age 42.3 years) performed between January and November 2009 on 3.0-T units were reviewed. Images (transverse T1, T2, FS Gd T1 and VIBE) were independently analyzed by two radiologists, and a consensus reached with a third reader in case of disagreement. The visibility of ECUATS was assessed on each available transverse sequence. When present, ECUATS' origins, diameters and insertions were noted. ECU tendinosis was also evaluated. Inter-rater agreement was assessed using Cohen's Kappa coefficient. Results: ECUATS observed prevalence was 23.5% (23/98). ECUATS were more frequently noted on the VIBE sequence, with a good inter-rater agreement (Kappa = 0.72). Origins were noted in 95.7% of cases: 3 were at the level of, and 20 distal to ECU subsheath. Insertions were seen in 43.5%: 2 were on 5th metacarpal bone, 8 on extensor apparatus of 5th finger. ECUATS mean shortest and longest diameters were 0.54 and 0.85 mm respectively. ECU tendinosis was statistically more frequently noted in patients with ECUATS (p <0.05). Conclusion: ECUATS are readily visible on 3.0-T MRI studies, especially on transverse GRE VIBE images. ECU tendinosis is more frequently noted in patients bearing ECUATS.

Étude des mécanismes de transfert des fibres en sciences forensiques

RESUME Les fibres textiles sont des produits de masse utilisés dans la fabrication de nombreux objets de notre quotidien. Le transfert de fibres lors d'une action délictueuse est dès lors extrêmement courant. Du fait de leur omniprésence dans notre environnement, il est capital que l'expert forensique évalue la valeur de l'indice fibres. L'interprétation de l'indice fibres passe par la connaissance d'un certain nombre de paramètres, comme la rareté des fibres, la probabilité de leur présence par hasard sur un certain support, ainsi que les mécanismes de transfert et de persistance des fibres. Les lacunes les plus importantes concernent les mécanismes de transfert des fibres. A ce jour, les nombreux auteurs qui se sont penchés sur le transfert de fibres ne sont pas parvenus à créer un modèle permettant de prédire le nombre de fibres que l'on s'attend à retrouver dans des circonstances de contact données, en fonction des différents paramètres caractérisant ce contact et les textiles mis en jeu. Le but principal de cette recherche est de démontrer que la création d'un modèle prédictif du nombre de fibres transférées lors d'un contact donné est possible. Dans le cadre de ce travail, le cas particulier du transfert de fibres d'un tricot en laine ou en acrylique d'un conducteur vers le dossier du siège de son véhicule a été étudié. Plusieurs caractéristiques des textiles mis en jeu lors de ces expériences ont été mesurées. Des outils statistiques (régression linéaire multiple) ont ensuite été utilisés sur ces données afin d'évaluer l'influence des caractéristiques des textiles donneurs sur le nombre de fibres transférées et d'élaborer un modèle permettant de prédire le nombre de fibres qui vont être transférées à l'aide des caractéristiques influençant significativement le transfert. Afin de faciliter la recherche et le comptage des fibres transférées lors des expériences de transfert, un appareil de recherche automatique des fibres (liber finder) a été utilisé dans le cadre de cette recherche. Les tests d'évaluation de l'efficacité de cet appareil pour la recherche de fibres montrent que la recherche automatique est globalement aussi efficace qu'une recherche visuelle pour les fibres fortement colorées. Par contre la recherche automatique perd de son efficacité pour les fibres très pâles ou très foncées. Une des caractéristiques des textiles donneurs à étudier est la longueur des fibres. Afin de pouvoir évaluer ce paramètre, une séquence d'algorithmes de traitement d'image a été implémentée. Cet outil permet la mesure de la longueur d'une fibre à partir de son image numérique à haute résolution (2'540 dpi). Les tests effectués montrent que les mesures ainsi obtenues présentent une erreur de l'ordre du dixième de millimètre, ce qui est largement suffisant pour son utilisation dans le cadre de cette recherche. Les résultats obtenus suite au traitement statistique des résultats des expériences de transfert ont permis d'aboutir à une modélisation du phénomène du transfert. Deux paramètres sont retenus dans le modèle: l'état de la surface du tissu donneur et la longueur des fibres composant le tissu donneur. L'état de la surface du tissu est un paramètre tenant compte de la quantité de fibres qui se sont détachées de la structure du tissu ou qui sont encore faiblement rattachées à celle-ci. En effet, ces fibres sont les premières à se transférer lors d'un contact, et plus la quantité de ces fibres par unité de surface est importante, plus le nombre de fibres transférées sera élevé. La longueur des fibres du tissu donneur est également un paramètre important : plus les fibres sont longues, mieux elles sont retenues dans la structure du tissu et moins elles se transféreront. SUMMARY Fibres are mass products used to produce numerous objects encountered everyday. The transfer of fibres during a criminal action is then very common. Because fibres are omnipresent in our environment, the forensic expert has to evaluate the value of the fibre evidence. To interpret fibre evidence, the expert has to know some parameters as frequency of fibres,' probability of finding extraneous fibres by chance on a given support, and transfer and persistence mechanisms. Fibre transfer is one of the most complex parameter. Many authors studied fibre transfer mechanisms but no model has been created to predict the number of fibres transferred expected in a given type of contact according to parameters as characteristics of the contact and characteristics of textiles. The main purpose of this research is to demonstrate that it is possible to create a model to predict the number of fibres transferred during a contact. In this work, the particular case of the transfer of fibres from a knitted textile in wool or in acrylic of a driver to the back of a carseat has been studied. Several characteristics of the textiles used for the experiments were measured. The data obtained were then treated with statistical tools (multiple linear regression) to evaluate the influence of the donor textile characteristics on the number of úbers transferred, and to create a model to predict this number of fibres transferred by an equation containing the characteristics having a significant influence on the transfer. To make easier the searching and the counting of fibres, an apparatus of automatic search. of fibers (fiber finder) was used. The tests realised to evaluate the efficiency of the fiber finder shows that the results obtained are generally as efficient as for visual search for well-coloured fibres. However, the efficiency of automatic search decreases for pales and dark fibres. One characteristic of the donor textile studied was the length of the fibres. To measure this parameter, a sequence of image processing algorithms was implemented. This tool allows to measure the length of a fibre from it high-resolution (2'540 dpi) numerical image. The tests done shows that the error of the measures obtained are about some tenths of millimetres. This precision is sufficient for this research. The statistical methods applied on the transfer experiment data allow to create a model of the transfer phenomenon. Two parameters are included in the model: the shedding capacity of the donor textile surface and the length of donor textile fibres. The shedding capacity of the donor textile surface is a parameter estimating the quantity of fibres that are not or slightly attached to the structure of the textile. These fibres are easily transferred during a contact, and the more this quantity of fibres is high, the more the number of fibres transferred during the contact is important. The length of fibres is also an important parameter: the more the fibres are long, the more they are attached in the structure of the textile and the less they are transferred during the contact.

Consultation for Disordered Puberty: What Do Adolescent Medicine Patients Teach Us?

The period of adolescence is not only marked by important growth and pubertal events, but is also characterized by important psychosocial changes driven by a search for autonomy and the construction of one's identity. It can thus be easily understood that puberty disorders interfere heavily with these process, requiring from the endocrinologist not only medical knowledge, but also a great deal of emotional and psychological skills. They must progressively move from an educational approach that heavily involves the parents to one of shared information and decision making that places the young patient at the center of the therapeutic process. This can be achieved in several ways: respecting the affective and cognitive development of the adolescent; securing his privacy and (if requested by him) confidentiality; exploring his self-image and self-esteem and adapting the therapeutic process to the patient's expectations; reviewing the teenager's lifestyle, including the issue of sexuality and sexual behavior, and involving him in any therapeutic choice that has to be made, even if it does not match with the parents' expectations. The skills required for this respectful and holistic follow-up often exceed the abilities of any physician; it is thus suggested that a team approach involving a clinical nurse and/or a psychologist and/or social worker(s) be set up whenever possible.

La prima redazione della «Orazione scritta a Carlo V» di Giovanni della Casa

Nel contributo è pubblicata la prima redazione conosciuta dell'Orazione con cui Giovanni della Casa nel 1549 chiese all'imperatore Carlo V la restituzione di Piacenza ai Farnese, loro sottratta dopo l'uccisione di Pier Luigi nel 1547. L'edizione documenta l'elaborazione d'autore con un apparato evolutivo del testo trasmesso dal manoscritto Vaticano Chigiano O vi 80. This article provides an edition of the first known version of Giovanni della Casa's request to the Emperor Charles V (1549) for the restitution of Piacenza to the Farnese family after Pier Luigi's murder in 1547. This edition documents the Author's working out with an evolutional apparatus of the text transmitted by the manuscript Chigiano O vi 80.

Male sexuality-related concerns: what use of the internet?

Purpose: Although young males encounter sexually-related concerns, they are mostly absent from specialized services. Our objective is to assess whether the internet is used by boys to find answers to these types of problems and questions. Methods: In the context of a qualitative study assessing young males' barriers to access sexual and reproductive health facilities, we conducted two focus groups gathering 12 boys aged 17-20. Discussions were triggered through the presentation of four vignettes corresponding to questions posted by 17-20 year old boys and girls on an information website for adolescents (www.ciao.ch), concerning various sexual dysfunction situations. In order to avoid having to talk about their own experience, participants were asked what they would do in those cases. Results: In general, the internet was mentioned quite thoroughly as a means of searching for information through research engines and a place to address professionals for advice.Within the hierarchy of consultation possibilities, the internet was given the first place as a way to deal with these types of problems presenting many advantages: (1) the internet enables to maintain intimacy; (2) it is anonymous (use of a pseudo); (3) it avoids having to confront someone face-to-face with personal problems which can be embarrassing and challenging for one's pride; (4) it is free; and (5) it is accessible at all times. In other words, participants value the internet as a positive tool to avoid many barriers which prevent offline consultations to take place. Most participants consider the internet at least as a first step in trying to solve a problem; for instance, by better defining the seriousness of a problem and judging if it is worth consulting a doctor. However, despite the positive qualities of the internet, they do put forward the importance of having specialists answering questions, trustworthiness, and being followed-up by the same person. Participants suggested that a strategy to break down barriers for boys to consult in face-to-face settings is to have a consultation on the internet as a first step which could then guide the person to an in-person consultation if necessary. Conclusions: The internet as a means of obtaining information or consulting received high marks overall. Although the internet cannot replace an in-person consultation, the screen and the keyboard have the advantage of not involving a face-to-face encounter and raise the possibility of discussing sexual problems anonymously and in private. The internet tools together with other new technologies should continue to develop in a secure manner as a space providing prevention messages and to become an easy access door to sexual and reproductive health services for young men, which can then guide youths to appropriate resource persons. Sources of support: This study was supported by the Maurice Chalumeau Foundation, Switzerland.