Reemergence of dormant Coats disease after 30 years

La maladie de Coats est une vasculopathie non héréditaire. Elle est caractérisée par la présence de télangiectasies rétiniennes idiopathiques, d'exsudats lipidiques intrarétiniens et sousrétiniens, une rétinopathie ischémique et un décollement de rétine exsudative. Cette maladie se présente typiquement dans l'enfance, elle est unilatérale et atteint les hommes dans la majorité des cas. Nous décrivons un cas atypique d'un patient avec une maladie de Coats qui a récidivé 30 ans plus tard malgré un traitement initial efficace. Ce cas illustre l'évolution de la maladie de Coats à long terme. L'enjeu de ce cas est de faire une étude exhaustive des différents traitements possibles de cette maladie. Nous avons réalisé une révision de la littérature des cas de la maladie de Coats qui ont récidivé à long terme. Il y a peu de cas décrits dans la littérature avec un long suivi. En conclusion, la maladie de Coats doit être considérée comme une maladie chronique qui nécessite un suivi à long terme. Cette maladie peut se réveiller et récidiver dans des zones de la rétine, qui n'ont pas été atteintes auparavant, et plusieures décennies plus tard. Le traitement standard de cette maladie est la réalisation d'une cryothérapie et du laser argon dans les zones atteintes de la rétine. Dans les cas où l'exsudation rétinienne est très importante il peut s'avérer de faire un traitement chirurgical avec drainage du liquide sousrétinien, ce qui a été réalisé sur ce patient.

Hyperhomocysteinemia is independently associated with albuminuria in the population-based CoLaus study.

Increased serum levels of homocysteine and uric acid have each been associated with cardiovascular risk. We analyzed whether homocysteine and uric acid were associated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria independently of each other. We also investigated the association of MTHFR polymorphisms related to homocysteine with albuminuria to get further insight into causality. This was a cross-sectional population-based study in Caucasians (n = 5913). Hyperhomocysteinemia was defined as total serum homocysteine ≥ 15 μmol/L. Albuminuria was defined as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio > 30 mg/g. Uric acid was associated positively with homocysteine (r = 0.246 in men and r = 0.287 in women, P < 0.001). The prevalence of albuminuria increased across increasing homocysteine categories (from 6.4% to 17.3% in subjects with normal GFR and from 3.5% to 14.5% in those with reduced GFR, P for trend < 0.005). Hyperhomocysteinemia (OR = 2.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.60-3.08, P < 0.001) and elevated serum uric acid (OR = 1.27, 1.08-1.50, per 100 μmol/L, P = 0.004) were significantly associated with albuminuria, independently of hypertension and type 2 diabetes. The 2-fold higher risk of albuminuria associated with hyperhomocysteinemia was similar to the risk associated with hypertension or diabetes. MTHFR alleles related to higher homocysteine were associated with increased risk of albuminuria. In the general adult population, elevated serum homocysteine and uric acid were associated with albuminuria independently of each other and of renal function.

The TREAT-NMD DMD Global Database: Analysis of More than 7,000 Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Mutations.

Analyzing the type and frequency of patient-specific mutations that give rise to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an invaluable tool for diagnostics, basic scientific research, trial planning, and improved clinical care. Locus-specific databases allow for the collection, organization, storage, and analysis of genetic variants of disease. Here, we describe the development and analysis of the TREAT-NMD DMD Global database (http://umd.be/TREAT_DMD/). We analyzed genetic data for 7,149 DMD mutations held within the database. A total of 5,682 large mutations were observed (80% of total mutations), of which 4,894 (86%) were deletions (1 exon or larger) and 784 (14%) were duplications (1 exon or larger). There were 1,445 small mutations (smaller than 1 exon, 20% of all mutations), of which 358 (25%) were small deletions and 132 (9%) small insertions and 199 (14%) affected the splice sites. Point mutations totalled 756 (52% of small mutations) with 726 (50%) nonsense mutations and 30 (2%) missense mutations. Finally, 22 (0.3%) mid-intronic mutations were observed. In addition, mutations were identified within the database that would potentially benefit from novel genetic therapies for DMD including stop codon read-through therapies (10% of total mutations) and exon skipping therapy (80% of deletions and 55% of total mutations).