Multidimensional Deprivation in Contemporary Switzerland Across Social Groups and Time

We have investigated the phenomenon of deprivation in contemporary Switzerland through the adoption of a multidimensional, dynamic approach. By applying Self Organizing Maps (SOM) to a set of 33 non-monetary indicators from the 2009 wave of the Swiss Household Panel (SHP), we identified 13 prototypical forms (or clusters) of well-being, financial vulnerability, psycho-physiological fragility and deprivation within a topological dimensional space. Then new data from the previous waves (2003 to 2008) were classified by the SOM model, making it possible to estimate the weight of the different clusters in time and reconstruct the dynamics of stability and mobility of individuals within the map. Looking at the transition probabilities between year t and year t+1, we observed that the paths of mobility which catalyze the largest number of observations are those connecting clusters that are adjacent on the topological space.

Business IT Alignment from Business Model to Enterprise Architecture

In this paper, we show how business model modelling can be connected to IT infrastructure, drawing parallels from enterprise architecture models such as ArchiMate. We then show how the proposed visualization based on enterprise architecture, with a strong focus on business model strategy, can help IT alignment, at both the business model and the IT infrastructure level.

Histoire culturelle et représentations transversales de Crans-Montana (1896-2014) : paysages, arts visuels, architecture, littérature et cinéma

La station valaisanne de Crans-Montana est richement représentée par la photographie, la peinture, les affiches et l'architecture. Cette thèse de doctorat s'emploie à réunir un large corpus de photographies et de représentations : peintures, affiches, cartes postales et reproductions de bâtiments emblématiques (voir le corpus illustré et documentaire annexé). Les questions liées à l'identité du territoire et son image sont les fils conducteurs de ce travail qui a débuté en 2008. Un premier ensemble visuel a été réuni par le Dr Théodore Stephani (1868-1951), un acteur fondamental pour l'histoire de la naissance de la station. Médecin, mais également photographe, il réalise une collection de plus de 1300 clichés, réunie en six albums, sur une période de trente-sept ans (1899-1936). Les photographies du médecin, originaire de Genève, fondateur de ce lieu désormais touristique sont le point de départ de cette recherche et son fil rouge. Celle-ci tentera d'articuler des représentations sur l'évolution du paysage et l'urbanisation de la station autour d'acteurs illustres, tels que les peintres Ferdinand Hodler (1853-1918) et Albert Muret (1874-1955), l'écrivain Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz (1878-1947) et les nombreux hôteliers ou médecins qui ont marqué l'histoire de la naissance du Haut-Plateau. Les représentations débutent en 1896 car c'est à ce moment-là que le Dr Stephani s'établit à Montana. Les architectes les plus connus de la première période sont François-Casimir Besson (1869-1944), Markus Burgener (1878-1953), suivi de la deuxième génération autour de Jean-Marie Ellenberger (1913-1988), André Perraudin (1915-2014) et André Gaillard (1921-2010). Parallèlement ou avant eux, les peintres déjà cités, Ferdinand Hodler et Albert Muret, - suivis de René Auberjonois (1872-1957), Henri-Edouard Bercher (1877-1970), Charles-Clos Olsommer (1883-1966), Oskar Kokoschka (1886-1980), Albert Chavaz (1907¬1990), Paul Monnier (1907-1982) et Hans Emi (1909-2015) - qui appartiennent tous à l'histoire culturelle de la région. Quant aux écrivains qui ont résidé dans la région, nous citons Elizabeth von Arnim (1866-1941), sa cousine Katherine Mansfield (1888-1923) alors que l'oeuvre de Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz est largement développée par une interprétation de son oeuvre Le Règne de l'esprit malin (1917) et un clin d'oeil pour Igor Stravinsky (1882¬1971). Nous présenterons aussi les films de trois cinéastes qui se sont inspirés des oeuvres écrites par Ramuz lors de son passage à Lens, à savoir Dimitri Kirsanoff (1899-1957), Claude Goretta (1929) et Francis Reusser (1942). Le concept du « village » est abordé depuis l'exposition nationale suisse (1896) jusqu'au projet des investisseurs russes, à Aminona. Ce « village » est le deuxième mégaprojet de Suisse, après celui d'Andermatt. Si le projet se réalise, l'image de la station s'en trouvera profondément transformée. En 1998, la publication de Au bord de la falaise. L'histoire entre certitudes et inquiétudes amène une grande visibilité aux propositions de Roger Chartier, qui lie l'étude des textes aux objets matériels et les usages qu'ils engendrent dans la société. Il définit l'histoire culturelle comme "une histoire culturelle du social" alors que pour Pascal Ory, une histoire culturelle est "comme une forme d'histoire sociale", ce qui revient presque au même, mais nous choisirons celle d'Ory pour une histoire sociale du paysage et de l'architecture. Ce travail adopte ainsi plusieurs points de vue : l'histoire sociale, basée sur les interviews de nombreux protagonistes de l'histoire locale, et l'histoire de l'art qui permet une sélection d'objets emblématiques ; l'histoire culturelle offre ainsi une méthode transversale pour lire et relier ces différents regards ou points de vue entre les paysages, les arts visuels, l'architecture, la littérature et le cinéma.

Tales of the City. Storytelling as a contemporary tool of urban planning and design

Almost thirty years ago, as the social sciences underwent their 'discursive turn', Bernardo Secchi (1984) drew, in what he called the 'urban planning narrative', the attention of planners to the production of myths, turning an activity often seen as primarily technical into one centred around the production of images and ideas. This conception of planning practice gave rise to a powerful current of research in English-speaking countries. Efforts were made to both combine the urban planning narrative with storytelling and to establish storytelling as a prescriptive or descriptive model for planning practice. Thus, just as storytelling is supposed to have led democratic communication off track through a pronounced concern for a good story, storytelling applied to the field of urban production may have led to an increasing preoccupation with staging and showmanship for projects to the detriment of their real inclusion in political debate. It is this possible transformation of the territorial action that will be the focus of the articles collected in this special issue of Articulo - Journal of urban research.

Population Variation and Genetic Control of Modular Chromatin Architecture in Humans.

Chromatin state variation at gene regulatory elements is abundant across individuals, yet we understand little about the genetic basis of this variability. Here, we profiled several histone modifications, the transcription factor (TF) PU.1, RNA polymerase II, and gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines from 47 whole-genome sequenced individuals. We observed that distinct cis-regulatory elements exhibit coordinated chromatin variation across individuals in the form of variable chromatin modules (VCMs) at sub-Mb scale. VCMs were associated with thousands of genes and preferentially cluster within chromosomal contact domains. We mapped strong proximal and weak, yet more ubiquitous, distal-acting chromatin quantitative trait loci (cQTL) that frequently explain this variation. cQTLs were associated with molecular activity at clusters of cis-regulatory elements and mapped preferentially within TF-bound regions. We propose that local, sequence-independent chromatin variation emerges as a result of genetic perturbations in cooperative interactions between cis-regulatory elements that are located within the same genomic domain.

'Freakish Fat', 'Wretched Black': Female abject beings in contemporary Colombian media and culture

This paper explores the construction of female abject beings in Colombian contemporary media and culture comparing a character in the 2010 telenovela Chepe Fortuna named Venezuela, and the cultural representation of Piedad Córdoba. I argue that the construction of these two characters as abject beings is coherent with the dominant discourse of Alvaro Uribe's national project, which relied on a strong nationalist rhetoric based on binary oppositions of the type "we/other." In this context both Chepe Fortuna's Venezuela and Piedad Córdoba are constructed as "other." While Venezuela's abjection is partly effected on the basis of her being fat and black, Córdoba's is on the basis of her being a left-wing politician, and mediated through her being a black female. These two instances evidence an approach to femaleness that goes hand-in-hand with particular understandings of female subjectivity within current post-feminist paradigms.

Retinal damage induced by commercial light emitting diodes (LEDs).

Spectra of "white LEDs" are characterized by an intense emission in the blue region of the visible spectrum, absent in daylight spectra. This blue component and the high intensity of emission are the main sources of concern about the health risks of LEDs with respect to their toxicity to the eye and the retina. The aim of our study was to elucidate the role of blue light from LEDs in retinal damage. Commercially available white LEDs and four different blue LEDs (507, 473, 467, and 449nm) were used for exposure experiments on Wistar rats. Immunohistochemical stain, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot were used to exam the retinas. We evaluated LED-induced retinal cell damage by studying oxidative stress, stress response pathways, and the identification of cell death pathways. LED light caused a state of suffering of the retina with oxidative damage and retinal injury. We observed a loss of photoreceptors and the activation of caspase-independent apoptosis, necroptosis, and necrosis. A wavelength dependence of the effects was observed. Phototoxicity of LEDs on the retina is characterized by a strong damage of photoreceptors and by the induction of necrosis.