369 resultados para Malades mentaux--Soins de longue durée--Québec (Province)--Québec


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Hypnosis is recognised in medicine as an effective complementary therapy. However, few qualitative data are available concerning the benefits it may bring. This qualitative exploratory study aimed to examine the contribution of hypnosis to the care of advanced cancer patients. Results demonstrate that hypnosis is an effective and efficient means of developing the resources of people suffering from serious illness. After an average of four hypnotherapy sessions, patients said they were able to locate previously unexploited resources within themselves and were able to become autonomous in the use of self-hypnosis. The major benefit reported concerned a reduction in anxiety. For patients experiencing anxiety about death, hypnosis allowed them, within a therapeutic environment perceived as safe, to explore different facets of their fears and to develop adaptive strategies. Aside from slight fatigue experienced during the sessions, no adverse side-effects were reported. In conclusion, this study exploring the effects of hypnosis allowed us to identify important benefits for patients suffering from advanced cancer. Consequently, replication on a larger scale is recommended in order to ascertain the extent to which it is possible to generalise from these results and in order better to define the characteristics of patients most likely to benefit from this therapy.

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La thèse montre le développement parallèle, entre le XIXe et le début du XXe siècle, de la prise en charge sociale et médicale des personnes ayant des infirmités corporelles en Suisse romande. Au cours de cette période, qui fait suite à l'avènement de la médecine clinique, bon nombre de personnes atteintes de maladie chronique, déformations osseuses, paralysie ou « infirmités de l'âge » sont déclarées incurables ou infirmes et chassées des hôpitaux, au profit des cas cliniques guérissables. Elles sont alors « récupérées », d'une part, par des institutions philanthropiques émanant de milieux ecclésiastiques ou médicaux, parfois conservateurs. D'autre part, dans les cantons romands institués au début du siècle suite à la Révolution helvétique, un certain nombre de lois viennent renforcer le pouvoir des nouveaux gouvernements autonomes, imposant notamment leurs objectifs institutionnels dans les domaines de la santé et de l'assistance. La seconde moitié du siècle voit aussi l'avènement de l'Etat progressiste promu par les radicaux ainsi que de la médecine universitaire dite moderne, favorisant l'essor d'institutions privées puis publiques visant la curabilité et l'éducation des personnes atteintes de déficiences physiques, principalement les enfants. La rencontre entre charité privée et assistance publique en matière de prise en charge sociale et médicale de l'infirmité est alors souvent complémentaire, parfois aussi conflictuelle, reflétant les enjeux sociaux, économiques, politiques et culturels qui se jouent autour des conceptions du corps individuel, mais aussi du corps social.La thèse examine donc, dans une première partie intitulée « L'assistance des infirmes et des incurables : lois et institutions d'une nouvelle problématique sociale », les constructions institutionnelles et normatives du secours organisé dans les différents cantons romands par les pouvoirs publics et la philanthropie, où s'expriment médecins, politiques et théologiens sur les catégories d'individus déclarés incurables et infirmes. En interrogeant le passage de l'incurabilité à la curabilité, la seconde partie de la thèse, intitulée « La médecine de la scoliose au pied bot : développement de thérapies techniques et physiques autour du corps infirme », se centre ensuite sur l'histoire médicale ayant trait au corps handicapé, prenant comme terrain d'investigation les cantons de Vaud et de Genève du fait du rayonnement et de l'essor des Hôpitaux cantonaux et des Facultés dedecine dans ces deux régions au cours du XIXe siècle. Tout en s'intéressant aux diverses affections concernées, la scoliose et le pied bot, considérés comme des affections orthopédiques typiques du XIXe siècle, constituent une sorte de fil rouge heuristique qui traverse le siècle, permettant de comprendre l'histoire médicale du corps infirme dans ses multiples dimensions : l'essor d'institutions et de disciplines médicales, les développements techniques, les théories et les pratiques des divers champs médicaux tels que l'orthopédie, la chirurgie et certaines thérapies physiques (hydrothérapie, massage, gymnastique médicale, mécanothérapie) ; une interrogation portant sur les rapports sociaux de sexe ainsi que sur les rapports de classe permet d'affiner l'analyse. L'ensemble de la thèse est en outre ponctuée d'exemples de parcours de vie de personnes dites infirmes, incurables, ou désignées comme « cas orthopédiques », soit par l'évocation des « experts » sociaux et médicaux, soit, plus rarement, par les témoignages des principaux concernés. L'examen de l'ensemble de ces processus vise à l'élaboration d'une histoire inédite de la prise en charge sociale et médicale du corps handicapé en Suisse romande au cours du « long » XIXe siècle, participant aussi à l'histoire socioculturelle des représentations du handicap corporel.

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In order to be effective, access to prehospital care must be integrated into a system described as "the chain of survival". This system is composed of 5 essential phases: 1) basic help by witnesses; 2) call for help; 3) basic life support; 4) professional rescue and transport to the appropriate institution and 5) access to emergency ward and hospital management. Each phase is characterized by a specific organization, dedicated skills and means in order to increase the level of care brought to the patient. This article describes the organization, the utility and the specificity of the chain of survival allowing access to prehospital medical care in the western part of Switzerland.

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Cancer patients have physical, social, spiritual and emotional needs. They may suffer from severe physical symptoms, from social isolation, spiritual abandonment, and emotions such as sadness and anxiety, or feelings of deception, helplessness, anger and guilt. In some of them, the disease is rapidly progressing and ultimately they die. Their demanding care evokes intense feelings in health care providers, the more since these incurable patients represent a challenge, which could be condensed under the heading "the challenge of medical omnipotence". We suppose that the way health care providers cope with these circumstances has a profound influence on the way these patients are cared for. The attitudes towards the emerging heterogeneous movement of palliative and supportive care and towards its different models of implementation can be viewed from this point of view. We try to demonstrate these interrelations and to discuss the danger that may arise if they remain obscure and unreflected.

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Le présent rapport se propose d'identifier la manière dont la prévention des pathologies professionnelles retenues dans le cadre de l'étude (pathologies dues à des substances chimiques ou facteurs physiques: amiante, bruit, ciment, huiles de coupe, isocyanates, poussières de bois, résines époxy) ainsi que des cancers professionnels est abordée dans les pays sélectionnés et de décrire des campagnes ayant fait la preuve de leur efficacité et perçues comme susceptibles d'être reprises en Suisse.

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BACKGROUND: In the United States, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) has developed 20 Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs) to measure the occurrence of hospital adverse events from medico-administrative data coded according to the ninth revision of the international classification of disease (ICD-9-CM). The adaptation of these PSIs to the WHO version of ICD-10 was carried out by an international consortium. METHODS: Two independent teams transcoded ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes proposed by the AHRQ into ICD-10-WHO. Using a Delphi process, experts from six countries evaluated each code independently, stating whether it was "included", "excluded" or "uncertain". During a two-day meeting, the experts then discussed the codes that had not obtained a consensus, and the additional codes proposed. RESULTS: Fifteen PSIs were adapted. Among the 2569 proposed diagnosis codes, 1775 were unanimously adopted straightaway. The 794 remaining codes and 2541 additional codes were discussed. Three documents were prepared: (1) a list of ICD-10-WHO codes for the 15 adapted PSIs; (2) recommendations to the AHRQ for the improvement of the nosological frame and the coding of PSI with ICD-9-CM; (3) recommendations to the WHO to improve ICD-10. CONCLUSIONS: This work allows international comparisons of PSIs among the countries using ICD-10. Nevertheless, these PSIs must still be evaluated further before being broadly used.

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La dépendance à l'alcool est une maladie chronique fréquente aux conséquences multiples qui nécessite un suivi à long terme. Le Service de la santé publique du canton de Vaud a décidé de mettre en place, sur l'ensemble du canton, un dispositif d'indication et de suivi alcoologique coordonné. Les buts d'un tel dispositif, exposé dans le présent article, sont de standardiser l'évaluation, la prise en charge et le suivi des patients alcoolo-dépendants, d'augmenter l'accessibilité aux soins en favorisant des approches thérapeutiques moins lourdes, et d'assurer une meilleure transition entre les structures résidentielles et le réseau ambulatoire. Ce dispositif vise à offrir une meilleure accessibilité aux soins spécialisés, à améliorer la rétention au traitement et une réduction des rechutes.

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Recent progress in medicine allow to provide treatment, to cure or to extend the lifespan of people that would have not survived before. Doctors and healthcare providers have become indispensable actors in Western societies. This is particularly true for children's health issues. With the new information technologies, knowledge is now available to everyone, which enables patients to dialog on an equal footing with the physician. Nowadays, therapeutic choices are discussed and negotiated. The new tensions caused by this relationship between therapist and patient have created the need for new regulations. The Swiss Confederation has modified its Civil Code with the objective of a better protection of vulnerable individuals. This article summarizes the consequences of the new regulations with regard to the care and treatment provided to children.

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In the Cape Caribou River allochthon (CCRA), metaigneous and gneissic units occur as a shallowly plunging synform in the hanging wall of the Grand Lake thrust system (GLTS), a Grenvillian structure that forms the boundary between the Mealy Mountains and Groswater Bay terranes. The layered rocks of the CCRA are cut by a stockwork of monzonite dykes related to the Dome Mountain suite and by metadiabase-amphibolite dykes that probably form part of the ca. 1380 Ma Mealy swarm. The mafic dykes appear to postdate much of the development of subhorizontal metamorphic layering within the lower parts of the CCRA. The uppermost (least metamorphosed) units of the CCRA, the North West River anorthosite-metagabbro and the Dome Mountain monzonite suite, have been dated at 1625 +/- 6 and 1626 +/- 2 Ma, respectively. An amphibolite unit that concordantly underlies the anorthosite-metagabbro and is intruded discordantly by monzonite dykes has given metamorphic ages of 1660 +/- 3 and 1631 +/- 2 Ma. Granitoid gneisses that form the lowest level of the CCRA have given a migmatization age of 1622 +/- 6 Ma. The effects of Grenvillian metamorphism become apparent in the lower levels of the allochthon where gneisses, amphibolite, and mafic dykes have given new generation zircon ages of 1008 +/- 2, 1012 +/- 3, and 1011 +/- 3 Ma, respectively. A posttectonic pegmatite has also given zircon and monazite ages of 1016(-3)(+7) and 1013 +/- 3 Ma, respectively. Although these results indicate new growth of Grenvillian zircon, this process was generally not accompanied by penetrative deformation or melting. Thus, the formation of gneissic fabrics and the overall layered nature of the lower CCRA are a result primarily of Labradorian (1660-1620 Ma) tectonism and intrusion, and probably reflect early movement on an ancestral GLTS. Grenvillian heating and metamorphism (up to granulite facies) was strongly concentrated towards the base of the CCRA and probably occurred during northwestward thrusting of the allochthon over the Groswater Bay terrane.