L'art. 320 al. 2 CO: une règle compatible avec les dispositions sur la conclusion des contrats?

Le Tribunal fédéral et la doctrine majoritaire interprètent l'art. 320 al. 2 CO comme un cas où l'existence d'un contrat de travail peut être déduite de circonstances de fait indépendantes de tout consensus. Il s'agirait donc là d'une dérogation aux art. 1 ss CO. Dans cette contribution, nous proposons une conception de l'art. 320 al. 2 CO compatible avec le mécanisme ordinaire de conclusion des contrats. En l'occurrence, le contrat de travail serait conclu par actes concluants sur la base d'un accord de droit, c'est-à-dire en appliquant le principe de la confiance. Alors que la lettre et le but de protection de l'art. 320 al. 2 CO semblent plutôt neutres à cet égard, l'histoire et la systématique de cet alinéa plaident clairement en faveur de la conception ici proposée.

Hyperuricaemia and gout: state of the art and future perspectives.

Major progress has been made in the past decade in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of gout. These advances include identification of the genetic and environmental risk factors for gout, recognition that gout is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, elucidation of the pathways regulating the acute gout attack and the development of novel therapeutic agents to treat both the acute and chronic phases of the disease. This review summarises these advances and highlights the research agenda for the next decade.

Neural plasticity associated with recently versus often heard objects.

In natural settings the same sound source is often heard repeatedly, with variations in spectro-temporal and spatial characteristics. We investigated how such repetitions influence sound representations and in particular how auditory cortices keep track of recently vs. often heard objects. A set of 40 environmental sounds was presented twice, i.e. as prime and as repeat, while subjects categorized the corresponding sound sources as living vs. non-living. Electrical neuroimaging analyses were applied to auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) comparing primes vs. repeats (effect of presentation) and the four experimental sections. Dynamic analysis of distributed source estimations revealed i) a significant main effect of presentation within the left temporal convexity at 164-215ms post-stimulus onset; and ii) a significant main effect of section in the right temporo-parietal junction at 166-213ms. A 3-way repeated measures ANOVA (hemisphere×presentation×section) applied to neural activity of the above clusters during the common time window confirmed the specificity of the left hemisphere for the effect of presentation, but not that of the right hemisphere for the effect of section. In conclusion, spatio-temporal dynamics of neural activity encode the temporal history of exposure to sound objects. Rapidly occurring plastic changes within the semantic representations of the left hemisphere keep track of objects heard a few seconds before, independent of the more general sound exposure history. Progressively occurring and more long-lasting plastic changes occurring predominantly within right hemispheric networks, which are known to code for perceptual, semantic and spatial aspects of sound objects, keep track of multiple exposures.