363 resultados para comportements de santé
Resumo:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the main cause of morbidity and mortality in our society. CoLaus is a population-based health examination survey started in 2003 in Lausanne in order to assess: 1. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, 2. New genetic determinants of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, 3. Association of mood disorders with incidence of cardiovascular events and 4. Trends in prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. In order to do so, over 6000 subjects (ages 35-75 years) provided data on CVD risk factors. Herein we provide preliminary results of this study, in particular on classical risk factors such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes. Implications and perspectives of this population based-study for public health and genetic studies are also discussed.
Resumo:
The family doctor facing complexity must decide in situations of low certainty and low agreement. Complexity is in part subjective but can also be measured. Changes in the health systems aim to reduce health costs. They tend to give priority to simple situations and to neglect complexity. One role of an academic institute of family medicine is to present and promote the results of scientific research supporting the principles of family medicine, taking into account both the local context and health systems reforms. In Switzerland the new challenge is the introduction of managed care.
Resumo:
Cet article se penche sur la santé des personnes de plus de 50 ans au travail et à la retraite, et présente quelques points forts d'une étude menée dans le cadre de la fondation Charlotte Olivier, dont les résultats complets ont été publiés sous forme de brochure accessible à un large public. Notre propos principal ici n'est pas de mettre en évidence "ce que les employé-e-s agé-e-s peuvent faire pour l'entreprise", mais bien un état des lieux en termes de santé publique de l'alternative "travail versus retraite", qui faisait encore défaut.
Resumo:
La quantité de déchets ménagers et industriels ne cesse d'augmenter. Le tri sélectif des ordures est devenu systématique dans beaucoup de municipalités européennes et le compostage industriel des matières organiques par maturation accélérée en système clos a acquis une place prépondérante. Cependant, ce type de compostage nécessite une forte concentration de divers micro-organismes. Il en résulte un risque microbiologique aéroporté encore mal évalué pour les travailleurs exposés à ces atmosphères chargées en bioaérosols (bactéries, champignons et endotoxines en suspension dans l'air). [Auteur]
Resumo:
The oral health of disadvantaged social groups is worse at all the ages than that of the favored groups. If tooth decay prevalence decreases, this disease is still unequally distributed: 20% of the children, those with the weakest socio-economic statute (SES), concentrate 60% of the decays. Edentulism strikes significantly more people with weak SES. The inequalities of oral health reflect those of general health. Evidence of the inequalities in oral health is exposed even in the developed countries. Different models of intervention are presented: risk groups identification and targeting by specific programs; oral health community approach which includes socio-economic and public health measures aiming all the population; insurance approach to be combined with the preceding ones.
Resumo:
OBJECTIVE: To describe the goals and methods of contemporary public health surveillance and to present the activities of the Observatoire Valaisan de la Santé (OVS), a tool unique in Switzerland to conduct health surveillance for the population of a canton. METHODS: Narrative review and presentation of the OVS. RESULTS: Public health surveillance consists of systematic and continuous collection, analysis, interpretation and dissemination of health data necessary for public health planning. Surveillance is organized according to contemporary public health issues. Switzerland is currently in an era dominated by chronic diseases due to ageing of the population. This "new public health" era is also characterized by the growing importance of health technology, rational risk management, preventive medicine and health promotion, and the central role of the citizen/patient. Information technologies provide access to new health data, but public health surveillance methods need to be adapted. In Switzerland, health surveillance activities are conducted by several public and private bodies, at federal and cantonal levels. The Valais canton has set up the OVS, an integrative, regional, and reactive system to conduct surveillance. CONCLUSION: Public health surveillance provides information useful for public health decisions and actions. It constitutes a key element for public health planning.
Resumo:
Dans les pays industrialisés, 20% des salariés sont concernés par le travail de nuit. Pourtant, les effets du travail de nuit sur la santé sont peu traités par les revues médicales générales, alors que le travail de nuit a des conséquences non négligeables sur les systèmes cardiovasculaires et digestifs entre autres, comme l'ont démontré de nombreuses études ces dernières décennies. Le travail de nuit a encore récemment attiré l'attention quand il a été déclaré cancérigène probable (catégorie 2A) par le Centre international de recherches sur le cancer. Ainsi dans cet article, seront passés en revue les troubles de la santé qui peuvent être générés ou aggravés par le travail de nuit. Deux cas pratiques illustreront la problématique et permettront d'aborder la conduite à tenir. 20% of employees in industrialized countries are concerned by shift work. Nevertheless, there is very little information in general medical journals about the effects of shift work on health. Shift work can have several major effects on health such as cardiovascular and digestive disorders among others, as demonstrated by several studies in recent decades. Shift work has attracted considerable attention recently when it was declared probable carcinogen by the International Agency for research on cancer. We review the health disorders that may be generated or aggravated by shift work and illustrate the problem by two case studies of occupational medicine and discuss the appropriate attitude to take
Resumo:
This thesis has been conducted in the context of a lifestyle intervention in 40 Swiss kindergarten classes in the cantons St. Gallen and Vaud, in areas with a high migrant prevalence (Ballabeina study). The main objective of this work was to fill certain gaps of the literature and to bring a better understanding of the risk factors of overweight and obesity and their determinants in preschool children. Our data show that parental migrant status and educational level influence independently of each other adiposity and/or eating habits in these children. In addition, sports club participation at this young age seems to be a better indicator of healthy lifestyle characteristics in terms of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and eating habits than weight status. Finally, we found that in this population higher scores of hyperactivity/inattention are associated with lower adiposity and with both healthy (more physical activity and less sedentary activity) and unhealthy (more television viewing and more unhealthy eating habits) lifestyle characteristics. Thus, our findings can be used by different actors of health and education system to better target their preventive actions and can serve as a basis for future complementary researches. - Cette thèse a été réalisée dans le cadre d'un projet de promotion de la santé mené dans 40 classes enfantines suisses issues de régions à forte prévalence migrante des cantons de St. Gall et de Vaud (étude Ballabeina). L'objectif principal de ce travail était de combler certaines lacunes de la littérature et d'approfondir nos connaissances sur les facteurs de risque du surpoids et de l'obésité et de leurs déterminants chez les enfants d'âge préscolaire. Nos analyses montrent que le statut de migrant des parents et leur niveau d'éducation influencent indépendamment l'un de l'autres l'adiposité et les habitudes alimentaires chez ces enfants. De plus, à ce jeune âge la participation dans un club de sport semble être un meilleur indicateur de style de vie sain en termes d'activité physique, de comportements sédentaires et d'habitudes alimentaires que le statut pondéral. Nous avons également trouvé que dans cette population, un score plus élevé d'hyperactivité/inattention est associé aussi bien à des caractéristiques de style de vie saines (plus d'activité physique, moins d'activité sédentaire) que malsaines (plus de consommation de télévision et moins bonnes habitudes alimentaire. Ainsi, nos résultats peuvent aider les différents acteurs de la santé et de l'éducation à mieux cibler leurs actions de prévention et servir de base à de futures recherches complémentaires.
Resumo:
Given the important modifications of the "Loi sur l'Assurance maladie (LAMal)", this article gives a contribution to the hospital planification by identifying the main factors that have determined the current organisation of the psychiatric care network. We notice a gap between the orientations of these networks and the funding scheme forecast in the framework of the LAMal. In order to preserve the progressions of these last years and to avoid the negative effects of a too restrictive funding act for the assignment of the public psychiatry, the planification must result in a consensus between the state, the insurances and the multiple actors of the mental health. Otherwise, this will be done to the detriment of the activities of secondary prevention, of coordination in the network, of support to the natural helpers, and of intervention to the vulnerable populations.
Resumo:
Ce cas décrit la structure organisationnelle en place dans une régie régionale de la santé et des services sociaux, ainsi que le processus de prise de décision pour un dossier particulier : la mise en oeuvre d'un programme d'interruption volontaire de grossesses dans la région. L'objectif est d'illustrer comment la structure organisationnelle peut influencer (positivement ou négativement) la façon de traiter les dossiers et les résultats qui en découlent. [Auteurs]