154 resultados para Construction -- Ouvrages avant 1800
Resumo:
Granitic and mafic magma pulses were sequentially accreted in the spectacularly exposed shallow crustal Torres del Paine laccolith, in southern Patagonia. This 12.5 Ma pluton forms a composite intrusion with a subvertical feeding system in the west and a laccolith in the east. A key unknown in the formation of sill complexes is how individual magma pulses are assembled over time and the geometry and localization of their feeding system. High resolution zircon CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb dating shows that the laccolith grew first by under-accretion of granitic sills over 90 +/- 30 ka, linked to a `sheet-like' feeding system, followed by underplating of mafic sills after similar to 20 ka of quiescence. In the mafic sills complex, individual sills were injected by over-accretion during 41 +/- 11 ka. Our data show that successive granitic and mafic magmas emplacement generated a volume of similar to 88 km(3) in 162 +/- 11 ka. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
Cette recherche teste l'hypothèse de l'intervention d'un biais de confirmation d'hypothèse dans la procédure actuelle de construction des questionnaires d'internalité. Dans une étude pilote, 18 étudiants ont produit des explications en vue de la construction d'un questionnaire d'internalité soit en ayant connaissance de l'existence d'une norme d'internalité vs d'une norme d'externalité, soit sans activation expérimentale de cette connaissance (condition "contrôle"). Dans une première étude, 32 étudiants ont évalué le lieu de causalité et la plausibilité des explications produites dans l'étude pilote. Dans une seconde étude, 113 étudiants ont évalué la valeur sociale de ces explications internes et externes dans une situation de recrutement. Les résultats indiquent tout d'abord que le biais de confirmation influence les individus lorsqu'ils sont amenés à produire des explications internes et externes. On observe ainsi que la différence en faveur des explications internes sur la plausibilité (étude 1) et sur la valeur sociale (étude 2) est plus marquée en condition "norme d'internalité" qu'en condition "contrôle", et plus dans cette dernière condition que dans la condition "norme d'externalité". De plus, les résultats obtenus dans la condition "contrôle" suggèrent que les explications internes sont plus plausibles (étude 1) et plus valorisées que les explications externes (étude 2). Ainsi, si cette recherche confirme l'impact du biais de confirmation d'hypothèse, elle suggère également l'existence d'une norme d'internalité dans la pensée sociale.
Resumo:
The Plateforme Interdisciplinaire of the University of Lausanne is at the crossroad of soft and hard sciences. We question the place and the role of languages and scientific cultures in the construction and the transmission of knowledge. The examples - from the fields of law, health, mathematics, neurosciences and university education - exceed a conception of languages as transparent vehicles for ideas and discoveries. They enable to consider the diversity of languages and scientific cultures as a mean for a " thick standardization" of science, integrating and valuing the double need for conceptual depth and accessibility of scientific discourse.
Resumo:
For centuries, teachers have complained about their salaries. In the Stapfer inquiry of 1799, some teachers made remarks about financial issues, particularly their low incomes. This inquiry is the main source for the arguments presented here regarding teachers' low salary during this period of the Helvetic Republic. The disparity between the lowest and the highest income was huge in 1799. This fact invites investigations about the people who complained. The evidence indicates incoherence between the complaints regarding low salary and the real income that was earned by these teachers. However, in order for this thesis to be wholly understood, the salaries must be explained; at the time of the Stapfer inquiry, salaries were paid in different currencies, as wages in kind and using divergent measurements. The present article aims to determine who these teachers were and why they complained. The arguments presented by the teachers shed light on the topics of political appeals, the social status of teachers in 1800 and the professionalisation of teachers.