Rein et tabac : revue de la littérature et mise au point [Kidney and smoking: literature review and focus].

Smoking remains a major public health problem. It is associated with a considerable number of deaths in the world's population. Smoking is just like high blood pressure, an independent predictor of progression to any primary renal disease and renal transplant patients. It seems that smoking cessation slows the progression of kidney disease in smokers. The literature data are sometimes contradictory about it because of some methodological weaknesses. However, experimental models highlight the harmful effects of tobacco by hemodynamic and non-hemodynamic factors. The conclusion is that a major effort should be further produced by the nephrology community to motivate our patients to stop smoking.

Analyse des besoins du système de prise en charge des addictions en Suisse: Module 1 : revue de littérature

Le but de cette étude est d'explorer et de définir, par une analyse des besoins, si l'offre actuelle en services dans le domaine des addictions est encore adaptée à la situation épidémiologique actuelle des addictions, à l'évolution des types de comportements liés à la dépendance et aux besoins des clients. Il s'agit en particulier de répondre aux questions suivantes: Existe-t-il actuellement des besoins en traitement pour lesquels il n'existe aucune offre appropriée ? Quels groupes ne sont pas ou sont insuffisamment atteints par l'offre existante? A quels genres de problèmes liés à la dépendance et à quels nouveaux besoins des clients les structures oeuvrant dans le domaine de la dépendance sont-elles confrontées? Quels sont les besoins d'adaptation du système de prise en charge nécessaires concernant soit les groupes-cibles de services, soit les types d'offres - en particulier le besoin en nouveaux concepts/modèles de prise en charge pour répondre à l'évolution des besoins? Comment ces structures font-elles face à l'accroissement de l'usage de multiples substances (multi-consommation)?

In vivo fate mapping with SCL regulatory elements identifies progenitors for primitive and definitive hematopoiesis in mice.

One of the principal issues facing biomedical research is to elucidate developmental pathways and to establish the fate of stem and progenitor cells in vivo. Hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell formation, provides a powerful experimental system for investigating this process. Here, we employ transcriptional regulatory elements from the stem cell leukemia (SCL) gene to selectively label primitive and definitive hematopoiesis. We report that SCL-labelled cells arising in the mid to late streak embryo give rise to primitive red blood cells but fail to contribute to the vascular system of the developing embryo. Restricting SCL-marking to different stages of foetal development, we identify a second population of multilineage progenitors, proficient in contributing to adult erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid cells. The distinct lineage-restricted potential of SCL-labelled early progenitors demonstrates that primitive erythroid cell fate specification is initiated during mid gastrulation. Our data also suggest that the transition from a hemangioblastic precursors with endothelial and blood forming potential to a committed hematopoietic progenitor must have occurred prior to SCL-marking of definitive multilineage blood precursors.

Médecine interne générale ambulatoire: quelques enseignements de la littérature en 2005 [Primary care in general internal medicine: relevant information in 2005]

During the year 2005, the chief residents of the University Medical Outpatient Clinic of Lausanne have done a database of useful articles for daily practice, scientifically validated and with excellent didactic quality, from 10 electronic journals. They have used those selected articles in personal meetings between the chief residents on a regular basis and the possibility to access the database by the junior physicians. Six of these articles concerning different topics (depression, tuberculosis detection, anticoagulation at home, cholinesterase inhibitors, insomnia and therapies, transdermal nitroglycerin and tendinopathies) are presented.