Temporalités des commémorations du Centenaire sur Twitter

Du 1er avril 2014 au 1er avril 2015, plus d'un million de tweets ont été émis sur les commémorations du centenaire de la Première Guerre mondiale. Ces tweets, qui ont été collectés par l'auteur de cette proposition sur la base de hashtags liés au centenaire, contiennent de nombreuses traces de temporalités : le flux (twitter), le tweet (date de publication), mais aussi les nombreuses références aux temporalités propres aux utilisateurs de twitter, au Centenaire et à la Première Guerre mondiale. L'historien ne peut alors que se poser la question suivante : de quelle manière ces temporalités sont-elles reliées entre elles ? Comment s'imbriquent ces différentes strates de temps ?

Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration Enhances Rural Livelihoods in Dryland West Africa

Declining agricultural productivity, land clearance and climate change are compounding the vulnerability of already marginal rural populations in West Africa. 'Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration' (FMNR) is an approach to arable land restoration and reforestation that seeks to reconcile sustained food production, conservation of soils and protection of biodiversity. It involves selecting and protecting the most vigorous stems regrowing from live stumps of felled trees, pruning off all other stems, and pollarding the chosen stems to grow into straight trunks. Despite widespread enthusiasm and application of FMNR by environmental management and development projects, to date, no research has provided a measure of the aggregate livelihood impact of community adoption of FMNR. This paper places FMNR in the context of other agroforestry initiatives, then seeks to quantify the value of livelihood outcomes of FMNR. We review published and unpublished evidence about the impacts of FMNR, and present a new case study that addresses gaps in the evidence base. The case study focuses on a FMNR project in the district of Talensi in the semi-arid Upper East Region in Ghana. The case study employs a Social Return on Investment (SROI) analysis, which identifies proxy financial values for non-economic as well as economic benefits. The results demonstrate income and agricultural benefits, but also show that asset creation, increased consumption of wild resources, health improvements and psycho-social benefits created more value in FMNR-adopting households during the period of the study than increases in income and agricultural yields.

Voting advice applications : impact on voting decisions in the 2011 Swiss national elections

In most democracies voting Advice Applications (VAAs) advising citizens which candidate or party they should vote for become more and more popular. It is therefore crucial to know more about the functioning and the effects of such tools. After some general remarks about the spread of these tools and their possible effects gathered so far in various studies, this paper presents the latest results from a research conducted in the course of the 2011 Swiss national elections. They confirm that VAAs can lead to better informed voters and are likely to have a positive impact on electoral turnout. Additionally it can be shown that the Swiss VAA smartvote made voters change their voting intention and that they voted for a different party. This was particularly advantageous for the Green Liberal Party. At the moment, only a minority of voters rely on the voting recommendation by smartvote. This might change dramatically with the introduction of e-voting. Once people can vote electronically, there are hardly any possibilities to prevent voters from transferring their selection of candidates based on the recommendation given by a VAA into the official electronic ballot paper. If this is possible, e-voting will become more popular than postal voting.

Facebook et l'Histoire

À l'ère des données massives, comment l'historien.ne voit-il facebook? Facebook pourra-t-il servir de source primaire, sous quelles conditions?

Échos du centenaire sur le web et sur Twitter : partage de liens et Grande Guerre

Depuis avril 2014, plus de deux millions de tweets ont été publiés, touchant aux commémorations du Centenaire de la Grande Guerre, principalement en Anglais et en Français. Cette communication s'intéresse à une pratique précise lié aux modalités d'usage de Twitter: le partage de liens. En s'intéressant notamment aux liens pointant vers des pages web francophones partagés le 11 novembre 2015, l'auteur a constitué un corpus d'environ 1000 pages web et en analyse le contenu. Il s'interroge notamment sur l'émergence en tant que lieu de mémoire du site « Mémoire des Hommes » et plus particulièrement de la base de données des morts pour la France.

The uncertain relationship between transparency and accountability revisited through four Swiss cases

Accountability and transparency are of growing importance in contemporary governance. The academic literature have broadly studied the two concepts separately, defining and redefining them, and including them into various framework, sometimes mistakenly using them as synonyms. The relationship between the two concepts has, curiously, only been studied by a few scholars with preliminary approaches. This theoretical paper will focus on both concepts, trying first to describe them taking into account the various evolutions in the literature and the recent evolutions as well as the first attempts to link the two concepts. In order to show a new approach linking the concepts, four cases from the Swiss context will be portrayed and will demonstrate the necessity to reconsider the relationship between transparency and accountability. Consequently, a new framework, based on Fox's framework (2007) will be presented and theoretically delimited.

Sources en flux: collecter, analyser, archiver, pérenniser. Enseignements d'une collecte de tweets sur le Centenaire de la Grande Guerre

En collectant plus de deux millions de tweets reliés au centenaire de la Grande Guerre, de nombreuses questions méthodologiques se sont posées, interrogeant par exemple la notion de corpus, les relations entre historien.ne.s et archivistes, le traitement du passé à une ère de données massives. Cette intervention se penche sur l'une de ces questions: comment fonder une recherche sur des sources primaires en flux? Comment résoudre la contradiction inhérente entre l'archive, réputée figée, et les données nées numériques qui sont émises en flux?