Addictions: le rôle de la psychiatrie

En 2001, l'Organisation mondiale de la santé a publié son rapport sur la santé dans le monde sur le thème de la « santé mentale, nouvelle conception, nouveaux espoirs ». Le rapport partait du constat de l'importance des troubles psychiques en termes de santé publique, de la négligence dont ils sont victimes en général dans le monde, produisant stigmatisation et discrimination. L'OMS a énoncé dix directives pour inspirer les politiques publiques mettant l'accent sur l'action communautaire, l'accessibilité aux soins et la nécessaire interdisciplinarité à l'échelle de la société tout entière. Ces directives ont été entendues tant au niveau européen qu'au niveau suisse, et ont abouti à différents plans de santé mentale, comme récemment dans le canton de Vaud. Les institutions psychiatriques ont dû trouver leur rôle dans ces dispositifs et définir leurs relations avec les partenaires non spécialisés, dans une réflexion sur les filières de soins impliquant chacun, depuis la population générale jusqu'aux acteurs les plus académiques, en passant par tous les étages des dispositifs « santé-social ».

Le rôle de l'infirmière de pratique avancée dans la gestion de la douleur

Les Conférences de l'IUFRS, Institut Universitaire de formation et de recherche en soins, Lausanne, Suisse, juin 2011

Définir le risque du carcinome spinocellulaire: rôle de la clinique et du rapport anatomopathologique [Risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas: the role of clinical and pathological reports].

The history of most cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (CSCC) is limited to the skin. However, about 4% of these malignancies are at risk of metastasis and can be life-threatening. This risk is determined by clinical and histological elements which are individually recognized, but so far staging systems allow us neither to assess a risk score, nor to adopt a standardized therapeutical approach. This article reviews prognostic factors for CSCC, and underlines the need for the clinician to have all clinical and histological elements available, in order to try to define the best therapeutical strategy for each case, following up-to-date recommendations.

Consultation d'urgence/crise pour couples et families: motifs d'urgence et évaluation du traitement [Couples and families emergency/crisis consultation: emergency patterns and treatment assessment]

Since the opening in 2003 of the Couple & Family Consultation Unit (UCCF) at Prangins Hospital, we have met urgent demands and observed that the suffering systems (i.e., couples and families) couldn't face any waiting period. So in 2007 an Emergency/Crisis Facility was created, based on the hypothesis that there is no contra-indication to systemic emergency care, if one understands and structures both crisis and treatment. We studied the suffering population in demand and the emergency/crisis issues and assessed therapy efficiency. Then we observed that treating suffering systems in emergency does produce therapeutic gain in terms of crisis resolution and patients' satisfaction. Those treatments refer to public health issues, as considered the human, social and financial cost of couples/families dysfunctions.

Que faire d'un stagiaire dans votre consultation [Tips for hosting a medical student in a PC consultation].

Hosting a medical student in one's primary care consultation challenges the practitioner to be a clinical teacher as well as providing high-quality patient care. A few tips can make this double task easier. Before the consultation it is possible to define the student's learning objectives and to plan the consultation. During the consultation itself some teaching models exist (One minute preceptor, SNAPP) that facilitate the teaching by maximising the teaching moments for each student-patient encounter. And finally after the consultation a time of reflection where both student and clinical teacher can think about what went well and what could be done better.

Accès à la thrombolyse lors d'AVC: rôle des secours préhospitaliers et des médecins de premier recours [Access to thrombolysis in stroke: place of the rescue system and of the primary care physician].

Thrombolysis is the most effective treatment improving the outcome of patients suffering from acute stroke. Moreover, its effectiveness increases when administrated as quick as possible after the onset of the first symptoms. Prehospital selection of patients and their immediate transfer to stroke center are the principal factors allowing the practice of thrombolysis within the authorized time frame. On the basis of regional Swiss French data, it seems that patients evaluated by emergency physician and their direct transfer in an acute stroke unit reduces delays and allows for a higher thrombolysis rate.