The Permo-Triassic boundary in the Antalya Nappes (Western Taurides - Turkey)

The Antalya nappes (western Taurides-Turkey)*consist of several tectonic units which document the*Southern Neotethyan paleomargin from the Arabo-African*shallow shelf to the oceanic crust.*The Kerner Gorge Units (Upper Antalya nappes)*show a full stratigraphical succession from Ordovician*to Late Cretaceous. A carbonate platform regime*appeared during Late Permian times and existed up*to the early Middle Triassic. For detailed investigations*on the Permo-Triassic boundary, two lithostratigraphic*profiles have been selected: the Curuk*dag and the Kerner Gorge sections.*The main results presented in this paper are : 1) the Late Permian Pamucak Formation (Midian-*Dzhulfian) consists of calcareous algae-foraminiferae*bearing black limestones, locally rich in*brachiopods, crinoids and bryozoae : 2) this black limestone is overlain by an oolitic*grainstone. In the Curuk dag section, the oolitic horizon*is capped by a thin level of calcrete type; emersive*conditions are also inferred by a strong diagenetic*change within the oolitic deposit : 3) the first Early Triassic fossils, appearing*within or above the oolitic grainstone, are microforaminifera*and Pseudoclaraia wangi (late Griesbachian*in age). In the Curuk dag, a rich Early Triassic*microforaminifera association seems linked to a microbiallite*boundstone facies : 4) the overlying unfossiliferous lime mudstone,*the oolitical thick bedded grainstone, the variegated*marly limestone and the vermicular limestone facies*are present. not only in southern Turkey but seem*constant through ' the entire peri arabo-african platform.*Striking similarities appear between the studied*profiles and the Bellerophon-Werfen succession in the*Southern Alps..

Enhancing centralized enforcement of EU law : Pandora's toolbox ?

State compliance with EU Law is crucial to the very existence of the Union. Traditionally, it has been secured through a combination of strong "private" and of weak "centralized" enforcement. However, this arrangement is no longer perceived to be sufficient. By endowing the Union with new tools vis-à-vis its Member States - penalties, conditionality, and the like - current reforms try to complement symbolic sanctioning with real "consequences". The goal is to reinforce the authority of EU Law. In this article, we question whether the new toolbox is fit for the purpose, or whether it risks to produce adverse effects which might even go as far as upsetting the Union's constitutional template.

Das geplante "Datenschutz-Gesetz": eine Bedrohung der medizinisch-epidemiologischen Forschung in der Schweiz? [The proposed law on safeguarding of data: a threat to medical-epidemiologic research in Switzerland?].

The draft of the new law on the confidentiality of personal data severely curtails medical and epidemiological research. This might be detrimental and dangerous to public health. The project therefore has to be amended.

Injury pattern of the Flash-Ball, a less-lethal weapon used for law enforcement: report of two cases and review of the literature.

Less-lethal weapons are used in law enforcement to neutralize combative individuals and to disperse riot crowds. Local police recently used such an impact weapon, the Flash-Ball, in two different situations. This gun fires large rubber bullets with kinetic energies around 200 J. Although it is designed to avoid skin penetration, impacts at such energies may still create major trauma with associated severe injuries to internal organs. This is a report of 2 patients shot with the Flash-Ball who required medical attention. One could be discharged quickly, but the other required hospitalization for heart and lung contusion. Both patients required advanced investigations including computed tomography (CT) scan. The medical literature on injuries induced by less-lethal impact weapons is reviewed. Impacts from the Flash-Ball can cause significant injury to internal organs, even without penetration. Investigations as for other high-energy blunt traumas are called for in these cases.