Patient versus general practitioner perception of problems with treatment adherence in type 2 diabetes: from adherence to concordance.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of problems with treatment adherence among type-2 diabetic patients with regards to medication, dietary advice, and physical activity; to identify the associated clinical and psychosocial factors; and to investigate the degree of agreement between patient-perceived and GP-perceived adherence. METHODS: Consecutive patients were solicited during visits to 39 GPs. In total, 521 patients self-reported on treatment adherence, anxiety and depression, and disease perception. The GPs reported clinical and laboratory data and patients' adherence. A multivariate analysis identified the factors associated with adherence problems. RESULTS: Problems of adherence to medication, dietary advice, and physical activity recommendations were reported by 17%, 62%, and 47% of the patients, respectively. Six independent factors were found associated with adherence problems: young age, body-mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m(2), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) > 8%, single life, depression, and perception of medication as a constraint. Agreement between patients' and GPs' assessments of treatment problems reached 70%. CONCLUSION: In type 2 diabetes, problems with dietary advice or physical activity are far more frequent than problems with medication, and not all physicians are fully aware of patients' problems. More active listening and shared decision-making should enhance adherence and improve outcomes.

Evaluation des campagnes de prévention contre le SIDA en Suisse : rapport de l'étude "les toxicomanes" : novembre 1987

37 femmes ou hommes toxicomanes par voie intraveineuse, de 18 à 35 ans ou plus, ont été interviewés à travers la Suisse, afin d'évaluer leurs attitudes, croyances, comportements face au sida (Questionnaire en annexe).

Evaluation der AIDS-Präventions-Kampagnen in der Schweiz : zweiter zusammenfassender Bericht, 1988

[Inhaltsverzeichnis] Schlussfolgerungen. Empfehlungen. Gegenwärtige Veränderungen in der Schweiz. Erziehungsprozesse. Einflüsse der sozialen Umgebung. ANHANG: Kurze Beschreibung der Studien.

Evaluation des campagnes de prévention du SIDA en Suisse : deuxième rapport de synthèse, 1988

[Table des matières] Conclusions (connaissances, attitudes et comportements; processus des campagnes de prévention). Recommandations. Changements en cours en Suisse. Processus éducatifs. Influences de l'environnement social. ANNEXE: Brève description des études.

LKB1 and AMPK differentially regulate pancreatic β-cell identity.

Fully differentiated pancreatic β cells are essential for normal glucose homeostasis in mammals. Dedifferentiation of these cells has been suggested to occur in type 2 diabetes, impairing insulin production. Since chronic fuel excess ("glucotoxicity") is implicated in this process, we sought here to identify the potential roles in β-cell identity of the tumor suppressor liver kinase B1 (LKB1/STK11) and the downstream fuel-sensitive kinase, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Highly β-cell-restricted deletion of each kinase in mice, using an Ins1-controlled Cre, was therefore followed by physiological, morphometric, and massive parallel sequencing analysis. Loss of LKB1 strikingly (2.0-12-fold, E<0.01) increased the expression of subsets of hepatic (Alb, Iyd, Elovl2) and neuronal (Nptx2, Dlgap2, Cartpt, Pdyn) genes, enhancing glutamate signaling. These changes were partially recapitulated by the loss of AMPK, which also up-regulated β-cell "disallowed" genes (Slc16a1, Ldha, Mgst1, Pdgfra) 1.8- to 3.4-fold (E<0.01). Correspondingly, targeted promoters were enriched for neuronal (Zfp206; P=1.3×10(-33)) and hypoxia-regulated (HIF1; P=2.5×10(-16)) transcription factors. In summary, LKB1 and AMPK, through only partly overlapping mechanisms, maintain β-cell identity by suppressing alternate pathways leading to neuronal, hepatic, and other characteristics. Selective targeting of these enzymes may provide a new approach to maintaining β-cell function in some forms of diabetes.-Kone, M., Pullen, T. J., Sun, G., Ibberson, M., Martinez-Sanchez, A., Sayers, S., Nguyen-Tu, M.-S., Kantor, C., Swisa, A., Dor, Y., Gorman, T., Ferrer, J., Thorens, B., Reimann, F., Gribble, F., McGinty, J. A., Chen, L., French, P. M., Birzele, F., Hildebrandt, T., Uphues, I., Rutter, G. A. LKB1 and AMPK differentially regulate pancreatic β-cell identity.

Evaluation des campagnes de prévention contre le SIDA en Suisse : Befragung von Berufsschuelern : November 1987

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Stand der Anpassung Adoleszenter and die Gefährdung durch Aids im Frühsommer 1987 anhand einer Befragung von Berufschülern. Die Gefährdung durch Fixen mit gebrauchten Nadeln wurde in dieser Untersuchung nicht berücksichtigt. Im ersten Teil des Schlussberichtes werden die Methoden vorgestellt. Im zweiten Teil berichten wir, wie die befragten Berufschüler auf die Kampagne STOP AIDS reagiert haben. Im dritten Teil werden Einstellungen in Form von Aussagen zur Relevanz und Akzeptanz der Botschaften und die daraus resultierende Beweise entsprechend der Gefährdung durch Aids zu gestalten, besschrieben. Auf der Einstellungs- und Verhaltensebene werden ausserdem der Gebrauch des Präservativs und des HIV-Tests untersucht. Die Analyse im vierten Teil wertet die Ergebnisse unter den Gesichtspunkten "anomische Situation", "individuelle Handlungskonzepte" und "Störfaktoren" aus. Den Abschluss bildet eine Zusammenfassung und Empfehlungen an die Initianten und Verantwortlichen der Kampagne.

Occupational asthma in workers exposed to Mesalazine powder inhalation

Background: Due to complains of respiratory symptoms of some employees a pharmaceutical company asked in 2008 the occupational medical department of the Institute for Work and Health in Lausanne to evaluate the health status of their workers exposed to Mesalazine powder, which is the active agent of a drug used for the treatment of bowels inflammation. Therefore we examined the 21 workers exposed to Mesalazine powder. Method: After a visit of the pharmaceutical company in order to investigate the Mesalazine powder production, we performed an individual medical evaluation of the 21 workers. Our medical protocol was based on the safety data sheet of Mesalazine, the data found in the scientific literature and the «Compendium Suisse des Médicaments» and covered upper and lower respiratory tract as well as skin and eyes. Results: Sixty two percent (62%) of the exposed employees had symptoms of skin, eyes and throat irritation. Three employees reported respiratory symptoms such as dyspnoea, cough and expiratory wheezing, which appeared during the working hours. The Peak Flow series performed at the workplace was lowered in the three employees with lower respiratory tract symptoms. None of the three had consulted a physician, even though the symptoms had been present since some months. The pneumological evaluation confirmed for all three cases the asthma diagnoses. Conclusion: It is known that patients who are treated with drugs including Mesalazine can develop adverse health effect such as asthma. However occupational asthma in workers exposed to Mesalazine powder inhalation is until now not described in the literature. Immunologic investigations in order to know if the occupational asthma caused by Mesalazine is of allergic or mechanical irritation nature are still ongoing. Concerning the three workers with asthma, inability to work with Mesalazine was pronounced. Furthermore, the SUVA recognized the three patients with asthma as occupational respiratory diseases. Following our results and recommendations, the company undertook some measures to reduce the exposure to Mesalazine. A new health evaluation of the employees in the Mesalazine production is hence planned in 2009. As each year new causes of occupational asthma are described, the possible work relation of new asthma onset has to be carefully investigated as the consequences for the patient e.g. removal from exposure and for the exposed co-workers are of substantial importance.