103 resultados para 2010-luku


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In the absence of works which would significantly change the perspective on the management of diabetes in the elapsed year, this article proposes a reflection on the integration of the evolving knowledge over the past decade into clinical practice. The major preventive impact of an approach targeting all the cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients will remain as the main lesson of this decade. The therapeutic goals need to be tailored to the individual patient's situation based on the evaluation of the benefit: inconvenience-ratio of the treatments. The process of their choice has to include the quest for a shared vision with the patient who is in charge of diabetes management in daily life.

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Contexte : La dialyse péritonéale (DP) est une méthode d'épuration extra-rénale qui utilise les propriétés physiologiques du péritoine comme membrane de dialyse. Cette technique requiert la présence d'un cathéter placé chirurgicalement dans le cul-de-sac de Douglas pour permettre l'instillation d'une solution de dialyse : le dialysat. Une des complications redoutée de cette technique est la survenue de péritonites infectieuses qui nécessitent l'administration rapide d'une antibiothérapie adéquate. Les péritonites peuvent parfois entrainer le retrait du cathéter de dialyse avec un échec définitif de la technique, ou plus rarement entrainer le décès du patient. Cette étude s'intéresse aux facteurs prédictifs de cette complication. Elle recense les germes impliqués et leur sensibilité aux différents antibiotiques. Cette étude analyse également les conséquences des péritonites, telles que la durée moyenne des hospitalisations, les échecs de la technique nécessitant un transfert définitif en hémodialyse et la survenue de décès. Méthode : Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective monocentrique portant sur le dossier des patients inclus dans le programme de dialyse péritonéale du CHUV entre le 1er janvier 1995 et le 31 décembre 2010. Résultats : Cette étude inclus 108 patients, dont 65 hommes et 43 femmes. L'âge moyen est de 52.5 ans ± 17.84 (22-87). On répertorie 113 épisodes de péritonite pour une durée cumulative de 2932.24 mois x patients. L'incidence globale de péritonite s'élève à 1 épisode / 25.95 (mois x patient). La médiane de survie globale sans péritonite est de 23.56 mois. Une variabilité intergroupe statistiquement significative en matière de survie sans péritonite est démontrée entre les patients autonomes et non- autonomes [Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) :0.04], entre les patients diabétiques et non diabétiques [Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) : 0.002] et entre les patients cumulant un score de Charlson supérieur à 5 et ceux cumulant un score inférieur ou égal à 5 (Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) : 0.002). Une différence statistiquement significative en matière de survie de la technique a également pu être démontrée entre les patients autonomes et 2 non-autonome [Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) < 0.001], et entre les patients cumulant un score de Charlson supérieur ou inférieur ou égal à 5 [Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) : 0.047]. Le staphylococcus epidermidis est le pathogène le plus fréquemment isolé lors des péritonites (23.9%). Ce germe présente une sensibilité de 40.74% à l'oxacilline. Aucun cas de péritonite à MRSA n'a été enregistré dans ce collectif de patients. Une péritonite a causé la mort d'un patient (<1%). Conclusion : L'incidence de péritonite calculée satisfait les recommandations de la Société Internationale de Dialyse Péritonéale (ISPD). Une variabilité intergroupe statistiquement significative en terme de survie sans péritonite est mis en évidence pour : l'autonomie, le statut métabolique et le score de comorbidité de Charlson. Une variabilité intergroupe statistiquement significative en terme de survie de la technique est également démontrée pour : l'autonomie et le score de comorbidité de Charlson. Les statistiques de sensibilité mettent en évidence une excellente couverture antibiotique sur les germes isolés par le traitement empirique en vigueur (vancomycine + ceftazidime). La mortalité relative aux péritonites est extrêmement basse dans ce collectif de patients.

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Objectifs : Il s'agit d'une étude descriptive, rétrospective, de la prévalence des comorbidités dans une population de patients atteints de la maladie de la goutte et hospitalisés dans le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lausanne (CHUV) entre le 1er janvier 2008 et le 31 décembre 2010, ainsi qu'une analyse descriptive des différents traitements employés. Méthode : Les codes diagnostiques AP-DRG des archives électroniques du CHUV ont été utilisés dans le but de faire une analyse manuelle des dossiers. 259 dossiers de patients ont étés analysés et ont permis une description démographique, une analyse de la prévalence des comorbidités, ainsi qu'une description des différents traitements et complications. Résultats : La goutte à Lausanne touche principalement les hommes (78% des patients), l'âge moyen est de 76 ans et 7 mois chez les hommes contre 80 ans et 7 mois chez les femmes. Les tranches d'âge les plus concernées, avec 34.2% des hommes et 42.11% des femmes sont les 75-85 ans. L'espérance de vie est supérieure de 6 ans et demie chez les femmes. 75% des patients ont un excès de poids, 26 % sont obèses. Les comorbidités principales sont l'hypertension artérielle (85% des patients), L'insuffisance rénale chronique (50.2%), les cardiopathies ischémiques (35.7%), le diabète de type II (34.4%), l'alcoolisme chronique (22.5%), les néoplasies (16.7%) et les lithiases rénales (5.4%). La goutte se présente principalement (92.8%) sous forme de crise. La prise en charge par le service de rhumatologie concerne seulement 21.4% des patients. 82.5% des patients suivent un traitement médicamenteux, qui comprend principalementdes AINS (79% des patients), de l'allopurinol (53%, dont 3.6% d'intolérance), de la colchicine (34.6%) et des corticoïdes (27%). Les traitements des comorbidités sont les traitements antihypertenseurs (56.7% d'inhibiteurs de l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine et 56.6% des diurétiques de l'anse). Parmi les patients traités avec un AINS, 54.4% sont en insuffisance rénale chronique, 62% en insuffisance cardiaque et 41% ont un épisode de cardiopathie ischémique. 50% des patients traités avec de la colchicine ont une insuffisance cardiaque et 30% ont eu une cardiopathie ischémique. Parmi les patients qui ont eu un épisode infectieux, la crise de goutte est apparue chez 80% d'entre eux avant l'infection. Conclusion : La goutte est une maladie concernant une tranche de la population qui présente des comorbidités importantes sur le plan cardiovasculaire et métabolique, dont il faut tenir compte lors de l'élaboration d'un traitement de la crise ou d'un plan de traitement préventif de l'hyperuricémie.

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Aims: To provide 12-month prevalence and disability burden estimates of a broad range of mental and neurological disorders in the European Union (EU) and to compare these findings to previous estimates. Referring to our previous 2005 review, improved up-to-date data for the enlarged EU on a broader range of disorders than previously covered are needed for basic, clinical and public health research and policy decisions and to inform about the estimated number of persons affected in the EU. Method: Stepwise multi-method approach, consisting of systematic literature reviews, reanalyses of existing data sets, national surveys and expert consultations. Studies and data from all member states of the European Union (EU-27) plus Switzerland, Iceland and Norway were included. Supplementary information about neurological disorders is provided, although methodological constraints prohibited the derivation of overall prevalence estimates for mental and neurological disorders. Disease burden was measured by disability adjusted life years (DALY). Results: Prevalence: It is estimated that each year 38.2% of the EU population suffers from a mental disorder. Adjusted for age and comorbidity, this corresponds to 164.8 million persons affected. Compared to 2005 (27.4%) this higher estimate is entirely due to the inclusion of 14 new disorders also covering childhood/adolescence as well as the elderly. The estimated higher number of persons affected (2011: 165 m vs. 2005: 82 m) is due to coverage of childhood and old age populations, new disorders and of new EU membership states. The most frequent disorders are anxiety disorders (14.0%), insomnia (7.0%), major depression (6.9%), somatoform (6.3%), alcohol and drug dependence (>4%), ADHD (5%) in the young, and dementia (1-30%, depending on age). Except for substance use disorders and mental retardation, there were no substantial cultural or country variations. Although many sources, including national health insurance programs, reveal increases in sick leave, early retirement and treatment rates due to mental disorders, rates in the community have not increased with a few exceptions (i.e. dementia). There were also no consistent indications of improvements with regard to low treatment rates, delayed treatment provision and grossly inadequate treatment. Disability: Disorders of the brain and mental disorders in particular, contribute 26.6% of the total all cause burden, thus a greater proportion as compared to other regions of the world. The rank order of the most disabling diseases differs markedly by gender and age group; overall, the four most disabling single conditions were: depression, dementias, alcohol use disorders and stroke. Conclusion: In every year over a third of the total EU population suffers from mental disorders. The true size of "disorders of the brain" including neurological disorders is even considerably larger. Disorders of the brain are the largest contributor to the all cause morbidity burden as measured by DALY in the EU. No indications for increasing overall rates of mental disorders were found nor of improved care and treatment since 2005; less than one third of all cases receive any treatment, suggesting a considerable level of unmet needs. We conclude that the true size and burden of disorders of the brain in the EU was significantly underestimated in the past.Concerted priority action is needed at all levels, including substantially increased funding for basic, clinical and public health research in order to identify better strategies for improved prevention and treatment for isorders of the brain as the core health challenge of the 21st century. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.

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This article documents the addition of 229 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acacia auriculiformis x Acacia mangium hybrid, Alabama argillacea, Anoplopoma fimbria, Aplochiton zebra, Brevicoryne brassicae, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Bucorvus leadbeateri, Delphacodes detecta, Tumidagena minuta, Dictyostelium giganteum, Echinogammarus berilloni, Epimedium sagittatum, Fraxinus excelsior, Labeo chrysophekadion, Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi, Paratrechina longicornis, Phaeocystis antarctica, Pinus roxburghii and Potamilus capax. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Acacia peregrinalis, Acacia crassicarpa, Bruguiera cylindrica, Delphacodes detecta, Tumidagena minuta, Dictyostelium macrocephalum, Dictyostelium discoideum, Dictyostelium purpureum, Dictyostelium mucoroides, Dictyostelium rosarium, Polysphondylium pallidum, Epimedium brevicornum, Epimedium koreanum, Epimedium pubescens, Epimedium wushanese and Fraxinus angustifolia.

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The World Health Organization fracture risk assessment tool, FRAX(®), is an advance in clinical care that can assist in clinical decision-making. However, with increasing clinical utilization, numerous questions have arisen regarding how to best estimate fracture risk in an individual patient. Recognizing the need to assist clinicians in optimal use of FRAX(®), the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) in conjunction with the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) assembled an international panel of experts that ultimately developed joint Official Positions of the ISCD and IOF advising clinicians regarding FRAX(®) usage. As part of the process, the charge of the FRAX(®) Clinical Task Force was to review and synthesize data surrounding a number of recognized clinical risk factors including rheumatoid arthritis, smoking, alcohol, prior fracture, falls, bone turnover markers and glucocorticoid use. This synthesis was presented to the expert panel and constitutes the data on which the subsequent Official Positions are predicated. A summary of the Clinical Task Force composition and charge is presented here.

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Introduction: Population ageing challenges Emergency Departments (ED) with a population shift toward higher age groups. People over 65 years are heterogenous with respect to polymorbidity and functional capacity. Complex situations become more prevalent among patients aged 85+, the fastest growing segment of the elderly population (+72% between 2010 and 2030). Objectives: To identify the trend of ED admission rates for patients aged 85+ and to compare the characteristics of their ED visits with the one of patients aged 65-84. Method: Retrospective analysis of 56162 ED admissions of patients aged 65+ at the University of Lausanne Medical Center (CHUV), from 2005 to 2010. All visits of patients aged 65+ at the time of admission were considered. Analyses focus on demographic characteristics, living arrangement, hospital admission, and median Length of Stay (LOS) in the ED. Data from 2010 were examined for the degree of emergency (DE), the main reason for visiting the ED (Swiss triage scale) and readmission at 30 days. Results: Between 2005 and 2010, ED visits of patients aged 65 years and over increased from 8228 to 10390/year (with a slight decrease of women from 56% to 54%). This is an increment of +26% i.e. 5.9 patients/day more. Patients aged 85+ increased by +46% vs +20% for the 65-84. ED visits of people aged 18-64 years raised by +20%. Among patients over 65 years, the proportion of patients aged 85 and more increased from 23% in 2005 to 27% in 2010. In 2010, 85+ patients were more likely than 65-84 patients to come from a NH setting (13% vs 4%), to be hospitalised (70% vs 59%) and to stay longer in the ED (median LOS 9 hours vs 7 hours). Readmission to ED within 30 days after discharge did not differ (85+: 14% vs 65-84: 12%) (similar proportions in 2005). In 2010, the first reason for patients 85+ to visit ED was fall/injury (27% vs 18% by 65-84), whereas the main cause for patients aged 65-84 years was a cardiovascular disorder (18% vs 16% by 85+). The part of high emergency cases was similar for patients 85+ and 65-84 (42%). Conclusion: Among aged patients those aged 85 and over are the fastest growing group admitted to ED. Compared to their younger counterparts, their reason to visit ED and their pattern of health services utilization differ due to specific epidemiological conditions. ED addressing specific needs of geriatric patients would improve their care and lead to a better use of available resources.