Indirect hydrogen monitoring by chemi-ionisation following an associative ionisation pathway after metastable helium atoms production by electron impact ionisation: Protonation and deuteration of carrier gas

Gas chromatography (GC) is an analytical tool very useful to investigate the composition of gaseous mixtures. However, hydrogen (H2) detection after a GC separation is only possible with a Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD), a Helium Ionisation Detector (HID) or expensive Atomic Emission Detector (AED). Recently, indirect H2 detection by GC coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) was demonstrated but the mechanism of carrier gas protonation remained unclear. With electron impact as ionisation source of MS and helium (He) as GC carrier gas, H2 is not ionised according the expected Penning ionisation neither according to the Associative ionisation. Rearrangement ionisation (RI) was found to be the main channel for H2 and D2 ionisation under GC-MS conditions used in most of laboratories using GC-MS, leading to the formation of [He−H]+ and [He−D]+ ions.

Incremental Validity and Indirect effect of Ethical Development on Work Performance

We modeled work performance as outcomes of individual-differences mediated by technical performance. Beyond the "usual suspects" (e.g., general mental ability, and personality), we also measured the ethical development of participants (n = 460). We surmised that ethical development - which has not been extensively studied as a predictor of work performance while controlling for established predictors - captures unique variance in both technical and work performance. Results demonstrated incremental validity for ethical development in predicting technical performance, which in turn predicted work performance. The indirect effect of ethical development was significant too. Our results highlight the importance of process models of performance, which include proximal as well as distal individual differences.

A tailored approach for the treatment of indirect inguinal hernia in adults--an old problem revisited.

A patent processus vaginalis peritonei (PPV) presents typically as an indirect hernia with an intact inguinal canal floor during childhood. Little is known however about PPV in adults and its best treatment. A cohort study included all consecutive patients admitted for ambulatory open hernia repair. In patients with a PPV, demographics, hernia characteristics, and outcome were prospectively assessed. Annulorrhaphy was the treatment of choice in patients with an internal inguinal ring diameter of < 30 mm. Between 1998 and 2006, 92 PPVs (two bilateral) were diagnosed in 676 open hernia repairs (incidence of 14%). Eighty nine of the 90 patients were males, the median age was 34 years (range: 17-85). A PPV was right-sided in 67% and partially obliterated in 66%. Forty-one patients had an annulorrhaphy and 51 patients had a tension-free mesh repair. The median operation time was significantly shorter in the annulorrhaphy group (38 vs. 48 min, P <.0001). In a median follow-up period of 56 months (27-128), both groups did not differ concerning recurrence (1/41 vs. 2/51), chronic pain (3/41 vs. 4/51), and hypoesthesia (5/41 vs. 9/51). There was however a clear trend to less neuropathic symptoms in favor of annulorrhaphy (0/41 vs. 5/51, P < 0.066). PPV occurs in 14% of adults undergoing hernia repair. In selected patients, annulorrhaphy takes less time and is associated with equally low recurrence but less potential for neuropathic symptoms.

Tentative de suicide des adolescents: accueil, evaluation, orientation [Suicide attempt: encounter, evaluation, orientation].

Le suicide et les tentatives de suicide des adolescents sont des enjeux de santé publique majeurs. En s'appuyant sur le modèle de soins développé à Genève, nous décrivons les différents temps nécessaires pour accueillir, évaluer et orienter un adolescent pris dans un mouvement suicidaire. Un temps d'accueil et d'évaluation pédiatrique, puis un temps d'évaluation psychiatrique et enfin un temps d'orientation à l'issue duquel est proposée une prise en charge spécifique. En fonction des caractéristiques cliniques du jeune (impulsivité, symptomatologie anxio-dépressive...), de sa capacité d'engagement dans les soins et de la qualité des liens du réseau, la prise en charge sera soit ambulatoire intensive, soit hospitalière. Suicide and suicide attempts of adolescents are major public health issues. Based on a model of care developed in Geneva, we describe the conditions necessary to evaluate and guide a teenager trapped in a suicidal behavior. First of all, there must be some time dedicated to pediatric assessement followed by a psychiatric evaluation and finally, the adolescent can be oriented toward specific treatment. Depending on the clinical characteristics of the young adolescent and according to his willingness to engage himself in intensive follow-up (impulsivity, anxious?--depressive symptomatology...), cares will be given either as outpatient with close monitoring or inpatient.