Une vue globale du secteur ambulatoire: étude structurelle et fonctionnelle dans les cantons de Vaud et Fribourg. [A general view of the ambulatory care sector: Structural and functional study in the cantons of Vaud and Fribourg].

The project "Quantification and qualification of ambulatory health care", financed by the Swiss National Science Foundation and covering the Cantons of Vaud and Fribourg, has two main goals: --a structural study of the elements of the ambulatory care sector. This is done through inventories of the professions concerned (physicians, public health nurses, physiotherapists, pharmacists, medical laboratories), allowing to better characterize the "offer". This inventory work includes the collect and analysis of existing statistical data as well as surveys, by questionnaires sent (from September 1980) to the different professions and by interviews. --a functional study, inspired from the US National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and from similar studies elsewhere, in order to investigate the modes of practice of various providers, with particular regard to interprofessional collaboration (through studying referrals from the ones to the others). The first months of the project have been used for a methodological research in this regard, centered on the use of systems analysis, and for the elaboration of adequate instruments.

Pour une chirurgie définitive d'emblée dans les ulcères gastro-duodénaux compliqués [Definitive surgery in complicated gastroduodenal ulcers].

Indications for surgical therapy in uncomplicated peptic ulcer disease have decreased considerably since the introduction of H2-receptor blocking drugs and more recently omeprazole. On the other side, the number of acute complications such as perforation or hemorrhage has remained nearly constant. The recent literature seems to indicate that the pattern of patients presenting with complications has changed and that the number of acute ulcers has increased. In a review of 283 patients, we found 150 perforated ulcers (PU) and 133 bleeding ulcers (BU). Almost all the patients with PU and 70% of the patients with BU have been treated operatively. The mortality is 14.3% and 12.5%, respectively. The vast majority of our patients have chronic ulcers, and only 7% have acute or subacute lesions confirmed by histologic examination. Based on our experience and the literature, we propose a therapeutic algorythm for these two conditions.

"Docteur, j'ai mal et des fourmis dans les jambes le soir..." [Doctor, I have pain and pins and needles in my legs at night].

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a frequent chronic condition. It causes discomfort in the lower limbs with an urge to move the legs and sometimes paresthesias. It's frequently associated with sleep and mood disorders causing a significant impact on quality of life. There are four clinical criteria to diagnose it. Treatment includes management of reversible factors and if needed symptomatic treatment. Depending on symptoms severity, non-drug measures can be tried. First-line medication treatment should be dopaminergic agonists. Second-line treatments include, anticonvulsivants (gabapentine), benzodiazepine (clonazepam) or opioids based on predominant symptoms. Difficult cases should be referred to a specialist.

La (re)configuration des genres dans les littératures européennes. L'exemple des contes

Dieser Beitrag geht davon aus, dass eine neue Gattung in anderen europäischen Sprachen und Kulturen bereits vorhandene Gattungsformen ,"(re)konfiguriert", um sie der eigenen Sprache und Kultur anzupassen und neue Aussageformen zu schaffen. Dieser Prozess wird am Beispiel der europäischen Märchen aufgezeigt, die der hier formulierten Hypothese nach weder Erzeugnisse einer Universalgattung noch nationaler Folklore sind, sondern komplexe ,"Rekonfigurationen" lateinischer, italienischen und französischer Gattungsformen. Am Beispiel der Histoires ou contes du temps passé, avec des Moralités von 1697 wird gezeigt, wie Charles Perrault mit einer neuartigen ,"Szenographie" das zum Gattungsparadigma gewordene Psyche-Märchen von Apuleius ,"rekonfiguiert". An die Stelle des erzählenden Esels Lucius, der vorgibt, Psyches Geschichte von der alten Magd einer Räuberbande gehört zu haben, setzt Perrault seinen Sohn, Pierre Darmancour, und schafft mit einer pseudo-naiven Szenographie eine neue Gattung, die von den Brüdern Grimm und deren ,"Beiträgerinnen" hugenottischer Herkunft zum Kinder- und Hausmärchen umgearbeitet wird.