289 resultados para Post-commissural fornix


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Adjusting behavior following the detection of inappropriate actions allows flexible adaptation to task demands and environmental contingencies during goal-directed behaviors. Post-error behavioral adjustments typically consist in adopting more cautious response mode, which manifests as a slowing down of response speed. Although converging evidence involves the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in post-error behavioral adjustment, whether and when the left or right DLPFC is critical for post-error slowing (PES), as well as the underlying brain mechanisms, remain highly debated. To resolve these issues, we used single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation in healthy human adults to disrupt the left or right DLPFC selectively at various delays within the 30-180ms interval following false alarms commission, while participants preformed a standard visual Go/NoGo task. PES significantly increased after TMS disruption of the right, but not the left DLPFC at 150ms post-FA response. We discuss these results in terms of an involvement of the right DLPFC in reducing the detrimental effects of error detection on subsequent behavioral performance, as opposed to implementing adaptative error-induced slowing down of response speed.

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Background New recommendations for rabies postexposure prophylaxis (rPEP) were published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization in 2010. In view of these new recommendations, the adequacy of rPEP among patients consulting the travel clinic of the University Hospital of Lausanne has been investigated and 6,8% of patients have been identified as non-responders with the new rPEP regimen. In this study we have selected the non-responders for a complete immunologic work up. Method Clinical and paraclinical immunologic investigations have been done to the non- responders patients. Those investigations have been conducted to look for an increased susceptibility to infections and an immunodeficiency. The investigations included a clinical evaluation, a full blood count, measurement of the immunoglobulin levels, a numeration of the subpopulations of the lymphocytes, a HIV test and an evaluation of the humoral response to tetanus, pneumococcal, and hepatitis B vaccinations. A lymphocyte proliferation assay with rabies antigen was performed to assess the cellular immune response. Results 9 subjects with rabies antibody titers ≤0,5 IU/ml after an rPEP with 4 doses were included in this study (=non-responders). 8/9 of these non-responders had an unremarkable medical history. 9/9 of them had normal paraclinical tests that did not suggest an immunodeficiency. The results of the lymphocyte proliferation assay with rabies antigen showed a significant correlation between the level of the humoral and cellular response. Conclusion These results suggest that a 4 dose intramuscular rPEP elicits in some patients a relatively poor humoral and cellular response, even in the absence of any immunosuppression. A serology on day 21 of the rPEP seems therefore useful to identify the patients who don't respond appropriately. Those non-responders should receive additional doses until they reach an antibody titer above 0.5 IU/ml.