Narrativity in Biblical and Related Texts - La narrativité dans la Bible et les textes apparentés

Seventeen innovative studies are collected in this volume which has been produced under the aegis of the Centre for Biblical Studies, University of Manchester, and L'Institut des sciences bibliques, Université de Lausanne. The majority of the studies engage with narrative through providing insightful working examples. Building on the many contributions of recent narratological research, for the most part the studies in this collection avoid the technical language of narratology as they present fresh insights at many levels. Some essays focus more on the implied author, some on the implied reader or hearer, and some on the way particular messages are constructed; some of the studies consider how author, message and reader are all interconnected. There are several creative proposals for refining genre definition, from law and wisdom to gospel and apocryphal writings. Some studies highlight the way in which narratives can contain ethical, religious, and cultural messages. Sensitivity to narrative is also shown by some contributors to expose in intruing ways the redactional processes behind the final form of texts. Students of narrative in the ancient world will find much to consider in this book, and others engaged with literary studies more generally will discover that scholars of the worlds of the Bible and Late Antiquity have much to offer them.

The God of the Book of Acts

(Résumé de l'ouvrage) Seventeen innovative studies are collected in this volume which has been produced under the aegis of the Centre for Biblical Studies, University of Manchester, and L'Institut des sciences bibliques, Université de Lausanne. The majority of the studies engage with narrative through providing insightful working examples. Building on the many contributions of recent narratological research, for the most part the studies in this collection avoid the technical language of narratology as they present fresh insights at many levels. Some essays focus more on the implied author, some on the implied reader or hearer, and some on the way particular messages are constructed; some of the studies consider how author, message and reader are all interconnected. There are several creative proposals for refining genre definition, from law and wisdom to gospel and apocryphal writings. Some studies highlight the way in which narratives can contain ethical, religious, and cultural messages. Sensitivity to narrative is also shown by some contributors to expose in intruing ways the redactional processes behind the final form of texts. Students of narrative in the ancient world will find much to consider in this book, and others engaged with literary studies more generally will discover that scholars of the worlds of the Bible and Late Antiquity have much to offer them.

Evaluation des campagnes de prévention contre le SIDA en Suisse : Les éducateurs et assistants sociaux : rôle de conseillers dans la prévention et l'accompagnement : rapport final 1988

Dans le cadre de l'évaluation de la campagne STOP-SIDA, les auteurs avaient pour but d'examiner: 1) l'influence et l'intégration des messages préventifs dans la pratique professionnelle des travailleurs sociaux chargés de missions diverses avec les adolescents; 2) le poids de l'épidémie de SIDA dans les pratiques de ceux qui affrontent déjà le problème; 3) l'émergence de demandes particulières, formatives ou matérielles, pour aider à l'accompagnement de jeunes séropositifs ou de malades; 4) les difficultés et les blocages de l'action préventive dus à des conflits de rôles, à des contradictions entre discours professionnels et pratiques personnelles. ANNEXE: Questionnaire envoyé aux institutions. Guide d'entretien.

AIDS prevention: consensus and dissension regarding the meaning

Aim: In Western Europe, HIV/AIDS prevention has been based on the provision of information intended to lead the public to voluntarily adapt their behaviour so as to avoid the risk of virus transmission. Whether conveyed in a written or oral form, the messages of prevention are essentially verbal. Sociolinguistic research confirms that, even within a given culture, the meaning attributed to lexical items varies. It was hypothesised that understandings of the terms used in HIV/AIDS prevention in French-speaking Switzerland would vary, and research was undertaken to identify the level and nature of this variation both between and among those who transmit (prevention providers) and those who receive (the public) the messages. Method/issue: All HIV/AIDS prevention material available in French-speaking Switzerland in 2004 was assembled and a corpus of 50 key documents identified. Two series of lexical items were generated from this corpus: one composed of technical terms potentially difficult to understand, and the other, of terms used in everyday language with implicit, and therefore potentially variable, meaning. The two lists of terms were investigated in qualitative interviews in stratified purposive samples of the general public (n=60) and prevention providers (n=30), using standard socio-linguistic methodology. A further quantitative study (CATI) in the general population (17 - 49 yrs.; n=500) investigated understandings of 15 key prevention terms found in the qualitative research to have been associated with high levels of dissension. Results/comments: Selected aspects of the results will be presented. In illustration: meanings attributed to the different terms in both the public and the providers varied. For example, when a relationship is described as "stable", this may be understood as implying exclusive sexual relations or long duration, with an interaction between the two traits; the term "sexual intercourse" may or may not be used to refer to oral sex; "making love" may or may not necessarily include an act of penetration; the pre-ejaculate is qualified by some as sperm, and by others not... Understanding of frequently used "technical" terms in prevention was far from universal; for example, around only a half of respondents understood the meaning of "safer sex". Degree of understanding of these terms was linked to education, whereas variability in meaning in everyday language was not linked to socio-economic variables. Discussion: Findings indicate the need for more awareness regarding the heterogeneity of meaning around the terms regularly used in prevention. Greater attention should be paid to the formulation of prevention messages, and providers should take precautions to ensure that the meanings they wish to convey are those perceived by the receivers of their messages. Wherever possible, terms used should be defined and meanings rendered explicit.

The dermatologists' role in managing psoriatic arthritis: results of a swiss delphi exercise intended to improve collaboration with rheumatologists.

BACKGROUND: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) substantially impacts the management of psoriatic disease. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to generate an interdisciplinary national consensus on recommendations of how PsA should be managed. METHODS: Based on a systematic literature search, an interdisciplinary expert group identified important domains and went through 3 rounds of a Delphi exercise, followed by a nominal group discussion to generate specific recommendations. RESULTS: A strong consensus was reached on numerous central messages regarding the impact of PsA, screening procedures, organization of the interaction between dermatologists and rheumatologists, and treatment goals. CONCLUSION: These recommendations can serve as a template for similar initiatives in other countries. At the same time, they highlight the need to take into account the impact of the respective national health care system. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Development of spatial integration depends on top-down and interhemispheric connections that can be perturbed in migraine: a DCM analysis.

In humans, spatial integration develops slowly, continuing through childhood into adolescence. On the assumption that this protracted course depends on the formation of networks with slowly developing top-down connections, we compared effective connectivity in the visual cortex between 13 children (age 7-13) and 14 adults (age 21-42) using a passive perceptual task. The subjects were scanned while viewing bilateral gratings, which either obeyed Gestalt grouping rules [colinear gratings (CG)] or violated them [non-colinear gratings (NG)]. The regions of interest for dynamic causal modeling were determined from activations in functional MRI contrasts stimuli > background and CG > NG. They were symmetrically located in V1 and V3v areas of both hemispheres. We studied a common model, which contained reciprocal intrinsic and modulatory connections between these regions. An analysis of effective connectivity showed that top-down modulatory effects generated at an extrastriate level and interhemispheric modulatory effects between primary visual areas (all inhibitory) are significantly weaker in children than in adults, suggesting that the formation of feedback and interhemispheric effective connections continues into adolescence. These results are consistent with a model in which spatial integration at an extrastriate level results in top-down messages to the primary visual areas, where they are supplemented by lateral (interhemispheric) messages, making perceptual encoding more efficient and less redundant. Abnormal formation of top-down inhibitory connections can lead to the reduction of habituation observed in migraine patients.

Prévention de l'abus de l'alcool en Valais : suggestions pour la suite de la campagne "Combien ?"

L'étude s'inscrit dans le cadre des actions de prévention de la consommation abusive d'alcool entreprises par la Ligue valaisanne contre les toxicomanies (LVT). Réalisée après la campagne d'affichage articulée autour des slogans "Combien ?" et "dégustez la modération !", elle a principalement pour objectif de documenter les habitudes de consommation de la population valaisanne et leur évolution récente ainsi que d'identifier les facteurs susceptibles d'exercer une influence positive ou négative sur la transition vers une consommation d'alcool articulée autour des pôles "qualité" et "modération". L'étude doit en outre servir à construire la suite des actions de prévention de la LVT dans une perspective de continuité par rapport aux messages diffusés précédemment : approfondissement, clarification, repérage des publics cible et des arguments les plus pertinents.

De l'IRM de diffusion au connectome.

Objectifs: Comprendre les principes physique de la diffusion. Comprendre le principe de mesure de la diffusion par IRM. Ccomprendre la relation entre la diffusion de l'eau en milieu biologique et l'organisation de la matière blanche. Comprendre comment cartographier la connectivité cérébrale par irm de diffusion. Messages à retenir: Les propriétés de diffusion du tissu cérébral sont conditionnées par l'architecture axonale. La mesure de la diffusion par IRM permet de cartographier les trajectoires de fibres nerveuses et donc la connectivité cérébrale. La connectivité cérébrale peut être mesurés de manière non-invasive. Résumé: La "connectomique" est un domaine émergeant et prometteur des neurosciences qui utilise l'IRM de diffusion en combinaison avec des traitements algorithmiques avancés afin de mesurer les trajectoires de faisceaux de fibres et la connectivité cérébrale permettant d'étudier l'organisation de la structure du réseau neuronal cérébral dans son ensemble. Lors de ce cours nous reverrons les méthodes rendant cette cartographie possible et exposerons les techniques d'analyse utilisées pour obtenir de nouvelles informations sur l'architecture cérébrale. Nous reverrons également un certains nombre d'exemple d'applications où la connectomique offre une nouvelle manière d'analyser et de comprendre le fonctionnement du cerveau normal ou malade.

Les stratégies politiques et foncières des grands propriétaires fonciers en action : études de cas

Ce cahier présente une analyse comparée de quatre études de cas menées au sein du projet consacré aux stratégies politiques et foncières des grands propriétaires fonciers suisses à l'IDHEAP en 2007-2008. Ces études de cas concernent le complexe immobilier de « La Maladière » à Neuchâtel, le pôle de développement économique du Wankdorf à Berne, le « Centre Boujean » à Bienne ainsi que la place d'armes de Thoune. De chacun de ces cas sont présentés la chronologie des événements, les étapes et régimes du projet, les configurations et stratégies des acteurs, les impacts sur la durabilité ainsi qu'une discussion des résultats à la lumière des hypothèses du projet. L'analyse comparée fait le point des configurations et stratégies des acteurs qui sont ensuite mises en relation avec les régimes institutionnels et la durabilité des usages du sol. L'un des messages principaux est que, aujourd'hui, on ne peut plus séparer l'aménagement du territoire du foncier si l'on veut atteindre les objectifs politiques du développement du territoire. Die vorliegende Publikation enthält eine vergleichende Analyse von vier Fallstudien, die im Rahmen des Projektes zu den Strategien der grossen Grundeigentümer der Schweiz im Bereich der Ausübung ihrer Eigentumsrechte und ihrer Interventionen auf der Ebene der Raumplanung durchgeführt wurden. Sie betreffen den Immobilienkomplex ,,La Maladière" in Neuenburg, den Entwicklungsschwerpunkt Wankdorf in Bern, das ,,Centre Boujean" in Biel und den Waffenplatz Thun. Die Zusammenfassungen der Fallstudien enthalten Angaben zur Chronologie der Ereignisse, zu den verschiedenen Etappen der Projektentwicklung und der entsprechenden Regime, zu den Akteurkonfigurationen und -strategien, zu den Auswirkungen der Projekte auf die nachhaltige Entwicklung sowie eine Diskussion der empirischen Befunde im Lichte der Projekthypothesen. Die vergleichende Analyse nimmt eine Typologie der Akteurkonfigurationen vor und diskutiert deren Folgen für die institutionellen Regime und für die nachhaltige Entwicklung der Ressource Boden. Eines der Hauptergebnisse liegt in der Feststellung, dass sich heute Raumplanung mehr den je mit den Bodeneigentumsverhältnissen befassen muss, um die beabsichtigten politischen Entwicklungsziele zu erreichen.

IRM de diffusion dans l'exploration des tumeurs du foie.

Messages à retenir: Connaître le principe physique de l'imagerie de diffusion (DWI) à l'IRM adaptée à l'exploration des tumeurs du foie.Savoir la bonne technique d'acquisition des séquences pour évaluer la diffusion du parenchyme hépatique ainsi que des lésions focales intra -hépatiques les plusfréquentes.Apprendre l'utilité de la DWI pour évaluer le succès d'un traitement médical oncologique ou interventionnel .Discuter les avantages et les pièges liés à la DWI hépatique susceptibles d'influencer l'interprétation des tumeurs hépatiques. Résumé: Le principe d'imagerie de diffusion (DWI) à l'IRM repose sur la mobilité des molécules d'eau dans les différents tissus. Ce «mouvement Brownien» dépend de lacellularité tissulaire , des membranes cellulaires intactes et de la vascularisation . L'augmentation de ces paramètres précités résulte en une restriction de ladiffusion moléculaire, caractérisée par un hypersignal, puis quantifié par le calcul d'un coefficient apparent de diffusion (ADC). Basée sur des séquenceséchoplanaires pondérées en T2, la technique d'acquisition est rapide et non-invasive, donc souvent intégrée à l'IRM hépatique de routine. La DWI s'est révéléetrès sensible pour la détection de tumeurs hépatiques, même à un diamètre infracentimétrique. Néanmoins, sans être très spécifique, elle ne donne pas d'information certaine sur le caractère bénin ou malin, et elle doit être interprétée avec les autres séquences d'IRM et dans le contexte clinique donné. L'informationdiagnostique résultant de la DWI est morphologique et fonctionnelle, ce qui permet d'évaluer le succès de traitements oncologiques, notamment en absence dechangement de taille ou persistance de prise de contraste des lésions hépatiques. Très sensibles aux mouvements respiratoires, la DWI hépatique peut êtreaccompagnée d'artéfacts, qui influencent le calcul de l'ADC dont la valeur dépend de la machine IRM utilisée.

Effective exposure to solar UV in building workers: influence of local and individual factors.

Excessive exposure to solar UV light is the main cause of skin cancers in humans. UV exposure depends on environmental as well as individual factors related to activity. Although outdoor occupational activities contribute significantly to the individual dose received, data on effective exposure are scarce and limited to a few occupations. A study was undertaken in order to assess effective short-term exposure among building workers and characterize the influence of individual and local factors on exposure. The effective exposure of construction workers in a mountainous area in the southern part of Switzerland was investigated through short-term dosimetry (97 dosimeters). Three altitudes, of about 500, 1500 and 2500 m were considered. Individual measurements over 20 working periods were performed using Spore film dosimeters on five body locations. The postural activity of workers was concomitantly recorded and static UV measurements were also performed. Effective exposure among building workers was high and exceeded occupational recommendations, for all individuals for at least one body location. The mean daily UV dose in plain was 11.9 SED (0.0-31.3 SED), in middle mountain 21.4 SED (6.6-46.8 SED) and in high mountain 28.6 SED (0.0-91.1 SED). Measured doses between workers and anatomical locations exhibited a high variability, stressing the role of local exposure conditions and individual factors. Short-term effective exposure ranged between 0 and 200% of ambient irradiation, indicating the occurrence of intense, subacute exposures. A predictive irradiation model was developed to investigate the role of individual factors. Posture and orientation were found to account for at least 38% of the total variance of relative individual exposure, and were also found to account more than altitude on the total variance of effective daily exposures. Targeted sensitization actions through professional information channels and specific prevention messages are recommended. Altitude outdoor workers should also benefit from preventive medical examination.

Beyond the insiders' circle: disseminating the results of adolescent health surveys.

Adolescent health surveys, like those for other segments of the population, tend to remain in the hands of researchers, where they can have no real impact on the way critical health issues are dealt with by policy makers or other professionals directly connected to young people in their everyday work. This paper reviews important issues concerning the dissemination of survey results among professionals from various fields. The content, length and wording of the messages should be tailored to the audience one wants to reach as well as the type of channels used for their diffusion. Survey data sets can be used to select priorities for interventions: ad hoc presentations, attractive summaries and brochures, or even films expressing young peoples' opinions have been used by European public health professionals to make data sets usable in various local, regional and national contexts. CONCLUSION: The impact of these diffusion strategies is, however, difficult to assess and needs to be refined. The adequate delivery of survey findings as well as advocacy and lobbying activities require specific skills which can be endorsed by specialized professionals. Ultimately, it is the researchers' responsibility to ensure that such tasks are effectively performed.

Obesity prevention opinions of school stakeholders: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: In general, schools are an important setting to implement current recommendations for obesity prevention in children because the vast majority of children attend school. This study investigated the opinions of different school stakeholders on the feasibility and acceptability of current obesity prevention strategies that could be implemented in Swiss schools. METHODS: Research methods were comprised of a qualitative study which included school directors, physical education teachers, catering staff, school nurses and health educators, parents of young adolescents, and young adolescents interviewed (N = 40) categorized into 6 focus groups. Open-ended questions were used to determine the participants' opinion regarding current obesity prevention recommendations, and healthy eating and physical activity promotion strategies. RESULTS: All participants approved the implementation of nutritional standards for food and drinks sold in schools, but thought that increasing the attractiveness of healthy options was the best strategy to improve eating habits. Enjoying participation in physical activity classes or after-school activities was stressed. Participants suggested offering classes for all students with poor physical condition, independent of weight status. Stakeholders called for governmental support and global coordination of interventions balanced with providing schools with enough autonomy to adapt programs relevant to their individual circumstances. They recommended integrating all school stakeholders in obesity prevention initiatives, with special attention to students and local authorities. CONCLUSIONS: Participants agreed that schools are a crucial setting to implement childhood obesity prevention strategies. They called on school stakeholders to join efforts aiming to encourage healthy behaviors and to support and reinforce parents' efforts by spreading consistent and coherent health messages.

Characteristics of victims of violence admitted to a specialized medico-legal unit in Switzerland.

To improve care and services to victims of interpersonal violence, a medico-legal consultation unit was set up at the Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland in 2006. Adult victims of violence are referred to the consultation by the emergency department. Patients are received by forensic nurses for support, forensic examination and community orientation. A descriptive study of medical reports filled for the 2006 population was conducted in 2007 with the aim to explore characteristics of this specific population and to better orient prevention. Among the 422 patients in 2006, 57% were men and 43% women, with a median age of 31 years old. Violent episodes took place in a public place for 90% of male victims and at home for 70% of female victims. The perpetrators were mostly unknown to male victims (62% of all men victims) and mostly known (usually the partner or a former partner) to female victims (90% of all women victims). For 80% of the women and 47% of the men, the violent event which brought them to the consultation, was not the first one. Because 90% of all patients under study were victimized by men., not only is it necessary to target prevention program to match the potential victims, prevention messages must also focus on potential offenders, especially on young men.

Male sexuality-related concerns: what use of the internet?

Purpose: Although young males encounter sexually-related concerns, they are mostly absent from specialized services. Our objective is to assess whether the internet is used by boys to find answers to these types of problems and questions. Methods: In the context of a qualitative study assessing young males' barriers to access sexual and reproductive health facilities, we conducted two focus groups gathering 12 boys aged 17-20. Discussions were triggered through the presentation of four vignettes corresponding to questions posted by 17-20 year old boys and girls on an information website for adolescents (www.ciao.ch), concerning various sexual dysfunction situations. In order to avoid having to talk about their own experience, participants were asked what they would do in those cases. Results: In general, the internet was mentioned quite thoroughly as a means of searching for information through research engines and a place to address professionals for advice.Within the hierarchy of consultation possibilities, the internet was given the first place as a way to deal with these types of problems presenting many advantages: (1) the internet enables to maintain intimacy; (2) it is anonymous (use of a pseudo); (3) it avoids having to confront someone face-to-face with personal problems which can be embarrassing and challenging for one's pride; (4) it is free; and (5) it is accessible at all times. In other words, participants value the internet as a positive tool to avoid many barriers which prevent offline consultations to take place. Most participants consider the internet at least as a first step in trying to solve a problem; for instance, by better defining the seriousness of a problem and judging if it is worth consulting a doctor. However, despite the positive qualities of the internet, they do put forward the importance of having specialists answering questions, trustworthiness, and being followed-up by the same person. Participants suggested that a strategy to break down barriers for boys to consult in face-to-face settings is to have a consultation on the internet as a first step which could then guide the person to an in-person consultation if necessary. Conclusions: The internet as a means of obtaining information or consulting received high marks overall. Although the internet cannot replace an in-person consultation, the screen and the keyboard have the advantage of not involving a face-to-face encounter and raise the possibility of discussing sexual problems anonymously and in private. The internet tools together with other new technologies should continue to develop in a secure manner as a space providing prevention messages and to become an easy access door to sexual and reproductive health services for young men, which can then guide youths to appropriate resource persons. Sources of support: This study was supported by the Maurice Chalumeau Foundation, Switzerland.