Introduced freshwater blenny influences the diet and body condition of the invasive dice snake in Lake Geneva

Non-indigenous species can have strong impacts on biodiversity by affecting trophic relationships in their new environments. The piscivorous dice snake (Natrix tessellata) has been introduced to Geneva Lake, western Switzerland, where the endangered viperine snake (Natrix maura) is native. Local, dramatic declines in the viperine snake population might be associated with the appearance of the dice snake through dietary overlap between these 2 species, which mainly feed on bullhead (Cottus gobio). In response to this decline, a control program for dice snake was implemented in 2007 to reduce numbers of this introduced snake. In 2010, a new species of fish, the freshwater blenny (Salaria fluviatilis), which shares the same habitat as the bullhead, was introduced into Lake Geneva and has since reached high densities. We determined the impact of freshwater blenny on diet composition and body condition of dice snakes. In addition, we tested for effects of the control program on the body condition of dice snakes and viperine snakes. We collected 294 dice snakes between 2007 and 2013. Based on morphology and a genetic marker (cytochrome b gene), we determined the ®sh species contained in these snakes' stomachs. We found a drastic switch in dice snake diet following the arrival of freshwater blenny, as consumption of bullhead declined by 68% and was replaced by the blenny. In addition, the body condition of dice snakes increased significantly after the arrival of freshwater blenny. The body condition of both snake species was positively correlated with the number of dice snakes removed from the study area. This finding has important implications concerning the conservation of the endangered viperine snake, and suggests that the control program of dice snakes should be continued.

21

Induction chemotherapy, as part of an integrated plan of management for locally advanced cancers, is being practised throughout the world in independent, isolated departments in universities, teaching hospitals, and clinical schools. Frequently, however, teams are relatively unaware of the work being undertaken in other institutions, and this situation may slow further progress. This book aims to present the full range of management techniques and practices used in induction chemotherapy within one accessible volume. It provides up-to-date information on the pioneering and cutting edge practices employed in different institutions and documents the advantages of integrated treatment schedules. Patient selection is discussed, and each of the cancer types for which induction therapy has proved important is considered in detail. All who are responsible for the treatment of patients with locally advanced cancers will find this book to be an invaluable source of information. It will be particularly interesting for specialist oncologists aiming to set up and develop fully comprehensive cancer centres and for health administrators wishing to learn about the benefits of establishing such centres in strategic locations.

Evaluation des campagnes de prévention contre le SIDA en Suisse : rapport de l'étude "homosexuels" : novembre 1987

Cette étude est destinée à évaluer les effets des campagnes de prévention du SIDA en Suisse chez les homosexuels, en termes de modifications des représentations, attitudes et comportements face à cette maladie et aux manières de s'en protéger. Elle s'intéresse aussi aux modalités d'acquisition d'attitudes et comportements nouveaux, ainsi qu'à la manière dont les campagnes ont été accueillies et répercutées. (Questionnaire en annexe).

Evaluation des campagnes de prévention contre le SIDA en Suisse sur mandat de l'Office fédéral de la santé publique : rapport de synthèse, décembre 1987

Les conclusions que l'on peut tirer après dix mois d'une campagne de prévention intensive, sont les suivantes: -> la campagne a atteint sa cible, la population générale et les groupes exposés, après une bonne diffusion et amplification par les médias; -> elle n'a pas donné lieu à l'expression de fortes résistances ou d'oppositions; -> des phénomènes multiplicateurs (actions locales, répercussions par les leaders de groupes, etc) sont apparus et contribuent à renforcer la campagne elle-même; -> la vente de préservatifs a augmenté; -> on observe des changements d'attitudes et de comportements dans le sens d'une meilleure protection dans la population générale aussi bien que dans les groupes observés, choisis spécifiquement pour leur probabilité plus grande d'adopter des comportements à risque (jeunes, homosexuels, toxicomanes...), ce qui permet de supposer que ces tendances se généraliseront, pour autant que les campagnes se poursuivent sans relâche et sans dérapage. [Auteurs, p. 7-8]

Evaluation du projet EVITA: rapport final

Le projet EVITA (EValuation Indication, Traitement ambulatoire, Accompagnement) s'inscrit dans le Plan cantonal d'action Alcool (2007-2012), lui-même en conformité avec le Plan national Alcool (2007-2011). Ce projet est un mandat du Service de la santé publique qui a pour objectif la mise en oeuvre et l'évaluation d'un dispositif cantonal d'indication et de suivi (DCIS) constituant une porte d'entrée unique. Le DCIS est constitué d'un partenariat entre la Fondation vaudoise contre l'alcoolisme (FVA) et le Centre de traitement en alcoologie (CTA) du CHUV. C'est l'Unité d'évaluation de programmes de prévention (UEPP) de l'Institut universitaire de médecine sociale et préventive (IUMSP) qui a été chargée par le CTA, mandant, de l'évaluation du projet EVITA et qui en a rédigé le protocole. [Introduction, p. 5]

Evaluation des campagnes de prévention contre le SIDA en Suisse : rapport intermédiaire : juillet 1987

Principales constatations a) en termes de résultats (modification d'attitudes et de comportements), b) en termes de processus d'influences, c) à propos du test de dépistage du VIH. Recommandations.

Invasion and eradication of a competitively superior species in heterogeneous landscapes

The effect of heterogeneous environments upon the dynamics of invasion and the eradication or control of invasive species is poorly understood, although it is a major challenge for biodiversity conservation. Here, we first investigate how the probability and time for invasion are affected by spatial heterogeneity. Then, we study the effect of control program strategies (e.g. species specificity, spatial scale of action, detection and eradication efficiency) on the success and time of eradication. We find that heterogeneity increases both the invasion probability and the time to invasion. Heterogeneity also reduces the probability of eradication but does not change the time taken for successful eradication. We confirm that early detection of invasive species reduces the time until eradication, but we also demonstrate that this is true only if the local control action is sufficiently efficient. The criterion of removal efficiency is even more important for an eradication program than simply ensuring control effort when the invasive species is not abundant.

Evaluation de la campagne de lutte contre le SIDA de l'Office fédéral de la santé publique (OFSP) : 1987-1988 : questionnaires et guides d'interviews : annexe au Cahier no 16 s.1

[Table des matières] Comportements à risque et usage des préservatifs (enquête représentative auprès des jeunes Suisses de 17-30 ans): questionnaire. - Comportements à risque et usage de préservatifs (enquête auprès des médecins Sentinelles): questionnaires. - Attitudes des leaders d'opinion informels: questionnaires. - Enquête "Adolescents": questionnaire et guide d'entretien. - Enquête "Dragueurs": projet de grille-questionnaire. - Enquête "Sex-tourisme tropical": guide d'interview. - Enquête "Homosexuels": questionnaire et guide d'interview. - Enquête "Toxicomanes": questionnaire.

Evaluation des campagnes de prévention du SIDA en Suisse : rapport intermédiaire : (juillet 1988)

Le présent rapport intermédiaire concerne l'impact de la suite de la campagne STOP-SIDA et des autres aspects de la prévention (actions multiplicatrices, compléments à la campagne STOP-SIDA), à partir du mois d'octobre 1987. Il fait référence entre autres à la phase III de STOP-SIDA: répétition des messages des phases I et II (usage du préservatif, non-échange de matériel d'injection, fidélité) et situations sans risque de contamination. Les données présentées sont le résultat d'une synthèse préliminaire basée sur des études en cours de réalisation, elles ne peuvent donc être interprétées qu'en termes de premières tendances ou impressions, qui devront encore être confirmées ou infirmées par l'achèvement des études. Elles permettent cependant de formuler quelques conclusions et recommandations. [Auteurs, p. 5-6]

Compliance of hospitality premises to the ban on smoking in all enclosed public places in the Seychelles

In Seychelles, comprehensive tobacco control legislation enacted in 2009, and subsequent regulations, ban smoking in all enclosed places (defined as any area under a fixed or transient roof). A survey in October-November 2014 assessed i) the compliance to the Act and these regulations in 63 restaurants, bars or discotheques and ii) knowledge of the Tobacco control Act and these regulations of supervisors and managers of these hospitality premises; (47 agreed to answer). No person was found smoking in 92% of all premises. However, "no smoking" signs did not conform to regulations in >70% of premises, and ashtrays were seen in 17% of enclosed premises. All supervisors and managers (100%) knew that smoking is banned in enclosed premises but <15% knew the fines liable to persons, respective owners of enclosed places, when a person smokes in an enclosed premise. Furthermore, 60% of supervisors were not aware that no smoking signs must comply with a specific regulation and 40% were not aware that ashtrays are not permitted in enclosed premises. In conclusion, the positive finding is that few persons smoke in restaurants, bars and discotheques, but the survey also showed that several aspects of regulations for tobacco control in enclosed premises are not well implemented. This calls for further information campaigns targeting both the public and the managers of hospitality premises, but also for strengthening enforcement measures, including fines for offenses. Scaling up comprehensive tobacco control measures, including full enforcement of clean air policy, is of paramount importance to meet the national target of 30% reduction of the smoking prevalence between 2010 and 2025.

Multifactorial ERβ and NOTCH1 control of squamous differentiation and cancer.

Downmodulation or loss-of-function mutations of the gene encoding NOTCH1 are associated with dysfunctional squamous cell differentiation and development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in skin and internal organs. While NOTCH1 receptor activation has been well characterized, little is known about how NOTCH1 gene transcription is regulated. Using bioinformatics and functional screening approaches, we identified several regulators of the NOTCH1 gene in keratinocytes, with the transcription factors DLX5 and EGR3 and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) directly controlling its expression in differentiation. DLX5 and ERG3 are required for RNA polymerase II (PolII) recruitment to the NOTCH1 locus, while ERβ controls NOTCH1 transcription through RNA PolII pause release. Expression of several identified NOTCH1 regulators, including ERβ, is frequently compromised in skin, head and neck, and lung SCCs and SCC-derived cell lines. Furthermore, a keratinocyte ERβ-dependent program of gene expression is subverted in SCCs from various body sites, and there are consistent differences in mutation and gene-expression signatures of head and neck and lung SCCs in female versus male patients. Experimentally increased ERβ expression or treatment with ERβ agonists inhibited proliferation of SCC cells and promoted NOTCH1 expression and squamous differentiation both in vitro and in mouse xenotransplants. Our data identify a link between transcriptional control of NOTCH1 expression and the estrogen response in keratinocytes, with implications for differentiation therapy of squamous cancer.