Gaston Paris - Joseph Bédier. Correspondance

Gaston Paris: le maître; Joseph Bédier: le disciple. Ces deux grands érudits, dont les car- rières glorieuses consacrent l'accession de la philologie romane, en France, au statut de dis- cipline scientifique, restent sans doute les deux figures les plus célèbres des temps héroïques de la médiévistique française.Tous deux professeurs au Collège de France et membres de l'Académie française, ils ont renouvelé l'image que non seulement les spécialistes, mais aussi le grand public se faisaient de la littérature du Moyen Âge: nous vivons aujourd'hui encore de leurs travaux.Tout les sépare (Bédier n'ayant eu de cesse de contester les idées de Paris), mais tout les unit, car tous deux professent un égal amour de la vérité et de la probité scientifique. Enfin réunie (même si on doit déplorer la perte de beaucoup de let- tres du maître), leur correspondance offre un tableau extraordinairement vivant et ins- tructif du débat incessant qu'ont mené les deux hommes et, surtout, d'une amitié profonde faite de respect mutuel et d'un désir sincère de voir la science l'emporter sur les querelles partisanes. Demandant à Bédier de se mesurer à lui de la même manière queTaras Boulba incitait ses fils à le battre, Gaston Paris répond ainsi d'avance à ceux qui après sa mort ont accusé Bédier d'avoir voulu "tuer" son maître. La présente publication ouvre une collection qui a l'ambition de nous restituer les plus belles correspondances des princi- paux représentants de la philologie romane des XIXe et XXe siècles.

Beclin 1 mitigates motor and neuropathological deficits in genetic mouse models of Machado-Joseph disease.

Machado-Joseph disease or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, the most common dominantly-inherited spinocerebellar ataxia, results from translation of the polyglutamine-expanded and aggregation prone ataxin 3 protein. Clinical manifestations include cerebellar ataxia and pyramidal signs and there is no therapy to delay disease progression. Beclin 1, an autophagy-related protein and essential gene for cell survival, is decreased in several neurodegenerative disorders. This study aimed at evaluating if lentiviral-mediated beclin 1 overexpression would rescue motor and neuropathological impairments when administered to pre- and post-symptomatic lentiviral-based and transgenic mouse models of Machado-Joseph disease. Beclin 1-mediated significant improvements in motor coordination, balance and gait with beclin 1-treated mice equilibrating longer periods in the Rotarod and presenting longer and narrower footprints. Furthermore, in agreement with the improvements observed in motor function beclin 1 overexpression prevented neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration, decreasing formation of polyglutamine-expanded aggregates, preserving Purkinje cell arborization and immunoreactivity for neuronal markers. These data show that overexpression of beclin 1 in the mouse cerebellum is able to rescue and hinder the progression of motor deficits when administered to pre- and post-symptomatic stages of the disease.

La force motrice hydraulique au service du développement économique helvétique : L'exemple du réseau d'eau sous pression à Lausanne 1868-1914

The success story of hydroelectricity long influenced and dominated Swiss scholarly literature devoted to the history of technology. This means of conducting power, which emerged at the end of the 19th century and is still dominating today, has attracted much more attention than technologies that have been shadowed by its success. In spite of their important contribution to Swiss economic development, the distribution networks of pressurized water have been neglected by scholars. This article contributes to close this historiographic gap by analyzing the introduction of pressurized water distribution in 1876 in Lausanne, in the context of the building of the first Swiss cable funicular between Lausanne and Ouchy. This article shows how pressurized water distribution transformed socio-economic practices in the urban areas in which it was adopted. Indeed, this innovation, which allowed the use of distant hydraulic resources, enabled the rationalization of industrial and artisanal production as well as improved the density of the urban industrial base. By facilitating the introduction of electric lighting, pressurized water networks played a key role in the early development, and further successes, of the Swiss hydroelectric industry.