Neonatal Minimally Invasive Surgery for Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernias: a multicenter study using thoracoscopy or laparoscopy.

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for late-presenting congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) has been described previously, but few neonatal cases of CDH have been reported. This study aimed to report the multicenter experience of these rare cases and to compare the laparoscopic and thoracoscopic approaches. METHODS: Using MIS procedures, 30 patients (16 boys and 14 girls) from nine centers underwent surgery for CDH within the first month of life, 26 before day 5. Only one patient had associated malformations. There were 10 preterm patients (32-36 weeks of gestational age). Their weight at birth ranged from 1,800 to 3,800 g, with three patients weighing less than 2,600 g. Of the 30 patients, 18 were intubated at birth. RESULTS: The MIS procedures were performed in 18 cases by a thoracoscopic approach and in 12 cases by a laparoscopic approach. No severe complication was observed. For 20 patients, reduction of the intrathoracic contents was achieved easily with 15 thoracoscopies and 5 laparoscopies. In six cases, the reduction was difficult, proving to be impossible for the four remaining patients: one treated with thoracoscopy and three with laparoscopy. The reasons for the inability to reduce the thoracic contents were difficulty of liver mobilization (1 left CDH and 2 right CDH) and the presence of a dilated stomach in the thorax. Reductions were easier for cases of wide diaphragmatic defects using thoracoscopy. There were 10 conversions (5 laparoscopies and 5 thoracoscopies). The reported reasons for conversion were inability to reduce (n = 4), need for a patch (n = 5), lack of adequate vision (n = 4), narrow working space (n = 1), associated bowel malrotation (n = 1), and an anesthetic problem (n = 1). Five defects were too large for direct closure and had to be closed with a patch. Four required conversion, with one performed through video-assisted thoracic surgery. The recurrences were detected after two primer thoracoscopic closures, one of which was managed by successful reoperation using thoracoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: In the neonatal period, CDH can be safely closed using MIS procedures. The overall success rate in this study was 67%. The indication for MIS is not related to weeks of gestational age, to weight at birth (if >2,600 g), or to the extent of the immediate neonatal care. Patients with no associated anomaly who are hemodynamically stabilized can benefit from MIS procedures. Reduction of the herniated organs is easier using thoracoscopy. Right CDH, liver lobe herniation, and the need for a patch closure are the most frequent reasons for conversion.

Psychose, cannabis et groupes motivationnels

En s'appuyant sur les acquis démontrés de l'entretien motivationnel individuel chez les patients psychotiques consommateurs de cannabis, une équipe suisse a complété leur prise en charge individuelle par des groupes motivationnels. Le format de ces groupes mobilise davantage ces patients et favorise notamment une mise en scène de la balance décisionnelle.

Mass casualty incidents with multiple burn victims: rationale for a Swiss burn plan.

INTRODUCTION: Mass casualty incidents involving victims with severe burns pose difficult and unique problems for both rescue teams and hospitals. This paper presents an analysis of the published reports with the aim of proposing a rational model for burn rescue and hospital referral for Switzerland. METHODS: Literature review including systematic searches of PubMed/Medline, reference textbooks and journals as well as landmark articles. RESULTS: Since hospitals have limited surge capacities in the event of burn disasters, a special approach to both prehospital and hospital management of these victims is required. Specialized rescue and care can be adequately met and at all levels of needs by deploying mobile burn teams to the scene. These burn teams can bring needed skills and enhance the efficiency of the classical disaster response teams. Burn teams assist with both primary and secondary triage, contribute to initial patient management and offer advice to non-specialized designated hospitals that provide acute care for burn patients with Total Burn Surface Area (TBSA) <20-30%. The main components required for successful deployments of mobile burn teams include socio-economic feasibility, streamlined logistical implementation as well as partnership coordination with other agencies including subsidiary military resources. CONCLUSIONS: Disaster preparedness plans involving burn specialists dispatched from a referral burn center can upgrade and significantly improve prehospital rescue outcome, initial resuscitation care and help prevent an overload to hospital surge capacities in case of multiple burn victims. This is the rationale behind the ongoing development and implementation of the Swiss burn plan.

Effets des usages différenciés de l'activité physique sur des enfants en classe enfantine : étude pluridisciplinaire et comparative

La thèse traite de projets de classes enfantines avec de l'activité physique, projets pilotes ayant entre autres le but d'évaluer les effets d'un apport d'activité physique auprès d'enfants de 4 à 6 ans. Le projet de recherche saisit l'opportunité de pouvoir observer les effets de l'AP sur de jeunes enfants (n=86, classes AP=40, classes contrôles=46) et ceci par trois regards distincts : une quantification de l'activité physique, l'influence de cette dernière sur certaines composantes cognitives (créativité, intelligence et concentration) des jeunes enfants et, enfin, l'influence de l'activité physique au niveau psychosocial (microsystèmes familial et scolaire). La méthodologie mélange des méthodes qualitatives (entretiens, observations) et quantitatives (accéléromètres (GT1M), tests de créativité (Krampen, 1996), d'intelligence (Cattell, Weiss & Osterland, 1997), de concentration (Krampen, 2007)). Les principaux résultats démontrent que ce type de projet permet d'augmenter l'AP durant le temps scolaire et les résultats sont plus contrastés en extrascolaire. Un temps supérieur consacré à l'AP ne démontre aucune diminution des capacités cognitives dans cette tranche d'âge-là. L'analyse du microsystème familial nous informe sur le fait que les parents qui ont placé leurs enfants dans ce type de classes sont eux-mêmes plus actifs que la moyenne de la population suisse (Lamprecht, Fischer, & Stamm, 2008a). Enfin, un apport d'AP ne permet pas d'augmenter le nombre de feedbacks tournés vers l'autonomie et le style contrôlant est même renforcé. Nos résultats sont discutés sur la base des études de Kriemler et al. (2010) qui démontrent toute la difficulté d'une intervention scolaire pour modifier les comportements familiaux en extrascolaire. La fonction exécutive (Tomporowski et al., 2008) offre un regard neurophysiologique éclairant les effets de l'AP sur les différentes capacités étudiées. Enfin, il semble que la pression générée par la mise en place de projets liés à un apport d'AP en école enfantine va dans le sens d'une augmentation d'un style contrôlant (Tessier, 2006). Ce choix d'approcher les observations selon plusieurs angles d'étude est audacieux car il se situe en situation écologique mais il représente en même temps le seul moyen d'observer les effets en tenant davantage compte de la complexité des conduites des interactions entre différents facteurs. - The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of physical activity (PA) in kindergartens with children aged from 4 to 6 years old. The project seizes the opportunity to observe the effects of PA on young children (n=86, classes AP=40, control classes=46) with three different axes: a quantification of PA, the influence of PA on cognitive functions (creativity, intelligence and concentration), and the influence on the family and the climate in the class. The methodology is based on a mix of qualitative (interviews, observations) and quantitative (accelerometer (GT1M), creativity test (Krampen, 1996), intelligence test (Cattell, Weiss & Osterland, 1997), concentration test (Krampen, 2007)) methods. The main results show that PA during the schooltime increased and the results outside of the school present more contrasts. More time spent for PA doesn't influence negatively the evolution of the cognitive functions at this age. The parents, who have interest for this kind of kindergartens for their children move significantly more than the Swiss population (Lamprecht, et al., 2008a). More PA during the lessons doesn't increase the feedbacks given with autonomy and more control is even observed. The results show the difficulty of changing the behaviors of a family linked to PA outside of the school (Kriemler et al., 2010). The discussion of the results of the cognitive functions is based on the executive function, which seems to be linked to PA (Tomporowski et al., 2008). Finally, it seems that the pressure occurred by those projects with PA tend to foster a climate with more control (Tessier, 2006). The choice of structuring the thesis with three different axes represents a risk because it is established in ecological conditions, but it also allows to observe the effects of PA taking into consideration the interactions between the different factors.