Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and stress sensitivity mediate the relation between adverse life events and attenuated positive psychotic symptoms.

INTRODUCTION: There is now solid evidence for a relation between adverse life events (ALE) and psychotic symptoms in patients with psychosis and in the general population. A recent study has shown that this relation may be partially mediated by stress sensitivity, suggesting the influence of other factors. The aim of this study was to assess the mediation effect of emotion regulation strategies and stress sensitivity in the relation between ALE and attenuated positive psychotic symptoms (APPS) in the general population. METHODS: Hundred and twelve healthy volunteers were evaluated with measures of APPS, emotion regulation strategies, ALE and stress sensitivity. RESULTS: Results demonstrated that the relation between ALE, hallucination and delusion proneness was completely mediated by maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, but not by stress sensitivity. However, in addition to maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, stress sensitivity demonstrated a mediation effect between ALE and attenuated positive psychotic positive symptoms when positive psychotic symptoms were grouped together. CONCLUSIONS: There are probably several possible trajectories leading to the formation of positive psychotic symptoms and the results of the present study reveal that one such trajectory may involve the maladaptive regulation of negative emotions alongside a certain general vulnerability after experiencing ALE.

Latent Class Analysis of Gambling Activities in a Sample of Young Swiss Men : Association with Gambling Problems, Substance Use Outcomes, Personality Traits and Coping Strategies.

The study aimed to identify different patterns of gambling activities (PGAs) and to investigate how PGAs differed in gambling problems, substance use outcomes, personality traits and coping strategies. A representative sample of 4989 young Swiss males completed a questionnaire assessing seven distinct gambling activities, gambling problems, substance use outcomes, personality traits and coping strategies. PGAs were identified using latent class analysis (LCA). Differences between PGAs in gambling and substance use outcomes, personality traits and coping strategies were tested. LCA identified six different PGAs. With regard to gambling and substance use outcomes, the three most problematic PGAs were extensive gamblers, followed by private gamblers, and electronic lottery and casino gamblers, respectively. By contrast, the three least detrimental PGAs were rare or non-gamblers, lottery only gamblers and casino gamblers. With regard to personality traits, compared with rare or non-gamblers, private and casino gamblers reported higher levels of sensation seeking. Electronic lottery and casino gamblers, private gamblers and extensive gamblers had higher levels of aggression-hostility. Extensive and casino gamblers reported higher levels of sociability, whereas casino gamblers reported lower levels of anxiety-neuroticism. Extensive gamblers used more maladaptive and less adaptive coping strategies than other groups. Results suggest that gambling is not a homogeneous activity since different types of gamblers exist according to the PGA they are engaged in. Extensive gamblers, electronic and casino gamblers and private gamblers may have the most problematic PGAs. Personality traits and coping skills may predispose individuals to PGAs associated with more or less negative outcomes.

Les strategies de coping chez les proches aidants de personnes atteintes de schizophrenie

Problématique. Les proches aidants jouent un rôle primordial de soutien auprès des personnes atteintes de schizophrénie. La symptomatologie et les perturbations du fonctionnement psychosocial des personnes atteintes de cette maladie peuvent entraîner un fardeau extrêmement élevé pour leur entourage. Les approches psycho-éducatives sont reconnues pour favoriser des stratégies de coping ayant comme impact d'atténuer la détresse des proches aidants et d'améliorer les relations interpersonnelles entre le proche aidant et la personne souffrant de schizophrénie. Buts: décrire et explorer les stratégies de coping chez les proches aidants de personnes atteintes de schizophrénie. Méthode: cette étude descriptive exploratoire a été menée auprès de 45 proches aidants, recrutés selon un échantillonnage de convenance. Ils ont rempli deux auto-questionnaires : (a) le questionnaire sociodémographique et (b) le Family Coping Questionnaire. Des statistiques descriptives de distributions et des analyses corrélationnelles bivariées ont été effectuées. Résultats: les résultats montrent que les stratégies de coping centrées sur le problème et les stratégies de coping centrées sur le maintien social sont plus utilisées que celles appartenant au coping centré sur l'émotion. Cependant, les stratégies de coping centré sur l'émotion sont encore souvent utilisées. Conclusion: malgré les limites de cette étude liées à la taille de l'échantillon, les résultats sont compatibles avec les études antérieures. Il semble important de poursuivre des recherches dans ce domaine pour mieux comprendre les associations entre les représentations de la maladie et les stratégies de coping. Il semble aussi crucial de développer, auprès des proches aidants, les interventions qui leur permettent une meilleure gestion des émotions.