Regards croisés sur l'application aux médecins assistants de la Loi sur le travail dès le 1er janvier 2005

En 2002, sur la pression de l'ASMAV (Section vaudoise de l'Association suisse des médecins-assistants et chef(fe)s de clinique ASMAC), le canton de Vaud applique petit à petit la Loi sur le travail (LTr) aux médecins-assistants (temps de travail hebdomadaire maximal de 55 puis 50 heures, etc.). L'auteur analyse les implications de la Loi sur le travail dans deux contextes vaudois, le CHUV et l'Hôpital du Chablais. Il se base sur un questionnaire de l'ASMAV auprès des médecins-assistants et interviewe plusieurs médecins et un médecin-assistant sur les conséquences organisationnelles et financières de la LTr.

Enhancing actions of peptides derived from the γ-chain of fetal human hemoglobin on the immunostimulant activities of monophosphoryl lipid A.

Hemoglobin and its structures have been described since the 1990s to enhance a variety of biological activities of endotoxins (LPS) in a dose-dependent manner. To investigate the interaction processes in more detail, the system was extended by studying the interactions of newly designed peptides from the γ-chain of human hemoglobin with the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a partial structure of lipid A lacking its 1-phosphate. It was found that some selected Hbg peptides, in particular two synthetic substructures designated Hbg32 and Hbg35, considerably increased the bioactivity of MPLA, which alone was only a weak activator of immune cells. These findings hold true for human mononuclar cells, monocytes and T lymphocytes. To understand the mechanisms of action in more detail, biophysical techniques were applied. These showed a peptide-induced change of the MPLA aggregate structure from multilamellar into a non-lamellar, probably inverted, cubic structure. Concomitantly, the peptides incorporated into the tightly packed MPLA aggregates into smaller units down to monomers. The fragmentation of the aggregates was an endothermic process, differing from a complex formation but rather typical for a catalytic reaction.