Transición a la vida adulta de jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual. La opinión de los profesionales de servicios escolares y postescolares = Transition to adulthood of young people with intellectual disabilities. Views of professionals from school and postschool services

La transición a la edad adulta y vida activa es un proceso extremadamente complejo para los jóvenes con discapacidad. Para plantear propuestas de actuación que mejoren sus oportunidades de conseguir objetivos relacionados con la inclusión laboral y social en la vida adulta es imprescindible el diagnóstico en profundidad del contexto en que se construyen y desarrollan los procesos de transición. En este artículo se presenta un estudio en el que se ha aplicado el método Delphi con el propósito de obtener datos sobre la adecuación de los servicios o dispositivos que trabajan con jóvenes con discapacidad a lo largo de su proceso de transición a la edad adulta y vida activa, tanto en el escenario escolar como en el postescolar. Se han constituido dos paneles de expertos, uno con profesionales del ámbito educativo y otro con profesionales que trabajan en servicios postescolares. En ambos casos, los ejes temáticos son: visión del proceso de transición, aspectos curriculares y organizativos de los servicios, existencia de itinerarios de apoyo sistematizados, trabajo colaborativo entre profesionales, acciones de orientación con familias, adecuación de las alternativas postescolares, la formación de los profesionales, y coordinación de servicios. El análisis de los cuestionarios permite constatar las principales dificultades percibidas por los expertos en cada uno de los ámbitos y establece líneas básicas de actuación para mejorar los procesos de tránsito, entre las cuales destaca la necesidad de reforzar el papel de los equipos multiprofesionales en la articulación de redes de trabajo interprofesional

El estudio de los itinerarios escolares y post-escolares como pauta de reflexión en la construcción de una escuela y una sociedad para todos

La consecuencia lógica de la integración de las personas con necesidades educativas especiales en la institución escolar tendría que ser la anexión de estas a ámbitos normalizados de su colectividad una vez finalizada la escolaridad obligatoria. El discurso de la integración, por tanto, no se tendría que situar única y exclusivamente en el ámbito escolar, sino que debería extrapolarse a todos los ámbitos donde la persona se desarrolla. En este trabajo analizamos los itinerarios escolares y post-escolares que siguen las personas con discapacidad psíquica en la comarca del Segrià (Cataluña), apuntamos las posibles causas por las que se configuran unos itinerarios u otros y, a partir de ahí, establecemos pautas de reflexión para ir construyendo una escuela y una sociedad para todos.

Risk Attitude And Wage Growth: Replication And Reconstruction

We replicate Shaw (1996) who found that individual wage growth is higher for individuals with greater preference for risk taking. Expanding her dataset with more American observations and data for Germany, Spain and Italy, we find mixed support for the earlier results. We present and estimate a new model and find that in particular the wage level is sensitive to attitudes towards risk taking. Comments given at the Labour Economics Conference in honour of Niels Westergaard (Nyborg, August 2008) and EALE 2008 (Amsterdam) and at seminars in Maastricht,Reus and Essen (RWI) are gratefully acknowledged. The authors also acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant number SEJ2007-66318) and from the Barcelona Economics Program of CREA. JEL code: J24; J30. Key words: wage growth, risk, post-school investment.

Constrained school choice

Recently, several school districts in the US have adopted or consider adopting the Student-Optimal Stable Mechanism or the Top Trading Cycles Mechanism to assign children to public schools. There is clear evidence that for school districts that employ (variants of) the so-called Boston Mechanism the transition would lead to efficiency gains. The first two mechanisms are strategy-proof, but in practice student assignment procedures impede students to submit a preference list that contains all their acceptable schools. Therefore, any desirable property of the mechanisms is likely toget distorted. We study the non trivial preference revelation game where students can only declare up to a fixed number (quota) of schools to be acceptable. We focus on the stability of the Nash equilibrium outcomes. Our main results identify rather stringent necessary and sufficient conditions on the priorities to guaranteestability. This stands in sharp contrast with the Boston Mechanism which yields stable Nash equilibrium outcomes, independently of the quota. Hence, the transition to any of the two mechanisms is likely to come with a higher risk that students seek legal actionas lower priority students may occupy more preferred schools.

Performance in post-compulsory education: evidence from vocational and academic tracks

This paper investigates the factors in_uencing grade performance in two different high school tracks (academic and vocational), including the effect of the amount of work achieved while studying. The empirical strategy analyzes grade progression through the outcomes, passing, repeating and dropping out, conditioning on previous outcomes, and dealing with the endogeneity introduced by the working variable. The analysis is based on a unique Spanish data with information on schooling and labor histories. Findings show that working reduces performance in both tracks, mainly during the first year, although the ffects are less detri- mental in the vocational path. Additionally, good performance in compulsory education, at- tending a private high school, or having high-educated parents improve outcomes, particularly in academic high school.

The post-communist fertility puzzle

Fertility has unanimously declined across the entire post-communist region. This study explores the variation in fertility trends over time among these countries and assesses to what degree three explanations are applicable: second demographic transition (SDT), postponement transition (PPT) or reaction to the economic crisis. Moreover, on the basis of SDT and PPT theoretical tenets, as well as descriptive evidence, the economic context is hypothesized to be linked to two processes of fertility decline conversely. The results show that no one theoretical explanation is sufficient to explain the complex fertility declines across the entire post-communist region from 1990 to 2003. In some countries, a great part of the decline in fertility occurred before significant postponement of childbearing began, which indicates that the dramatic decline was due to stopping behavior or postponement of higher order births. Postponement of first births, either through PPT or SDT processes, greatly contributed to fertility decline in a small number of countries. Pooled cross-sectional time-series analyses of age-specific birthrates confirm that these two distinct processes are present and show that the economic crisis explanation has explanatory power for declining birth rates. In contrast, logistic regressions show that the likelihood of postponing childbirth increases with improved economic conditions. These results confirm the importance of taking the economic context into account when discussing explanations for fertility decline. More specifically, the results indicate that the severity and duration of economic crisis, or absence thereof, influenced the extent and manner in which fertility declined.

How different are returns to education? Evidence from German school choices

This study presents estimates of returns to post-secondary educationand wage differentials among graduates fromdifferent secondary schoolsin Germany. I use an empirical model that captures the basic features ofthe German education system. It controls for selection into post-secondaryeducation and treats latter as endogenous in the wage equation. Myresults show that OLS estimates are severely biased. The direction ofthe bias depends on the secondary school type. Annual returns topost-secondary education differ significantly: they are eight timeshigher for graduates from the highest secondary school than for graduatesfrom the lowest secondary school.

Resiliencia y persistencia académica en estudiantes inmigrantes

This article presents some of the results of a research project whose main objective was to analyse the relationship between resilience and school success of students of foreign origin at a time of special academic vulnerability: the transition from compulsory secondary education (ESO) to post-compulsory education (PO). By non-probabilistic-incidental sampling, the study was conducted in four schools of Barcelona and province, with 94 participants from 15 to 18 years old. This research of a longitudinal design had five phases combining strategies to collect qualitative and quantitative data. The results presented here are the result of the SV-RES adapted scale and two other self-produced toolsa center scale and a general questionnaire. The results obtained have confirmed the fulfilment of the hypothesis: immigrant students who manage to persevere in post-compulsory stages (Spanish Baccalaureate and/or Vocational Training) show higher levels of resilience.

Titulats en Mestre d'Educació Musical a la Universitat de Barcelona dels cursos 2005 a 2008: estudi d'inserció laboral.

Aquest estudi pretén esbrinar la coherència de la formació rebuda pels mestres d'educació musical que han estudiat a la UB respecte als requeriments necessaris per a la seva inserció laboral. S'ha dut a terme un estudi descriptiu ex post facto per enquesta que ha donat com a resultats un perfil definit de titulat que indica un alt grau d'inserció laboral i un temps d'espera mínim, principalment a les escoles públiques i mitjançant oposicions o borses d'interins. Aquests mestres estan satisfets de la seva feina, i la motivació per aprendre, la capacitat de treball, la comunicació oral, la vocació, la responsabilitat o les habilitats socials són algunes de les competències professionals que creuen que han estat determinants a l'hora de ser contractats. Per tot això es conclou que les persones que han cursat els estudis de Mestre d'Educació Musical de la UB tenen un alt grau d'inserció i satisfacció laboral, i que la formació inicial coincideix en gran part amb les competències de la professió detectades en aquest estudi.

Titulats en Mestre d'Educació Musical de la Universitat de Barcelona

Aquest estudi pretén esbrinar la coherència de la formació rebuda pels mestres d'educació musical que han estudiat a la UB respecte als requeriments necessaris per a la seva inserció laboral. S'ha dut a terme un estudi descriptiu ex post facto per enquesta que ha donat com a resultats un perfil definit de titulat que indica un alt grau d'inserció laboral i un temps d'espera mínim, principalment a les escoles públiques i mitjançant oposicions o borses d'interins. Aquests mestres estan satisfets de la seva feina, i la motivació per aprendre, la capacitat de treball, la comunicació oral, la vocació, la responsabilitat o les habilitats socials són algunes de les competències professionals que creuen que han estat determinants a l'hora de ser contractats. Per tot això es conclou que les persones que han cursat els estudis de Mestre d'Educació Musical de la UB tenen un alt grau d'inserció i satisfacció laboral, i que la formació inicial coincideix en gran part amb les competències de la professió detectades en aquest estudi.

Using narratives to study the impact of social networks on the educational paths of immigrant students

This paper presents the qualitative data collection process aimed at the study of the impactsocial relations and networks have on educational paths of immigrant students. In theframework of a R & D longitudinal study funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation(2012-2014), the research team tracked the path of 87 immigrant students, from whom only 17successfully achieved the transition through the first and second year of Post-16 Education.A vast range of literature notes that relationships are an important part of migration process andsocial integration analysis, as well as school history in terms of success or failure. Through thefieldwork researchers collect the personal networks of all immigrant students from 3 highschools who were at that time attending last course of compulsory school. The network structureinfluences their social capital and therefore determines the resources, goods and types of supportindividuals can access. All these aspects are influential elements in the configuration anddevelopment of academic trajectories of immigrant students.At the end of the second year of Post-16 Education (two years later), the study captures personalnetworks of these students again, analyses and discusses their evolution and influence on theirpaths through qualitative interviews. Such interviews facilitated the discussion of theirrelationships while providing interesting narratives that are presented in the text. In order to do so, the biographical interpretive narrative method of interviewing is implemented.

Using narratives to study the impact of social networks on the educational paths of immigrant students

This paper presents the qualitative data collection process aimed at the study of the impactsocial relations and networks have on educational paths of immigrant students. In theframework of a R & D longitudinal study funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation(2012-2014), the research team tracked the path of 87 immigrant students, from whom only 17successfully achieved the transition through the first and second year of Post-16 Education.A vast range of literature notes that relationships are an important part of migration process andsocial integration analysis, as well as school history in terms of success or failure. Through thefieldwork researchers collect the personal networks of all immigrant students from 3 highschools who were at that time attending last course of compulsory school. The network structureinfluences their social capital and therefore determines the resources, goods and types of supportindividuals can access. All these aspects are influential elements in the configuration anddevelopment of academic trajectories of immigrant students.At the end of the second year of Post-16 Education (two years later), the study captures personalnetworks of these students again, analyses and discusses their evolution and influence on theirpaths through qualitative interviews. Such interviews facilitated the discussion of theirrelationships while providing interesting narratives that are presented in the text. In order to do so, the biographical interpretive narrative method of interviewing is implemented.

La inclusión laboral y social de los jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual : el papel de la escuela = Work and social inclusion of young people with intellectual disabilities : the role of the school

The transition to adult life from the standpoint of inclusion is a complex process, especially for young people with intellectual disabilities. This article analyzes the context of transition processes showing the main relationships and differences of the different scenarios where young people with disabilities develop personal pathways that lead to adulthood. Among these scenarios, the school -the period of compulsory secondary education- plays a key role. Therefore, a specific section is devoted to developing an approach to the role of the school in the construction of bridges that facilitate social and work inclusion. Finally, it presents some major challenges that need to be faced to improve the processes of transition from an inclusive perspective