La formaci�� d'una pol��tica exterior per a l'Índia. La visita de Nehru a l'Espanya republicana durant la Guerra Civil

L'objectiu ha estat posar en relaci�� dues realitats que fins al moment havien estat considerades completament alienes, com s��n l���Índia i Espanya. La recerca de fonts per a les relacions bilaterals de tot tipus es va iniciar al segle XIX. A partir d���aquest moment apareixen tres camps fonamentals on aprofundir. D���una banda tenim les relacions diplom��tiques i la seva vessant pol��tica a partir del segle XX. El desenvolupament de representacions consulars t�� a veure amb el creixement de l���activitat econ��mica amb l���Índia brit��nica, especialment en el camp del prove��ment de primeres mat��ries (cot�� i jute). En aquest sentit, la recuperaci�� de les relacions econ��miques va ser clau per al posterior mutu reconeixement diplom��tic el 1957 quan l���Índia ja era un estat independent. Entre mig queden anys de malvolen��a degut a la vinculaci�� de Nehru amb el govern republic�� durant la Guerra Civil i la posici�� de l���Índia en el cas d���Espanya a l���ONU. Un altre camp d���inter��s per a les relacions bilaterals es centra en la missi�� de Bombay que a partir de 1920 fou administrada per jesu��tes catalans, valencians i aragonesos. Finalment, un seguiment de la premsa i la intel���lectualitat espanyola mostra com l���Índia es va convertir a partir de 1920 en un nou focus d���inter��s informatiu i pel m��n acad��mic, com no ho havia estat fins llavors. Aquest descobriment de l���Índia per part de viatgers, artistes i periodistes obra una nova via d���intercanvi que es veur�� trucada per la Guerra Civil i el posterior establiment d���un r��gim que destru�� el teixit intel���lectual del pa��s.

Traducci�� i adopci�� a l'Índia: Hindu Adoptions And Maintenance Act, 1956

L���objectiu principal d���aquest treball de fi de grau ��s fer-se c��rrec d���una traducci�� jur��dica amb tot el qu�� aix�� implica: documentar-se a trav��s de fonts fiables, emprar les eines adequades, lliurar-lo dins el termini establert, entre d���altres. En aquest cas, ��s una traducci�� de les lleis que regulen les adopcions a l���Índia. A m��s, en aquest treball tamb�� s���explica breument el dret civil a Catalunya i es compara amb el de l���Índia, ja que es basen en idees molt diferents. Aquests tipus de traduccions exigeixen precisi�� i claredat perqu�� els conceptes i les estructures sint��ctiques acostumen a ser molt complexes. A continuaci��, hi ha detallat cada pas que s���ha seguit per tal d���assolir l���objectiu principal.

Local perception in Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary - Karnataka, India

The main goal of this research is to assess the socio-economic and perception correlates of local resident���s knowledge and gladness towards a protected area. For the case study we selected Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary and populations living in and around the protected area, as well as a nearby local city.

Natural Capital's perception by Kodagu communities: a comparative study (Karnataka, India)

When we ask ourselves about a concrete definition of ���Natural Capital��� we can find a large and wide range of conceptions, which are attached to it. These can turn out to be confusing and contradictory in some cases. In theory, through books and different studies we know natural resources are composed by all the natural actives originated by the nature itself. Besides, these conform a patrimony for society as them are translated into a path towards economy: The Natural Capital. May not the Natural Capital be an easy conception to put in terms of economy it turns out to be an important capacitor for economy growth in most countries. In any case, we can clearly distinguish two ways as Natural Capital can be seen. One may elaborate a definition about it by reading what others have previously written, those who usually are quite far from the direct use of natural resources. On the other hand it would also be interesting to conform a definition of it by asking people who are constantly in contact with natural resources and consequently contribute to form the Natural Capital.

The political ecology of Jatropha plantations for biodiesel in Tamil Nadu, India

Jatropha curcas is promoted internationally for its presumed agronomic viability in marginal lands, economic returns for small farmers, and lack of competition with food crops. However, empirical results from a study in southern India revealed that Jatropha cultivation, even on agricultural lands, is neither profitable, nor pro-poor. We use a political ecology framework to analyze both the discourse promoting Jatropha cultivation and its empirical consequences. We deconstruct the shaky premises of the dominant discourse of Jatropha as a ���pro-poor��� and ���pro-wasteland��� development crop, a discourse that paints a win-win picture between poverty alleviation, natural resource regeneration, and energy security goals. We then draw from field-work on Jatropha plantations in the state of Tamil Nadu to show how Jatropha cultivation favors resource-rich farmers, while possibly reinforcing existing processes of marginalization of small and marginal farmers.

The ���Dragon��� and the ���Elephant��� and Global Imbalances

Global financial imbalances receive a great deal of attention in relation to the emerging economies China and India. This chapter analyzes this relation, but argues first that they are actually re-balancing the existing structural inequality in the world economy, in which for so long only the Western economies and Japan dominated economic growth and international trade, moving towards a more multi-polar world economy. China in particular, with its rapid export-led growth, has indeed been part and parcel of the emerging financial imbalances, feeding the ���over-consumption��� in the US and using its accumulating international reserves in buying US-treasury bonds. Finance therefore is moving to the economy that ���least needs it���. This imbalance can only be redressed if the US (and some of the other OECD countries) start saving more and consuming less (and become more competitive), with China further stimulating domestic demand (which it already did in response to the crisis). China and to a lesser extend India, as emerging large economies and a more important roles in global markets, also contribute to new imbalances, such as the influence of the insatiable appetite for resources (carbon-hydrates, minerals and bio-mass) of these relatively energy-inefficient economies, while at the same time attracting an increasing share of FDI towards them. The chapter finally raises the issue that these three mentioned imbalances make it more difficult for developing countries (except for those who are resource-rich) to get access to the necessary development finance.

Proteinuria de rango nefr��tico y nefroangiosclerosis. Caracter��sticas cl��nicas y evolutivas diferenciales.

La prote��n��ria de rang nefr��tic (&3g/24h) sol considerar-se secund��ria a una malaltia glomerular. Coincidint amb altres autors hem observat que alguns pacients amb bi��psies renals indicades per prote��n��ria de rang nefr��tic han estat diagnosticats de nefroangiosclerosi hipertensiva (NAS-HTA). Presentem un estudi retrospectiu en el qual descrivim les caracter��stiques cl��niques i evolutives d���aquests pacients en comparaci�� amb pacients amb prote��n��ria de rang nefr��tic d���altres etiologies. Conclu��m que s���hauria d���incloure la NAS-HTA en el diagn��stic diferencial de la prote��n��ria de rang nefr��tic. L���abs��ncia d���edemes i una alb��mina normal serien un indicador cl��nic diferenciador amb altres patologies que cursen amb prote��nuria de rang nefr��tic i podrien servir d���ajuda en la presa de decisions quan la realitzaci�� d���una bi��psia renal ��s controvertida.

Reconstrucci�� del clima durant el viatge de Fa Xian : influ��ncies climatol��giques en la introducci�� del budisme a la Xina

S'examinen les possibles influ��ncies del canvi clim��tic sobre les motivacions i les condicions d'un dels grans pelegrins budistes xinesos del segle quart, en el seu viatge cap a la Índia a la recerca de texts sagrats.

A two-stage approach for tonic identification in indian art music

In this paper we propose a new approach for tonic identification in Indian art music and present a proposal for acomplete iterative system for the same. Our method splits the task of tonic pitch identification into two stages. In the first stage, which is applicable to both vocal and instrumental music, we perform a multi-pitch analysis of the audio signal to identify the tonic pitch-class. Multi-pitch analysisallows us to take advantage of the drone sound, which constantlyreinforces the tonic. In the second stage we estimate the octave in which the tonic of the singer lies and is thusneeded only for the vocal performances. We analyse the predominant melody sung by the lead performer in order to establish the tonic octave. Both stages are individually evaluated on a sizable music collection and are shown toobtain a good accuracy. We also discuss the types of errors made by the method.Further, we present a proposal for a system that aims to incrementally utilize all the available data, both audio and metadata in order to identify the tonic pitch. It produces a tonic estimate and a confidence value, and is iterative in nature. At each iteration, more data is fed into the systemuntil the confidence value for the identified tonic is above a defined threshold. Rather than obtain high overall accuracy for our complete database, ultimately our goal is to develop a system which obtains very high accuracy on a subset of the database with maximum confidence.

Applause identification and its relevance to archival of Carnatic music

A Carnatic music concert is made up of a sequence of pieces, where each piece corresponds to a particular genre and ra��aga (melody). Unlike a western music concert, the artist may be applauded intra-performance inter-performance. Most Carnatic music that is archived today correspond to a single audio recordings of entire concerts.The purpose of this paper is to segment single audio recordings into a sequence of pieces using thecharacteristic features of applause and music. Spectral flux, spectral entropy change quite significantly from music to applause and vice-versa. The characteristics of these features for a subset of concerts was studied. A threshold based approach was used to segment the pieces into music fragments and applauses. Preliminary resultson recordings 19 concerts from matched microphones show that the EER is about 17% for a resolution of 0.25 seconds. Further, a parameter called CUSUM is estimatedfor the applause regions. The CUSUM values determine the strength of the applause. The CUSUM is used to characterise the highlights of a concert.

When federalism is not enough? Paths to cooperation in Federal democracies

This paper explores an overlooked issue in the literature on federations and federalism: the relationship between federalism and democracy. Starting from the assumption that federalism per se is not enough to guarantee cooperative intergovernmental dynamics between different levels of governments, this article analyzes how democracy reinforces cooperative intergovernmental relations under a federal design. Drawing from empirical evidence of federations in the making ��� Brazil, India, Malaysia, Mexico, South Africa and Spain ��� this article shows that in countries where the federal design was built under democratization, namely Brazil, Spain and South Africa, intergovernmental dynamics evolved under an increasingly cooperative mode of interaction.

Characterization of intonation in Kar��������aka music by parametrizing context-based Svara Distributions

Intonation is a fundamental music concept that has a special relevance in Indian art music. It is characteristic of the r��ga and intrinsic to the musical expression of the performer. Describing intonation is of importance to several information retrieval tasks like the development of r��ga and artist similarity measures. In our previous work, we proposed a compact representation of intonation based on the parametrization of the pitch histogram of a performance and demonstrated the usefulness of this representation through an explorative r��ga recognition task in which we classified 42 vocal performances belonging to 3 r��gas using parameters of a single svara. In this paper, we extend this representation to employ context-based svara distributions, which are obtained with a different approach to find the pitches belonging to each svara. We quantitatively compare this method to our previous one, discuss the advantages, and the necessary melodic analysis to be carried out in future.

Oportunidades de negocio para empresas espa��olas en Brasil, India y China

Brasil, Índia i Xina s��n algunes de les economies anomenades a ser pot��ncies mundials en els propers anys. S��n pa��sos que estan experimentant un creixement *inigualable per altres nacions i que posseeixen molts recursos naturals, amplis territoris i una recent classe mitjana que demanda nous productes i serveis. Aquest fet, en un panorama de crisi global com l'actual, convida voler invertir immediatament en aquests pa��sos. Com a conseq����ncia de les grans extensions territorials, les ��rees de negoci han de ser detectades de forma efectiva com a factor clau per augmentar les possibilitats d'��xit empresarial, juntament amb la bona pr��ctica dels protocols i normes esteses a Brasil, Índia i Xina. L'estudi de les formes d'establiment m��s adequades a l'empresa de l'inversor en pot��ncia i l'estudi dels sectors m��s competitius en cada economia s��n tamb�� aspectes determinants, entre molts altres que es desenvolupen en aquest treball. Brasil, Índia i Xina s��n nacions molt complexes, amb caracter��stiques semblants i unes altres totalment diferents. Moltes d'elles seran analitzades en aquest treball per tal proporcionar una resposta ferma a la pregunta de molts inversors: Existeixen realment oportunitats empresarials en pa��sos com Brasil, Xina o Índia?

Water tanks as ecosystems. Local ecosystemic perception for integral management of water tanks in Tamil Nadu, South India

Water tanks offer from many centuries ago solutions in South India for several problems related with water scarcity. They are a traditional water harvesting system wide spread in this territory, allowing a potential decentralized and participatory management of the local population on their own resources. Although water tanks�� main function is irrigation, they have many other uses, functions and natural resources associated, involving stakeholders in the villages apart from those farmers making use of the irrigation. Water tanks provide a variety of landscapes and biodiversity that creates a valuable heterogeneous territory. The complexity of such an ecosystem should be managed with an integral perspective, considering all the elements involved and their relations, and understanding that water tanks are not just water deposits. This multidisciplinary study tries to demonstrate the idea of water tanks as ecosystems, describing and analyzing deeply and in an unprecedentedly way the functions, uses, natural resources and stakeholders. The research also focuses in the assessment of the ecosystemic perception of the local population of some villages in Tamil Nadu, employing diverse anthropological methodology.