Analysing knowledge building: usages, achievements and limits of forums at university

This paper aims to explore asynchronous communication in computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL). Thirty virtual forums are analysed in both a quantitative and a qualitative way. Quantitatively, the number of messages written, message threads and original and answer messages are counted. Qualitatively, the content of the notes is analysed, cataloguing these into two different levels: on the one hand, as a set of knowledge building process categories, and on the other hand, following the scaffolds that Knowledge Forum offers. The results show that both an exchange of information and a collaborative work take place. Nevertheless, the construction of knowledge is superficial.

La terminología hoy: replanteamiento o diversificación

Cet article présente d’abord le panorama actuel de la terminologie du point de vue théorique, quise caractérise aujourd’hui par une grande diversité d’approches comme résultat de l’apparition de nouvelles nécessités au cours des dernières années, qui ont abouti à des usages terminologiques aussi très diverses. Comme réponse à cette nouvelle situation, les auteurs présentent une esquisse d’une proposition pour unenouvelle conception de la terminologie, qui essai d’intégrer des apports du côté linguistique, cognitive et sociale; cette nouvelle approche théorique présente aussi des conséquences importantes sur le planméthodologique et pratique.

Identifying the Role of Final Consumption in Structural Path Analysis: An Application to Water Uses

The complexity of the connexions within an economic system can only be reliably reflected in academic research if powerful methods are used. Researchers have used Structural Path Analysis (SPA) to capture not only the linkages within the production system but also the propagation of the effects into different channels of impacts. However, the SPA literature has restricted itself to showing the relations among sectors of production, while the connections between these sectors and final consumption have attracted little attention. In order to consider the complete set of channels involved, in this paper we propose a structural path method that endogenously incorporates not only sectors of production but also the final consumption of the economy. The empirical application comprises water usages, and analyses the dissemination of exogenous impacts into various channels of water consumption. The results show that the responsibility for water stress is imputed to different sectors and depends on the hypothesis used for the role played by final consumption in the model. This highlights the importance of consumers’ decisions in the determination of ecological impacts. Keywords: Input-Output Analysis, Structural Path Analysis, Final Consumption, Water uses.

Dinámica erosiva y aplicabilidad de modelos físicos de erosión en una cuenca de montaña mediterránea (Ribera Salada, Cuenca del Segre, Lleida, España)

Se estudia la dinámica de erosión por escorrentía superficial en unas laderas montañosas de la cabecera de la Ribera Salada (cuenca del Sagre), distinguiendo tres usos de suelo: (1) sotobosque de quejigo, (2) terrazas agrícolas y (3) márgenes de matorral. Se analiza la aplicabilidad de los modelos Erosion2D y EUROSEM. En cuanto al diseño experimental, durante seis meses se controlaron episodios naturales mediante un pluviógrafo y quince parcelas con canales Gerlach. Se realizaron, asimismo, seis simulaciones de lluvia que permitieron estudiar episodios de alta intensidad. De manera complementaria se llevaron a cabo las mediciones topográficas, los muestreos y las experimentaciones necesarias para caracterizar hidrológicamente la zona y aplicar los modelos de erosión. Como principales conclusiones se pueden señalar las siguientes: a) las tasas de escorrentía y erosión registradas fueron muy bajas, y se constató la importancia de procesos diferentes al flujo hortoniano, lo cual condiciona el uso de estos modelos, b) el modelo E2D no permite estudiar episodios de baja magnitud como los registrados, y su aplicación se debería restringir a terrenos menos porosos, c) la aplicación directa del modelo EUROSEM origina errores importantes; se ha calibrado un parámetro para reducir el error en el cálculo de la escorrentía, y d) el estudio de la variabilidad de la humedad precedente del suelo resulta de gran importancia para la modelización de estos procesos.

An Explanatory Approach to the Political Uses of ICT Initiatives for Participation : Institutions, Context, and Characteristics of the Actors

Political actors use ICTs in a different manner and in different degrees when it comes to achieving a closer relationship between the public and politicians. Usually, political parties develop ICT strategies only for electoral campaigning and therefore restrain ICT usages to providing information and establishing a few channels of communication. By contrast, local governments make much more use of ICT tools for participatory and deliberative purposes. These differences in usages have not been well explained in the literature because of a lack of a comprehensive explanatory model. This chapter seeks to build the basis for this model, that is, to establish which factors affect and condition different political uses of ICTs and which principles underlie that behaviour. We consider that political actors are intentional and their behaviour is mediated by the political institutions and the socioeconomic context of the country. Also, though, the actor¿s own characteristics, such as the type and size of the organization or the model of e-democracy that the actor upholds, can have an influence in launching ICT initiatives for approaching the public.