The Cultural Olympiad of Barcelona in 1992: Good points and bad points. Lessons for the Future

This text was presented at the Symposium “Olympic Arts and Culture Festivals: Recent Experiences and Future Design”, held in Chicago on the 23-24 June 2008. It provides with an analysis of good and bad points of the Cultural Olympiad of Barcelona’92 in order to discover, from that past experience, any lessons for future Cultural Olympiads and Olympic Movement cultural policy in general, as well as to rethink, in a critical way, Catalan cultural policies.

La Olimpiada Cultural de Barcelona en 1992: luces y sombras. Lecciones para el futuro

Este texto fue presentado en el Simposio “Olympic Arts and Culture Festivals: Recent Experiences and Future Design”, celebrado en Chicago del 23 al 24 de junio de 2008. Proporciona un análisis de las luces y sombras de la Olimpiada Cultural de Barcelona’92 con el fin de descubrir, a partir de esa experiencia previa, cualquier lección para las Olimpíadas Culturales futuras y la política cultural del movimiento olímpico en general, así como repensar, de una manera crítica, las políticas culturales catalanas.

Informe sobre el Seminari «Sistemes d'Informació per a l'Acció Cultural Local» (Barcelona, 25-28 de novembre de 1998)

El passat mes de novembre, l'Àrea de Cultura de la Diputació de Barcelona va organitzar Interacció'98, unes jornades de convocatòria estatal sobre polítiques i gestió cultural. La convocatòria d'enguany ¿la quarta edició¿ tractà d'un centre d'interès específic: «Cultura i poder local». Dins el marc d'Interacció'98, es va organitzar el seminari de «Sistemes d'informació per a l'acció cultural local». Aquest seminari es va organitzar amb l'intent de conjugar la reflexió teòrica amb la presentació de pràctiques amb resultats positius procedents d'organitzacions públiques de diversa adscripció temàtica i sectorial de tot l'Estat espanyol. El comú denominador va ser la seva significació quant a les possibilitats i limitacions dels sistemes d'informació per a l'acció cultural a escala territorial.

La concepció política de la mediació cultural

La mediació cultural és una figura institucionalitzada a Quebec, però força desconeguda a Catalunya. A través de les pràctiques culturals busca fomentar una participació civíca ciutadana, millorar la cohesió social i el risc d'exclusió. Aquest treball investiga la mediació cultural des d'una perspectiva política, defensant que hi ha tres formes de percebre un acte de mediació. Metodològicament, s'analitzen pràctiques de mediació cultural a Montreal utilitzant com a marc interpretatiu tres models de ciutadania: liberal, comunitarista i republicà.

Gallery districts of Barcelona: the strategic play of art dealers

This article focuses on Barcelona"s art market to explore the underlying factors behind the clustering of art dealers in several of the city"s districts. Drawing upon quantitative and qualitative data, the article analyses how such clustering reveals a strategic action in the sense attributed to it by Crozier and Friedberg (1981). Gallery districts are not a reflection of structural factors (economic, urban development-related or social) but the result of a combination of strategic choices either individual or collective which explain the permanence of leading gallery districts or the emergence of new ones.

Política cultural e hibridación de las instituciones culturales. El caso de Barcelona

Actualmente, los recortes en los presupuestos de cultura han impulsado un debate público sobre la necesidad de cooperación entre el sector público y el sector privado en la financiación y la gestión de las instituciones culturales. No obstante, en realidad, esta cooperación ya existe en el caso de Barcelona. El análisis presupuestario y de su gestión revela que la mayor parte de las instituciones culturales no pueden ser clasificadas ni en el sector público ni en el sector privado no lucrativo, sino que son híbridas. El artículo defiende que las hibridaciones que podemos encontrar se explican, en primer lugar, por el origen de las instituciones culturales y, en segundo lugar, por la orientación de la política cultural barcelonesa, caracterizada por la estrategia emprendedora del gobierno local. Finalmente, el artículo analiza los retos que plantean estos diferentes grados de hibridación con relación a la gobernanza de las instituciones culturales.

Cultural Planning and community sustainability: The case of the Cultural Facilities Plan of Catalonia (PECCAT 2010-20)

The government of Catalonia has developed a planning framework that seeks to establish the provision of cultural facilities throughout the country. The Cultural Facilities Plan of Catalonia (PECCAT) is based on an analysis of historical gaps and establishes a minimum spatial scheme. The plan responds to problems associated with the absence of a former similar instrument, which has led to an inconsistent and inappropriate cultural infrastructure that fails to fulfill its fundamental mission of securing the cultural rights of the population. The paper sets forth the aims of this policy and describes the objectives and basic characteristics of the plan and the expected outcomes. With the plan, the government of Catalonia seeks to rebalance the infrastructure within the territory and to ensure universal access to basic cultural services, while avoiding a logic of standardization and taking local communities into account. With the development of local plans in the municipalities, local governments encourage community participation processes to adapt and decide on priorities for action based on needs assessments and cultural opportunities for local sustainable development. The local plans focus on local cultural strengths, take advantage of opportunities, and aim to realize the cultural dynamics of a place through establishing an infrastructure that can best respond to the needs and cultural demands of the local communities, taking into account economic, social, and environmental sustainability.

La modernización de la gestión pública de la cultura. Análisis comparado del caso de los equipamientos culturales de las comunidades autónomas de Cataluña y Madrid

En el marco de la actual reducción de los presupuestos públicos dedicados a cultura, ha surgido el debate en torno a la necesidad de aumentar la sostenibilidad de los equipamientos culturales. No obstante, los autores plantean que ello requiere una modernización del modelo de gestión de los equipamientos culturales: la agencialización, la contractualización de las relaciones entre las administraciones públicas y los equipamientos culturales y la evaluación de sus resultados e impactos. A partir del análisis de dos países pioneros en este proceso, Inglaterra y Francia, el artículo se centra en el análisis comparativo de los procesos de modernización de la gestión de los equipamientos culturales en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid y la de Cataluña. La conclusión es que las diferencias entre estas dos comunidades se deben a las diferencias del contexto político-administrativo, esto es, al modelo de gestión de las políticas culturales. Asimismo, en ambos casos, el reto de modernización de la gestión de los equipamientos culturales no solo debe implicar cambios de gestión económica, sino un cambio en la tutela y en la misión, que debe orientarse hacia la creación de valor público.

Reliable entertainment: Spanish consumers' preferences regarding a film's country of origin

This article contributes to the study of cinema audiences in Europe by analyzing theactual behavior of Spanish moviegoers and their level of satisfaction. We modeledmoviegoers’ choice of film by country of origin (U.S.A., Spain, and other countries)according to a set of determinants: (1) consumers’ interpretation of several sources of information, (2) motivations and (3) choice rules. We found three clear consumerstereotypes related to each type of film: (1) U.S.A. films were preferred by almost everyone (especially families and younger audiences); (2) Spanish films had audiences composed of middle-age and middle-class moviegoers; and (3) European productions were preferred by a social or intellectual elite. U.S.A. films dominate the Spanish market for the reason that they provide most of what moviegoers prefer, namely, familiar, reliable entertainment in Spanish; three characteristics that are not satisfied by Spanish and European films. Additionally, we discuss the implications for the European cultural policy

From urban political economy to the cultural political economy : rethinking culture and economy in and beyond the urban

Discussions about the culture-economy articulation have occurred largely within theconfines of economic geography. In addition, much attention has been diverted intocaricaturized discussions over the demise of political economy or the invalidity ofculturalist arguments. Moving the argument from the inquiry on the ¿nature¿ of theeconomy itself to the transformation of the role of culture and economy inunderstanding the production of the urban form from an urban political economy (UPE)this paper focuses on how the challenges posed by the cultural turn have enabled urbanpolitical economy to participate constructively in interdisciplinary efforts to reorientpolitical economy in the direction of a critical cultural political economy.

Knowledge, networks of cities and growth in regional urban systems

The objective of this paper is to measure the impact of different kinds of knowledge and external economies on urban growth in an intraregional context. The main hypothesis is that knowledge leads to growth, and that this knowledge is related to the existence of agglomeration and network externalities in cities. We develop a three-tage methodology: first, we measure the amount and growth of knowledge in cities using the OCDE (2003) classification and employment data; second, we identify the spatial structure of the area of analysis (networks of cities); third, we combine the Glaeser - Henderson - De Lucio models with spatial econometric specifications in order to contrast the existence of spatially static (agglomeration) and spatially dynamic (network) external economies in an urban growth model. Results suggest that higher growth rates are associated to higher levels of technology and knowledge. The growth of the different kinds of knowledge is related to local and spatial factors (agglomeration and network externalities) and each knowledge intensity shows a particular response to these factors. These results have implications for policy design, since we can forecast and intervene on local knowledge development paths.

Exploring Determinants of Urban Motorcycle Accident Severity: The Case of Barcelona

Public authorities and road users alike are increasingly concerned by recent trends in road safety outcomes in Barcelona, which is the European city with the highest number of registered Powered Two-Wheel (PTW) vehicles per inhabitant,. In this study we explore the determinants of motorcycle and moped accident severity in a large urban area, drawing on Barcelona’s local police database (2002-2008). We apply non-parametric regression techniques to characterize PTW accidents and parametric methods to investigate the factors influencing their severity. Our results show that PTW accident victims are more vulnerable, showing greater degrees of accident severity, than other traffic victims. Speed violations and alcohol consumption provide the worst health outcomes. Demographic and environment-related risk factors, in addition to helmet use, play an important role in determining accident severity. Thus, this study furthers our understanding of the most vulnerable vehicle types, while our results have direct implications for local policy makers in their fight to reduce the severity of PTW accidents in large urban areas.

Learning to live together: an exploration and analysis of managing cultural diversity in ten early childhood development centres in South Africa

This study explores how South African Early Childhood Development (ECD) Practitioners and families meet the needs of the increasing number of children from diverse cultural backgrounds in their care. Research participants were identified through ten ECD centres located in two urban communities in the Eastern and Western Cape Provinces of South Africa. The values and attitudes held by Practitioners and families vis-à-vis cultural diversity was investigated, along with the knowledge and strategies they employ to manage cultural diversity in ECD programmes. The intercultural education model provides the necessary tools to address the challenges identified.

Narrating urban entrepreneurship: a matter of imagineering?

The battle between cities with regard to their creative possibilities has evolved into a process of multiplying ever-new images and variegated stories of urban attractiveness and success. Engineering “cool” images and “hot” stories about one’s city is now a central endeavor in the narratives of urban policy-making that center more and more on the idea of the entrepreneurial city. The making of an entrepreneurial image is enacted through various narrative genres that lie somewhere between place making and place marketing, between branding and boosting, between restoration and revanchism, between iconic architecture and mega-spectacle. This “imagineering” is not only part of the way cities try to (re)present themselves as entrepreneurial to various audiences through a real “image inflation” (Zukin, 2008, p. xii) but is 1 Forthcoming in: B. Lange,.A. Kalandides, B. Stoeber, I. Wellmann (Hrsg.) (2009): Governance der Kreativwirtschaft. Diagnosen und Handlungsoptionen. Transcript-Verlag, Bielefeld. 2 also inscribed in the various ways urban creativity and entrepreneurship can be studied, researched and imagined. In this chapter we aim to differentiate the political narratives of the entrepreneurial city as we emphasize the need to understand the politics of narration and make a plea for critical reflexivity in our forms of researching and theorizing. We will thus try to investigate how the politics of narration is intertwined with the narration of political concepts and will argue that the narrating of urban entrepreneurship can raise very different images and discourses of city life beyond those that are currently engineered. We will distinguish between a grand narrative, a counter-narrative, and an assemblage of more ambivalent little narratives, which we call prosaic narration. While the distinction between these three types might be seen as a bit too simple and “straight”, we believe that by juxtaposing these different forms of narration and alternating between them, we can help problematize the engineering of the city as entrepreneurial and imagine alternative views both of city life and of what is understood as its creativity.

Quantitative analysis of image factors in a cultural heritage tourist destination

The tourism consumer’s purchase decision process is, to a great extent, conditioned by the image the tourist has of the different destinations that make up his or her choice set. In a highly competitive international tourist market, those responsible for destinations’ promotion and development policies seek differentiation strategies so that they may position the destinations in the most suitable market segments for their product in order to improve their attractiveness to visitors and increase or consolidate the economic benefits that tourism activity generates in their territory. To this end, the main objective we set ourselves in this paper is the empirical analysis of the factors that determine the image formation of Tarragona city as a cultural heritage destination. Without a doubt, UNESCO’s declaration of Tarragona’s artistic and monumental legacies as World Heritage site in the year 2000 meant important international recognition of the quality of the cultural and patrimonial elements offered by the city to the visitors who choose it as a tourist destination. It also represents a strategic opportunity to boost the city’s promotion of tourism and its consolidation as a unique destination given its cultural and patrimonial characteristics. Our work is based on the use of structured and unstructured techniques to identify the factors that determine Tarragona’s tourist destination image and that have a decisive influence on visitors’ process of choice of destination. In addition to being able to ascertain Tarragona’s global tourist image, we consider that the heterogeneity of its visitors requires a more detailed study that enables us to segment visitor typology. We consider that the information provided by these results may prove of great interest to those responsible for local tourism policy, both when designing products and when promoting the destination.