Berga, molt més que patrimoni immaterial

Planteja un projecte extens,innovador i creatiu, que a part d’un anàlisi de l’estat de la qüestió del patrimoni a Berga i el seu úsproposa noves rutes i noves propostes per conèixer la història de la ciutat de forma més global iamena, activar, donar valor i proposar restauracions d’urgència a elements poc valorats i pocdifosos. Fer que la cultura de Berga sigui molt més que la Patum, un patrimoni sostenible duranttot l’any, proper a tota classe de persones, famílies, col·lectius....S'ha volgut crear una visió global de la cultura Berguedana, una ruta que indagui des dels orígensfins l’actualitat de la capital de comarca, ja que les propostes actuals que s’ofereixen des del’Oficina de turisme de la ciutat, segmenten la història en parts i per tant els donen més valor, endetriment d’altres que al meu parer també són cabdals en la formació de l’actual Berga

Las representaciones en el mundo de la vida cotidiana

Esta investigación no se ha reducido, en el análisis, a los niveles objetivables, sino que ha indagado en otros; es decir, no pretendía sólo estudiar las relaciones entre los ámbitos productivo, reproductivo y tiempo libre a partir de una serie de indicadores de hechos o actividades, sino también indagar en dichas relaciones en los niveles de las pautas de comportamiento, de las actitudes y de las representaciones cognitivas. La idea de base consiste en que la vida social no sólo se libra, se construye y se realiza en el campo de las actividades objetivadas sino también en el de los hábitos, sean bajo la forma de actitudes o de representaciones. El objetivo más específico de este artículo se refiere sólo al análisis de las representaciones que la gente se hace de cada uno de los ámbitos y de su articulación en la forma de modos de representaciones o de conocimento cotidiano. Los datos para estudiar las actitudes y las representaciones han sido obtenidos volviendo de nuevo a los encuestados sobre la base de una muestra más reducida basada en las tipologías conseguidas en los niveles precedentes de análisis. Este artículo es parte de una investigación cuyos resultados aparecen en este mismo número de PAPERS. El artículo tiene autonomía y entidad por sí mismo pero la lectura del resto de los artículos de este número facilitará su contextualización.

Cuevas ceremoniales en Teotihuacán en el período Postclásico

En un artículo anterior, presentamos algunos de los datos obtenidos durante los trabajos de investigación realizados en las cuevas situadas al sudeste de la Pirámide del Sol (lámina 1, cuadrante N3E2, Millon 1973). Durante los meses de marzo a agosto de 1993 se realizaron excavaciones en esta área, que permitieron definir un complejo subterráneo ceremonial compuesto por tres cuevas integradas dentro de un patio hundido. En este artículo se exponen los datos arqueológicos de la tercera cueva que ha proporcionado materiales pertenecientes a fases de ocupación posteotihuacanas (900/1000-1200 dC) y su relación con otras investigaciones realizadas en la zona arqueológica en los últimos años.

Educació intercultural i ciutadania. Presentació

El concepte de ciutadania constitueix un d"aquells exemples en els quals l"evolució del significat del terme es vincula a processos d"interacció que han modificat l"essència de les relacions socials, tot i que de vegades no se sap ben bé si són els discursos els que s"adapten a la realitat o si és la realitat la que està construïda a partir de canvis en el discurs. De fet, en el context de la Grècia clàssica o de la Roma imperial, el concepte de ciutadania, portava aparellat una situació de privilegi, ja fos per diferenciar-se d"altres grups amb menor quota de poder social -el cas dels esclaus- ja fos per establir diferències en funció del lloc de naixement -els nascuts a Roma- que descrivia situacions diferenciades a les d"altres períodes històrics

Cuevas ceremoniales en Teotihuacán durante el período clásico

En los últimos años el estudio del complejo subterráneo existente por debajo de la ciudad ha desarrollado una prometedora línea de investigación para la comprensión de los acontecimientos que llevaron al auge de la cultura teotihuacana. La existencia de cuevas en el valle y su importancia en la cosmovisión indígena es conocida desde antiguo. En este artículo se analiza el papel que pudieron jugar las cuevas ceremoniales del sureste de la Pirámide del Sol durante el período de formación del estado teotihuacano hasta el cierre de las mismas en el Tlamimilolpa tardío (350 dC).

Cuevas ceremoniales en Teotihuacán en el período Postclásico

En un artículo anterior, presentamos algunos de los datos obtenidos durante los trabajos de investigación realizados en las cuevas situadas al sudeste de la Pirámide del Sol (lámina 1, cuadrante N3E2, Millon 1973). Durante los meses de marzo a agosto de 1993 se realizaron excavaciones en esta área, que permitieron definir un complejo subterráneo ceremonial compuesto por tres cuevas integradas dentro de un patio hundido. En este artículo se exponen los datos arqueológicos de la tercera cueva que ha proporcionado materiales pertenecientes a fases de ocupación posteotihuacanas (900/1000-1200 dC) y su relación con otras investigaciones realizadas en la zona arqueológica en los últimos años.

Immoralitat higiènica

Recordo que quan era menut i anava a l'escola, als escolapis, a la dècada de 1970, durant la Quaresma els professors de religió ens feien llegir la passió i mort de Jesús tal com està escrita als evangelis. De tots els passatges, un dels que em cridava més l'atenció era el de Ponç Pilat rentant-se les mans mentre accedia a condemnar Jesús a mort per crucifixió. Per quins set sous se les havia de rentar?, em preguntava. Després vaig saber que era costum dels romans rentar-se les mans com a símbol que s'eximien de qualsevol responsabilitat, tal com encara indica l'expressió homònima que ha perdurat fins a l'actualitat [...].

Comparison of recent toll road concession transactions in the United States and France

Recent concessions in France and in the US have resulted in a dramatic difference in the valuation placed on the toll roads; the price paid by the investors in France was twelve times current cash flow whereas investors paid sixty times current cash flow for the U.S. toll roads. In this paper we explore two questions: What accounts for the difference in these multiples, and what are the implications with respect to the public interest. Our analysis illustrates how structural and procedural decisions made by the public owner affect the concession price. Further, the terms of the concession have direct consequences that are enjoyed or borne by the various stakeholders of the toll road.

Longer-term impacts of mentoring, educational services, and incentives to learn: evidence from a randomized trial in the United States

This paper is the first to use a randomized trial in the US to analyze the short- and long-term educational and employment impacts of an afterschool program that offered disadvantaged high-school youth: mentoring, educational services, and financial rewards with the objective to improve high-school graduation and postsecondary schooling enrollment. The short-term hefty beneficial average impacts quickly faded away. Heterogeneity matters. While encouraging results are found for younger youth, and when the program is implemented in relatively small communities of 9th graders; detrimental longlived outcomes are found for males, and when case managers are partially compensated by incentive payments and students receive more regular reminders of incentives.

Psychosocial analysis of the collective processes in the United States after September 11

This article studies alterations in the values, attitudes, and behaviors that emerged among U.S. citizens as a consequence of, and as a response to, the attacks of September 11, 2001. The study briefly examines the immediate reaction to the attack, before focusing on the collective reactions that characterized the behavior of the majority of the population between the events of 9/11 and the response to it in the form of intervention in Afghanistan. In studying this period an eight-phase sequential model (Botcharova, 2001) is used, where the initial phases center on the nation as the ingroup and the latter focus on the enemy who carried out the attack as the outgroup. The study is conducted from a psychosocial perspective and uses "social identity theory" (Tajfel & Turner, 1979, 1986) as the basic framework for interpreting and accounting for the collective reactions recorded. The main purpose of this paper is to show that the interpretation of these collective reactions is consistent with the postulates of social identity theory. The application of this theory provides a different and specific analysis of events. The study is based on data obtained from a variety of rigorous academic studies and opinion polls conducted in relation to the events of 9/11. In line with social identity theory, 9/11 had a marked impact on the importance attached by the majority of U.S. citizens to their identity as members of a nation. This in turn accentuated group differentiation and activated ingroup favoritism and outgroup discrimination (Tajfel & Turner, 1979, 1986). Ingroup favoritism strengthened group cohesion, feelings of solidarity, and identification with the most emblematic values of the U.S. nation, while outgroup discrimination induced U.S. citizens to conceive the enemy (al-Qaeda and its protectors) as the incarnation of evil, depersonalizing the group and venting their anger on it, and to give their backing to a military response, the eventual intervention in Afghanistan. Finally, and also in line with the postulates of social identity theory, as an alternative to the virtual bipolarization of the conflict (U.S. vs al-Qaeda), the activation of a higher level of identity in the ingroup is proposed, a group that includes the United States and the largest possible number of countries¿ including Islamic states¿in the search for a common, more legitimate and effective solution.

Psychosocial analysis of the collective processes in the United States after September 11

This article studies alterations in the values, attitudes, and behaviors that emerged among U.S. citizens as a consequence of, and as a response to, the attacks of September 11, 2001. The study briefly examines the immediate reaction to the attack, before focusing on the collective reactions that characterized the behavior of the majority of the population between the events of 9/11 and the response to it in the form of intervention in Afghanistan. In studying this period an eight-phase sequential model (Botcharova, 2001) is used, where the initial phases center on the nation as the ingroup and the latter focus on the enemy who carried out the attack as the outgroup. The study is conducted from a psychosocial perspective and uses "social identity theory" (Tajfel & Turner, 1979, 1986) as the basic framework for interpreting and accounting for the collective reactions recorded. The main purpose of this paper is to show that the interpretation of these collective reactions is consistent with the postulates of social identity theory. The application of this theory provides a different and specific analysis of events. The study is based on data obtained from a variety of rigorous academic studies and opinion polls conducted in relation to the events of 9/11. In line with social identity theory, 9/11 had a marked impact on the importance attached by the majority of U.S. citizens to their identity as members of a nation. This in turn accentuated group differentiation and activated ingroup favoritism and outgroup discrimination (Tajfel & Turner, 1979, 1986). Ingroup favoritism strengthened group cohesion, feelings of solidarity, and identification with the most emblematic values of the U.S. nation, while outgroup discrimination induced U.S. citizens to conceive the enemy (al-Qaeda and its protectors) as the incarnation of evil, depersonalizing the group and venting their anger on it, and to give their backing to a military response, the eventual intervention in Afghanistan. Finally, and also in line with the postulates of social identity theory, as an alternative to the virtual bipolarization of the conflict (U.S. vs al-Qaeda), the activation of a higher level of identity in the ingroup is proposed, a group that includes the United States and the largest possible number of countries¿ including Islamic states¿in the search for a common, more legitimate and effective solution.

Localized prostate cancer in Norway, the United States, and Spain: between-country differences of variables before treatment among patients eligible for curative treatment

Between-country differences in medical and sociodemographic variables, and patient-related outcomes (PROs) before treatment might explain published variations of side effects after radical prostatecomy (RP) or radiotherapy (RAD) for prostate cancer (PCa). This hypothesis was tested among 1908 patients from the United States, Spain, and Norway. Significant between-country differences were observed for most factors investigated before treatment. The observations should be considered in comparison of the frequency and severity of internationally published studies. Background: In men with PCa, large variations of PROs after RP or high-dose RAD might be related to betweencountry differences of medical and sociodemographic variables, and differences in PROs before treatment in the sexual and urinary domains. Patients and Methods: In 1908 patients with localized PCa from Norway, the United States, or Spain, the relation between medical (prostate-specific antigen, Gleason score, cT-category) and sociodemographic variables (age, education, marital status) before treatment was investigated. Using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite questionnaire, PROs before treatment within the sexual and urinary domains were also considered. Results: Compared with the European patients, American patients were younger, fewer had comorbid conditions, and more had a high education level. Fifty-three percent of the US men eligible for RP had low-risk tumors compared with 42% and 31% among the Norwegian and the Spanish patients, respectively. Among the Spanish RAD patients, 54% had had low-risk tumors compared with 34% of the American and 21% of the Norwegian men planned for RAD, respectively. Compared with the European patients, significantly fewer US patients reported moderate or severe sexual dysfunction and related problems. In most subgroups, the number of patients with sexual or urinary dysfunction exceeded that of patients with bother related to the reported dysfunction. Conclusion: Statistically significant between-country differences were observed in medical and sociodemographic variables, and in PROs before treatment within the sexual and urinary domains. Large differences between reported dysfunction and related problems within the sexual and urinary domains indicate that dysfunction and bother should be reported separately in addition to calculation of summary scores. The documented differences, not at least regarding PROs, might in part explain the large variation of side effects after treatment evident in the medical literature

Emergency Management and Wildland-Urban Interface Fires in the United States of America

FEMA's mission is to support our citizens and first responders to ensure that as a Nation we work together to build, sustain, and improve our capability to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate all hazards.