Causes de l'abandonament de l'esport competitiu en noies adolescents de Sant Carles de la Ràpita

El present estudi s’emmarca en una investigació duta a terme amb noies d’entre 15 i 30 anys de Sant Carles de la Ràpita sobre els hàbits de la pràctica esportiva. L’objectiu ha estat estudiar els diferents motius que afavoreixen l’abandonament esportiu en noies adolescents, així com detectar si el síndrome burnout és una causa d’abandonament rellevant en les joves esportistes. Per a això s’han analitzat 36 noies de diferents modalitats esportives a través d’un qüestionari de Garcés de los Fayos (1999), que hem adaptat a les necessitats de l’estudi. Els resultats obtinguts demostren que els principals motius d’abandonament esportiu són els estudis i la falta de temps, tot i que curiosament s’han trobat casos en els quals la motivació per part de l’entrenador/a, el recolzament de la família i les lesions n’han estat les causes. Pel que fa al burnout, s’ha detectat un cas aïllat, però s’ha de destacar que el 50% en pateixen alguns símptomes.

Girls like pink: explaining sex-typed occupational aspirations amongst young children

There is a high degree of sex-typing in young children's occupational aspirations and this has consequences for subsequent occupational segregation. Sociologists typically attribute early sex-differences in occupational preferences to gender socialization. Yet we still know surprisingly little about the mechanisms involved in the intergenerational transmission of sex-typical preferences and there is considerable theoretical controversy regarding the role of individual agency in the process of preference formation. This study analyzes the determinants of sex-typed occupational aspirations amongst British children aged between 11 and 15. We specify different mechanisms involved in the transmission of sex-typical preferences and propose an innovative definition of individual agency that is anchored in observable psychological traits linked to self-direction. This allows us to perform a simultaneous test of socialization and agency predictors of occupational sex-typing. We find that parental influences on occupational preferences operate mainly through three distinctive channels: 1) the effect that parental socio-economic resources have on the scope of children's occupational aspirations, 2) children's direct imitation of parental occupations, and 3) children's learning of sex-typed roles via the observation of parental behavior. We also find a strong net effect of children's own psychological predispositions -self-esteem in particular- on the incidence of sex-typical occupational preferences. Yet large differences in the occupational aspirations of girls and boys remain unexplained.

The challenge of representative design in psychology and economics

The demands of representative design, as formulated by Egon Brunswik (1956), set a high methodological standard. Both experimental participants and the situations with which they are faced should be representative of the populations to which researchers claim to generalize results. Failure to observe the latter has led to notable experimental failures in psychology from which economics could learn. It also raises questions about the meaning of testing economic theories in abstract environments. Logically, abstract tests can only be generalized to abstract realities and these may or may not have anything to do with the empirical realities experienced by economic actors.

Psychology in Catalonia: 1996-2002

En aquest article es presenta el resum del Report de la Recerca en Psicologia a Catalunya durant el període 1996-2002, publicat l'any 2004 per l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans. A partir de informacions diverses, procedents especialmentd'institucions educatives de nivell universitari, Administració de Catalunya (Departament d'Universitats, Recercai Societat de la Informació, DURSI), i els propis coordinadors de Grups de Recerca -prèviament detectats mitjançant laelaboració d'un qüestionari ad hoc-, s'ha perfilat un mapa de la recerca en Psicologia a Catalunya durant el períodeestudiat, el qual inclou investigadors procedents de les sis Universitats catalanes en les quals s'imparteixen estudis dePsicologia (o, en el cas de la Universitat de Lleida, de Psicopedagogia). Els eixos organitzadors de la informació hanestat les Àrees de Coneixement i les Universitats. La informació recollida s'ha articulat al voltant de diversesqüestions cabdals relatives als Grups de Recerca: Projectes de recerca obtinguts per part de diversos organismes subvencionants, la productivitat contemplada des de la vessant de la publicació d'articles científics, el finançament obtingut per part de diverses Administracions i entitats privades, la infrastructura amb la que compten, les característiques d'arranjament d'aquests Grups, i, finalment, les condicions, valoracions, expectatives i gestió dels recursos dels Grups de Recerca.

El "teenage consumer" a la Gran Bretanya de postguerra.

El final de la segona guerra mundial va marcar el principi d’un nou context internacional on els Estats Units i la URSS, cada un amb el seu sistema econòmic, es varen convertir en les dues potències mundials en lluita per l’hegemonia mundial. Al bloc occidental els Estats Units varen començar a exercir la seva influència per a estendre un model de societat basat en el consum que es convertirà en el model predominant durant tot el segle XX. Fora dels Estats Units el primer en començar a adoptar aquest mode de vida basat principalment en el consum va ser el teenage consumer britànic. Aquest tipus d’individu altament americanitzat que va sorgir al Regne Unit de postguerra es convertiria en un signe dels canvis que encara havien de venir. Aquest treball pretén definir la figura del teenage consumer, analitzar les causes del seu sorgiment, les seves característiques, els seus hàbits de consum i com va contribuir a la creació de la societat de consum.

Elaboración de un sistema de categorías para el análisis sociométrico: su aplicación en aulas multiculturales

That contribution shows a categorisation system in order to analyse the psicosocial setup of people inside a group. It implies a kind of information analysis more qualitative and dinamic than the traditional and well known sociometric indexes. The categories present not only the quantity of recieved choices, rejections and perceptions, but the quality of established relations. Studied the intern consistency by different analistds, the elaborated categorical system can by applied to the study of sociometric tests to the primary students in multicultural classroom, in order to study the level and nature of integration among different ethnic minorities. A least, that contribution ofers the outcomes from the analysis of the integration of a simple of 95 students (girls and boys) from several ethnic minorities and describes their limits and conclusions.

The Dialogic Turn in Educational Psychology

The increasing presence of and claim for dialogue in today"s society has already had an impact on the theory and practice of learning. Whereas in the past individual and cognitive elements were seen as crucial to learning, since about two decades ago, scientific literature indicates that culture, interaction and dialogue are the key factors. In addition, the research project of highest scientific rank and with most resources dedicated to the study of school education in the Framework Program of the European Union: INCLUD-ED shows that the practices of successful schools around Europe are in line with the dialogic approach to learning. This article presents the dialogic turn in educational psychology, consisting of moving from symbolic conceptions of mind and internalist perspectives that focus on mental schemata of previous knowledge, to theories that see intersubjectivity and communication as the primary factors in learning. The paper deepens on the second approach.

Stress, coping and personal strengths and difficulties in internationally adopted children in spain

This study analyses the types of coping strategies used by internationally adopted children, and explores the relation between these strategies and personal strengths and difficulties. The Kidcope checklist (Spirito, Stark, & Williams, 1998) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, 1997) were administered to a sample of 35 Spanish adoptees (25.7% boys and 74.3% girls, aged 8-12 years) and their parents. Self-reported problems were categorised and their relation with coping strategies and psychological adjustment was explored. Results indicated that adopted children report problems of interpersonal nature. The content of the problems mainly refers to relationships and health, illness, or accidents. Parents reported that children were generally well-adjusted and they had no problems outside the normal range. International adoptees used mainly control-oriented coping strategies. Escape-oriented coping was linked to parents' ratings of total difficulties, with self-criticism accounting for the highest percentage of the variance.

Estudio sobre el desarrollo de la identidad en la adolescencia

The aim of this study was to determine how adolescents construct their own identity during this important stage of their lifecycle.We evaluated the identity of a group of 42 adolescents between 11 and 12 years (early adolescence) and between 14 and 15 years (late adolescence), from EOMEIS-II (Extended Version of the Objective Mesure of Ego Identity Estatus created by Adams, Benion and Huh, 1989) which is part of an Ericksonian conceptualization of identity. In the results obtained we can see that students have higher scores on a global level, the most active and mature estatus (identity achieved and moratorium) in the passive and immature estatus (identity foreclosed and diffused). The boys have a higher score than girls in stating the identity moratorium on free time and political identity achieved